2017

HFE analysis and improvement

Hamed Yousef
 Assignment Answer Sheet

In

HFE analysis and improvement

Qualification Professional Diploma in Drilling

Student name Hamed Emraja M. Yousef

Unit title Human Factor Engineering
Unit Number 43265
Assessor name Dr. Ahmed Omran

University Evergreen College

Date 30-Sep-2017

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 Task: (Lo 1: 1.1- 1. 3)

Lo 1: 1.1
The refining process is

1. Receiving the petroleum from the oil field and therefore the crude is hold on within

the petroleum tank for subsiding and drain the water.

2. The preheating of the petroleum within the device and therefore the heating method within

the chamber.

3. Distilling the petroleum within the distillation tower.

4. Cooling the product by device subsequently by fan coolers.

5. Storing the product within the storage tanks for subsiding, drain water, and taking samples to

create correct tests before transferring it to the shipping tanks.

6. once transferring the product to the shipping tanks the shipping pumps square measure began

to send the product to the costume designer.

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Lo 1: 1.2
Fish bone diagram

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Lo 1: 1.3
In the petroleum refinery the purification method will be improved and also

the improvement that may be applied is that the reduction of the product storing amount by

eliminating the storing stage.

And storing the product within the shipping tanks and these tanks and may do each functions

(storing and shipping). conjointly the shipping method may be weakened by ever-changing the

shipping pumps with pumps that have higher flow rates which can decrease the shipping amount.

And by these 2 improvement the time interval of the method are weakened.

Task: (Lo 2: 2.1- 2. 3)

Lo 2: 2.1
Types Of Decision Making

Main types

There are many types of decision making and these can be easily categorized into the following 4

groups:

Rational

Intuitive

Combinations

Satisficing

Decision Support Systems

Recognition primed decision making

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(Well spotted! I said 4 and there are 5 - read on for the reason why) Let's consider these in more

detail.

Rational

Rational decision making is the commonest of the types of decision making that is taught and

learned when people decide that they want to improve their decision making. These are logical,

sequential models where the emphasis is on listing many potential options and then working out

which is the best. Often the pros and cons of each option are also listed and scored in order of

importance.

The rational aspect indicates that there is considerable reasoning and thinking done in order to

select the optimum choice. Because we put such a heavy emphasis on thinking and getting it

right in our society, there are many of these models and they are very popular. People like to

know what the steps are and many of these models have steps that are done in order.

People would love to know what the future holds, which makes these models popular. Because

the reasoning and rationale behind the various steps is that if you do x, then y should happen.

However, most people have personal experience that the world usually doesn't work that way!

Intuitive

The second of the types of decision making are the intuitive models. The idea here is that there

may be absolutely no reason or logic to the decision making process. Instead, there is an inner

knowing, or intuition, or some kind of sense of what the right thing to do is.

And there are probably as many intuitive types of decision making as there are people. People

can feel it in their heart, or in their bones, or in their gut and so on. There are also a variety of

ways for people to receive information, either in pictures or words or voices.

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People talk about extra sensory perception as well. However, they are still actually picking up

the information through their five senses. Clair sentience is where people feel things, clair

audience is hearing things and clairvoyance is seeing things.

And of course we have phrases such as 'I smell a rat', ' it smells fishy' and 'I can taste success

ahead'.

Other types of decision making in the intuitive category might include tossing a coin, throwing

dice, tarot cards, astrology, and so on.

Decision wheels are usually more humorous than intuitive but they do have a serious application.

Combinations

Many decisions are actually a result of combinations of rational and intuitive processes. This can

be deliberate where a person combines aspects of both, or it can occur unwittingly.

For example, a person has listed the pros and cons of the options, assigned numerical values and

added them all up. (The rational part.) But the end result is not really satisfactory, they are

uneasy somehow (the intuitive part), so they change the parameters, and the numbers add up

differently. This new result is more 'satisfactory', so they go with that one.

Satisficing

Instead of evaluating all the possible options and choosing the best, satisficing is where we pick

the first one that will give us the result. We choose an option that is 'good enough', one that

satisfies our needs and sacrifices other potentially better options. Hence, satisfice.

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Decision Support Systems

Because computers can process large amounts of data quickly, they were soon put to use to help

make decisions. Decision Support Systems range from a simple spreadsheet to organize

information graphically, to very complex programs organizing info in international companies

and including artificial intelligence that can suggest alternative options and solutions.

There are various types of decision making systems depending on how many people are

involved, the form of the information being processed, what type of result is required, and so on.

There are pros and cons to using computers in this way, and of course, the computer is only as

good as the information that it is processing. Which means that it still comes down to the

humans...!

Recognition primed...
Gary Klein has spent considerable time studying human decision making and his results are very

interesting. He believes that we make 90 to 95% of our decisions in a pattern recognition way.

He suggests that what we actually do is gather information from our environment in relation to

the decision we want to make. We then pick an option that we think will work. We rehearse it

mentally and if we still think it will work, we go ahead.

If it does not work mentally, we choose another option and run that through in our head instead.

If that seems to work, we go with that one. We pick scenarios one by one, mentally check them

out, and as soon as we find one that works, we choose it.

He also points out that as we get more experience, we can recognise more patterns, and we

make better choices more quickly.

Of interest here is that the military in many countries have adapted his methods because they are

considerably more effective than any of the types of decision making we've discussed already. In

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fact, you could say that his model is a combination of the rational and intuitive approaches.

(That's why I said above that there are only 4 groups!) It's also an example of.

Lo 2: 2.2
The Internet

The Internet is one of the greatest creations and gives everyone in the world with Internet access

instant access to an endless supply of knowledge and entertainment. Below is a complete list of

all of the advantages of the Internet.

Information, knowledge, and learning

As mentioned earlier, the Internet contains an endless supply of knowledge and information that

allows you to learn about almost any topic or question you may have. Using a search

engine like Google, you can ask virtually any question and find a web page with an answer to

that question. There are also millions of videos on sites like YouTube that help explain various

topics and even online courses that can be taken to help teach you about many different subjects.

Connectivity, communication, and sharing

In the past, it would take days and sometimes even months to receive a letter from someone else.

Today, with the Internet, you can send an e-mail to anyone in the world and often have it

delivered in less than a minute. Other forms of communication, such as chat and VOIP, also

allow you to have instant communication with anyone in the world.

Online forums are also places where people who share common interests can connect with each

other and talk about what they enjoy or ask other experts in the field questions.

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THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET IN THE WORKPLACE

Advantages

1. Improves communication:

Many businesses are using various business communication technologies to change the way their
employees interact and communicate while at work. Employees can use various communication
tools to interact or exchange information at work. For example, employees from different
departments in a company can use text messaging services or video conferencing tools like
Skype to share and exchange information. Virtual communication tools like Skype can be used
to share screens and this can help workers to share projects while in different departments, the
same application can be used to support group decision making. Also communication
technologies can be used in the customer service department to serve customers on time.

2. Encourages Innovation and Creativity:

Workers can use different business technologies to create innovative business ideas which can be
used in business growth and expansion. Many companies create technological challenges and
reward employees who come up with creative ideas using technology. Employees can use
internet technology to innovate ways of promoting a business online. Social enterprise networks
like Yammer.com can be used by employees to socialize and interact with other creative
employees from different organizations, this interaction will result into information exchange
and it also encourages brain storming on various work related issues.

3. Improves on Human Resource Management:

Technology in the workplace can change the way human resource managers do their job. It
improves on the process of screening, recruiting and hiring new employees. Many human
resource managers are using internet to advertise job openings. Targeted candidates will be in
position to apply for these positions online by submitting their resumes to the human resource

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manager. The all process saves time and it makes the human resource managers work easier.
Technology can also be used to track performance and productivity of each employee at work.
Once employees are aware that they are being monitored, their productivity will increase.

4. Saves Time:

Technology can be used to automate various tasks at work, this automation will guarantee
efficiency and will also increase on production at work. The use of computers to accomplish
specific tasks at work creates room of making corrections on instant and it also reduces on
human errors. Using databases to capture and store information can facilitate quick decision
making at work. Employees can easily access business information via one single database; this
information can be edited and saved for later use. Use of internal networks at the workplace can
help in sharing of gadgets like printers and scanners, so employees do not have to move to
different departments to share technological tools.

5. Creates Mobility:

The use of internet and computers to work has eliminated space and time boundaries. Employees
can work from anywhere at anytime, this mobility makes employees stay in control of their jobs.
Technological tools like virtual meeting applications save us time, we don’t have to be in
meetings physically yet information and data will be shared in real-time. For example, a mobile
workforce management software allows field workers to access real-time work order information
when they’re on the job.

Disadvantages

1. Causes Distraction at Work:

Their so many ways technology can distract employees at work. The use of social networks at
work can cause so much distraction and it affects the productivity of employees. Some
companies have decided to block access to specific websites like Facebook, Twitter and
Youtube, because of the unlimited distraction they cause. Other business technologies which

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cause distraction at work include smartphones, computers and virtual meeting applications like
Skype.

2. High Maintenance costs:

It is expensive to buy technology, but it is also costly to maintain it. Many small businesses can
not afford the cost of hiring a full-time technical person, so they resort to monthly tech
contractors who charge them for work done. If business technology tools like computers are not
well maintained, their performance will decrease and the process of buying new computers or
any other business technology can even be more expensive.

3. Makes employees lazy:

Since most tasks are automated by technology, many employees become lazy at work,
technology kills their creativity and skills. Simple tasks like calculating sales and tracking
inventory are being done with computers, so you will find that employees do not put their brains
at work, they can’t solve high-end business problems because a computer or software will do it
with no challenge.

4. Affects Workplace Relationships:

Employees communicate via cell phones, text messages, email or virtual video conferencing
tools. This type of communication technology eliminates face-to-face communication.
Interpersonal communications are important in building workplace relationships because
employees will get a chance to know each other in person, some times they can even share non-
work related information, this type of interaction is killed by communication technology tools.
Employees become more reserved and self-centered; they get buried into their work which can
be of great harm to a business.

5. It’s Risky:

Though we like the advantages that come with technology at work, it also tends to be risky,
especially when it comes to data security. All employees in important decision making positions
will need access to private business information; this can pose as a threat, because it can be very

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difficult to monitor the usage and privacy of this information. Many employees come with flash
drives at work, so they can transfer critical business information and use it for their own personal
gains.

Lo 2: 2.3
Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO) is an oil company based in Benghazi, Libya,

engaged in crude oil and natural gas exploration, production and refining. It’s a subsidiary

of state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC).

AGOCO has upstream operations in eight oil fields located in these main fields:

TOBRUK
TERMINAL
TOBRUK
SARIR
REFINERY
REFINERY

NAFOORA SARIR OIL

OIL FIELD AGOCO FIELD

BEDA OIL MESSLA

FIELD OIL FIELD

HAMADA
OIL FIELD

AGOCO around 6000 employees, more than 99% of them are nationals, distributed over its
different locations.

The company operates through the following administrative structure:

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 Management

planning Industrial Security Administration

Internal Audit Department Department of Health, Safety and

Environment

Finance and Human Legal Affairs Operations, Maintenance

Exploration Production
Resources and Refineries
Administrative Drilling Administration
Geology Affairs Maintenance
Reservoirs
Contract
Training and Management Operations
Geophysics Development Production

Refineries
Finance

Technical Affairs

Training and Development

10 Tips to Improve Employee Training

Maintaining workers' skills and improving their performance are critical for companies looking
to retain a competitive advantage. Consider these tips for providing better training without
breaking the budget.

Emphasize training as an investment. While the initial costs may seem high, stress within your
company that training is a long-term investment in the development of your staff.

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Target your needs. Identify the specific skills you need to improve and the timeframe within
which you'd like to meet your training goals to provide the optimal payback.

Encourage a learning culture. Express to all employees that your organization cares about
enhancing their skills and wants every worker - whether training or not - to remain competitive
within their skill set.

Include management. Bringing managers and company leaders on board with the new training
initiative is a vital way to build support for the effort.

Start small. Before rolling out a new program, test some aspects of your training system with a
smaller group of people to gain feedback and fine-tune the process.

Select high-quality instructors. Make sure the trainers hired are professional educators and that
their materials can serve as valuable resources in the future.

Pick a good space. A training location can strongly affect the quality of the learning, so make
sure your training area has sufficient space and the necessary equipment, such as computers.

Clarify your goals. Ensure that employees know the specific purposes for their training and how
they connect to larger company goals. Remember to award those who perform well.

Make it a continuous process. Don't limit your training to new employees, and try to bring in as
many workers as you can who would benefit from additional training.

Track the results. A training program won't be effective unless you monitor its progress.
Choose a metric, such as productivity or profit, to help determine the return on investment for
your training efforts and establish concrete results.

Training can be beneficial to employees at nearly every level of the company, but there may be
unexpected challenges to implementing a program. Some employees may be reluctant to
participate because they fail to see the purpose of additional training or don't want to sacrifice
their time. In these cases, it is important to thoroughly communicate the company's staff
development goals to every member of the organization.

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 Task: (Lo 3: 3.1- 3. 3)

Lo 3: 3.1

The refinery performance measurement for the last year

Product quality

The products was produced according to the specification of the (National Oil Corporation) and
they were tested and completely accepted by the NOC team so it can be considered as 98%

Production

Diesel

The target of the diesel production per year was 1093400 barrel and the diesel produced was
1071532 so the percentage of diesel produced to the target was 98%

Gasoline

The target of the gasoline production per year was 290690 barrel and the gasoline produced was
287790 so the percentage of gasoline produced to the target was 99%

Jet fuel

The target of the jet fuel production per year was 159300 barrel and the jet fuel produced was
156910 so the percentage of diesel produced to the target was 98.5%

Crew attendance

The operation department attendance sheet illustrates that only 7 times without informing the
shift supervisor or the department head and in 25 times the permission was taken from shift
supervisor or the department head.

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Lo 3: 3.2
Answer Task 3.2 in the PowerPoint file attached with this Assignment.

Lo 3: 3.3

To the leadership

Obviously, that the processes of the refinery want associate improvement and there's lots of

enhancements that might be applied to those processes, the foremost effective and helpful to the

refinery are going to be mentioned during this report.

It are often seen within the analysis that the storing and shipping take the foremost of the interval

of the method and also the improvement that i like to recommend to use on the refinery to

reinforce the outturn whereas reducing the operation value is that removing the storing stage and

victimization the shipping tanks for each operate and by this action the interval of the method are

going to be less by 48 hours also can eliminate the operation value of the storing stage which

incorporates the pumps motor electricity, the price of lubricating oils, and therefore the value of

maintenance and spare elements.

Also another improvement that might be applied to decrease the time of the shipping stage is by

exchange the previous pumps with new pumps that have higher flow rates which is able to

decrease the periodic time of the shipping stage and therefore the product are going to be

accessible to the designer quicker than before.

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