Lesson 5

MAHATMA
(Affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi)

Grade VI Geography
Chapter – 5
I. Keywords:
1. Lithosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Biosphere
4. Basins
5. Oceans
6. Palk Strait
7. Isthmus of Panama
8. Continents
9. Mountains
10. Plateaus
II. Key Concepts:

1. Seven Continents:
North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia,
Antarctica.
2. Research Station:
Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri.
3. Major Oceans:
Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Southern
Ocean.
4. Layers of Atmosphere:
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere.
5. Major Landforms:
Mountains, Plateaus and Plains.
III. Very Short Answers:

1. How is North America linked to South America?
Ans: North America is linked to South America by a narrow strip of
land called Isthmus of Panama.
2. Name the ocean that is named after the country?
Ans: Indian Ocean is the ocean named after the country.
3. Write two reasons for Air Pollution.

Ans:
 Emission from Industries.
 Emission from Vehicles.
4. What do you mean by Strait?

Ans: A strait is a narrow passage of water connecting two large water
bodies like seas and oceans. The strait between India and Sri Lanka is
Palk strait.
5. How does the atmosphere act as a blanket?

Ans:
 It maintains a fairly even temperature both day and night.
 It shields the earth from ultraviolet rays and protects earth from
meteoroids.
IV. Picture Talk:

1. Oceans:
 Oceans are a major part of Hydrosphere.
 Ocean waters are always moving, three movements of ocean waters
are waves, tides, and ocean currents.
2. Junko Tabei:
 First women to reach the summit of Mt. Everest on 16th May 1975
 She belongs to Japan.
3. Isthmus of Panama:
 A Narrow strip of land joining two landmasses.
 The Isthmus of Panama joins the landmass of north and south
America.
V. Mind Map:
VI. Short Answers:

1. Write two uses of Atmosphere.
i) Atmosphere gives us the oxygen that we breath in.
ii) It protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
2. Which is the Island Continent? Write about it.

Australia is surrounded by oceans and seas from all the sides hence it is
called an Island Continent.
 It is currently in southern hemisphere.
 It is the smallest continent.
3. Give a brief description of Atlantic Ocean.

Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world.
 It’s shape is like “S”.
 It has South and North America in the west and Europe and Africa
in the east.
 It has irregular intended coastline, and therefore has many natural
harbors and ports.
4. Give a brief description of an ocean which is named of a country.

Indian Ocean is the only ocean which is named after a country – India.
 It has a triangular shape.
 It is bound by Asia in the north, by Africa in the west, and
Australia in the east.
5. Write a few features of mountains.
 Mountains are natural elevation of the earth’s surface.
 They are higher than the surrounding area.
 Some of them are even higher than the clouds.
 The climate of mountains is harsh, which makes them less suitable
for habitation.
 Mountains have steep slopes. Hence, farming is quite difficult here.
6. What are block mountains?

Block mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced
vertically. The uplifted blocks are known as horsts and the lowered
blocks are known as graben. Examples: The Rhine valley and the
Vosges Mountain in Europe.
7. How are Plateaus useful for men?

Plateaus are very useful for man because they have rich mineral
deposits. Many of the mining areas in the world are located in Plateau
regions. For example, the Africa Plateau is famous for gold and
diamond mining. The Chota Nagpur plateau in India has huge reserves
of iron, coal, and manganese. In the plateau regions, one can find
several waterfalls. Many plateaus have scenic spots which attract
tourists in large scale.
8. What are the features of plains?

 Plains are vast stretches of flat land.
 Some plains are extremely level. Others may be slightly rolling and
undulating.
 Plains are usually fertile regions. They are suitable for cultivation.
 They are usually thickly populated regions.
 It is easy to build houses, roads, etc. in plains.
VII.Long Answers:
1. What are the chief characteristics of ‘Biosphere’?

Biosphere is the narrow zone of contact between the three realms of
Earth where life is possible.
 There are several species of organisms that vary in size from
microbes and bacteria to mammals.
 All the organisms including humans are linked to each other for
survival.
 They are broadly divided into plant kingdom and animal kingdom.
 Balance of nature has to be maintained for survival.
2. What are the major landforms? Write about them in brief.

i) Mountains: They are natural elevation of the earth surface. They
are higher than the surrounding area. Some mountains are very
high. They are even higher than the clouds. Some mountains have
permanently frozen rivers ice known as glaciers. Mountains are
generally thinly populated region.
ii) Plateaus: They are usually flat-topped table land and are higher
than the surrounding area. Plateaus may be young or old. The
Deccan plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus. Plateaus are
very useful for mankind. They have rich deposits of minerals such
as diamond, gold, iron, manganese, etc. Several waterfalls can be
found in the plateau regions.
iii) Plains: They are vast stretches of flat land. They are mostly formed
by rivers and their tributaries. Plains are usually fertile lands.
Hence, thick population is found there. Construction of transport
network is easy. Cultivation is also easy.

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MAHATMA

(Affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi)

II. Key Concepts:

III. Very Short Answers:

3. Write two reasons for Air Pollution.

4. What do you mean by Strait?

5. How does the atmosphere act as a blanket?

IV. Picture Talk:

VI. Short Answers:

2. Which is the Island Continent? Write about it.

3. Give a brief description of Atlantic Ocean.

4. Give a brief description of an ocean which is named of a country.

6. What are block mountains?

7. How are Plateaus useful for men?

8. What are the features of plains?

1. What are the chief characteristics of ‘Biosphere’?

2. What are the major landforms? Write about them in brief.

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