YANELL. T. MILLER CASE # __CV-428-23.

FILE
NUMBER P044009
Petitioner
vs.
STATE OF _NEW YORK/ CITY COURT OF CITY OF MIDDLETOWN/COUNTY OF ORANGE
JUDGE RICHARD J.GUERTIN, JCC,Fictitious Foreign State
Plaintiff - CITI BANK,N.A. / SELIP & STYLIANOU, LLP / ABBEY SANKER, JOHN ERIN McCABE
JUDICIAL NOTICE
NOTICE TO THE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT
ALL COURTS ARE OPERATING UNDER
• TRADING WITH THE ENEMY ACT AS CODIFIED IN
TITLE 50 USC,
• TITLE 28 USC, CHAPTER 176, FEDERAL DEBT
COLLECTION PROCEDURE, AND
• FED.R.CIV.P. 4(j) UNDER TITLE 28 USC §1608,MAKING THE COURTS
“FOREIGN STATES” TO THE PEOPLE BY CONGRESSIONAL MANDATE"IT IS
THE DUTY OF THE COURT TO DECLARE THE MEANING OF WHAT IS
WRITTEN, AND NOT WHAT WAS INTENDED TO BE WRITTEN. J.W.
Seavey Hop Corp. v. Pollock, 20 Wn.2d 337,348-49, 147 P.2d 310 (1944), cited
with approval in Berg v. Hudesman, 115 Wn2d at 669.

COMES NOW, Petitioner, _Yanell T. Miller giving

JUDICIAL NOTICE, that the Plaintiff / Court lacks jurisdiction to hear, convict, or bring any case against
this Petitioner under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 4(j),12(b)(1), (2), (3), (4), (5) & (6) as well as the
4th, 5th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 14th amendments of the Constitution, whereby Petitioner is not subject to a
Foreign State.
COMES NOW, Petitioner, ___YANELL T. MILLER, giving JUDICIAL NOTICE, that the PLAINTIFF(s)
CITI BANK N.A., SELIP & STYLIANOU, LLP, ABBEY SANKER, JOHN ERIN McCABE ,CITY
COURT OF CITY OF MIDDLETOWN, COUNTY OF ORANGE lacked jurisdiction to convict, hear or
bring any case against this Petitioner under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 4(j), 12(b)(1), (2), (3), (6) as
well as the 4th, 5th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 14th amendments of the Constitution, whereby Petitioner is not
subject to a Foreign State.

ISSUE ONE:
OATH OF OFFICE MAKES PUBLIC OFFICIALS “FOREIGN”

1. Those holding Federal or State public office, county or municipal office, under the Legislative, Executive or
Judicial branch, including Court Officials, Judges, Prosecutors, Law Enforcement Department employees, Officers
of the Court, and etc., before entering into these public offices, are required by the U.S. Constitution and statutory
law to comply with Title 5 USC, Sec. §3331, “Oath of office.” State Officials are also required to meet this same
obligation, according to State Constitutions and State statutory law.
2. All oaths of office come under 22 CFR, Foreign Relations, Sections §§92.12 – 92.30, and all who hold public
office come under Title 8 USC, Section §1481 “Loss of nationality by native-born or naturalized citizen; voluntary
action; burden of proof; presumptions.”
3. Under Title 22 USC, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, Section §611, a Public Official is considered a foreign
agent. In order to hold public office, the candidate must file a true and complete registration statement with the
State Attorney General as a foreign principle.
4. The Oath of Office requires the public official in his / her foreign state capacity to uphold the constitutional form
of government or face consequences.
Title 10 USC, Sec. §333, “Interference with State and Federal law”
The President, by using the militia or the armed forces, or both, or by any other means, shall take such measures as
he considers necessary to suppress, in a State, any insurrection, domestic violence, unlawful combination, or
conspiracy, if it—
(1) so hinders the execution of the laws of that State, and of the United States within the State, that any part or class
of its people is deprived of a right, privilege, immunity, or protection named in the Constitution and secured by law,
and the constituted authorities of that State are unable, fail, or refuse to protect that right, privilege, or immunity, or
to give that protection; or (2) opposes or obstructs the execution of the laws of the United States or impedes the
course of justice under those laws.
In any situation covered by clause (1), the State shall be considered to have denied the equal protection of the laws
secured by the Constitution.
5. Such willful action, while serving in official capacity, violates Title 18 USC, Section §1918:
Title 18 USC, Section §1918 “Disloyalty and asserting the right to strike against the government”
Whoever violates the provision of 7311 of title 5 that an individual may not accept or hold a
position in the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia if
he—
• advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government; (2) is a member of an
organization that he knows advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government;
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year and a day, or both.
And also deprives claimants of “honest services:
Title 18, Section §1346. Definition of “scheme or artifice to defraud”
“For the purposes of this chapter, the term “scheme or artifice to defraud” includes a scheme or artifice to
deprive another of the intangible right of honest services.
 ISSUE TWO:
JUDGE SERVES AS A DEBT COLLECTOR

6. Judges hold public office under Title 28 USC, Chapter 176, Federal Debt Collection Procedure:
Title 28, Chapter 176, Federal Debt Collection Procedure, Section §3002
As used in this chapter:
(2) “Court” means any court created by the Congress of the United States, excluding the United States Tax Court.
(3) “Debt” means—
(A) an amount that is owing to the United States on account of a direct loan, or loan insured or guaranteed, by the
United States; or (B) an amount that is owing to the United States on account of a fee, duty, lease, rent, service, sale
of real or personal property, overpayment, fine, assessment, penalty, restitution, damages, interest, tax, bail bond
forfeiture, reimbursement, recovery of a cost incurred by the United States, or other source of indebtedness to the
United States, but that is not owing under the terms of a contract originally entered into by only persons other than
the United States;
(8) “Judgment” means a judgment, order, or decree entered in favor of the United States in a court and
arising from a civil or criminal proceeding regarding a debt. (15) “United States” means—
(A) a Federal corporation; (B) an agency, department, commission, board, or other entity of the United
States; or (C) an instrumentality of the United States.
7. Title 22 USC, Sec. §286. “Acceptance of membership by United States in International Monetary Fund,” states
the following:
The President is hereby authorized to accept membership for the United States in the International Monetary Fund
(hereinafter referred to as the “Fund”), and in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(hereinafter referred to as the “Bank”), provided for by the Articles of Agreement of the Fund and the Articles of
Agreement of the Bank as set forth in the Final Act of the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference dated
July 22, 1944, and deposited in the archives of the Department of State.
8. Title 22 USC, Sec. § 286e-13, “Approval of fund pledge to sell gold to provide resources for Reserve Account of
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust,” states the following:
The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to instruct the Fund’s pledge to sell, if needed, up to 3,000,000 ounces of
the Fund’s gold, to restore the resources of the Reserve Account of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility
Trust to a level that would be sufficient to meet obligations of the Trust payable to lenders which have made loans to
the Loan Account of the Trust that have been used for the purpose of financing programs to Fund members
previously in arrears to the Fund.
ISSUE THREE:
NO IMMUNITY UNDER “COMMERCE”

9. All immunity of the United States, and all liability of States, instrumentalities of States, and State officials have
been waived under commerce, according to the following US Codes:

Title 15 USC, Commerce, Sec. §1122, “Liability of States, instrumentalities of States, and State officials”
(a) Waiver of sovereign immunity by the United States. The United States, all agencies and instrumentalities thereof,
and all individuals, firms, corporations, other persons acting for the United States and with the authorization and
consent of the United States, shall not be immune from suit in Federal or State court by any person, including any
governmental or nongovernmental entity, for any violation under this Act. (b) Waiver of sovereign immunity by
States. Any State, instrumentality of a State or any officer or employee of a State or instrumentality of a State acting
in his or her official capacity, shall not be immune, under the eleventh amendment of the Constitution of the United
States or under any other doctrine of sovereign immunity, from suit in Federal court by any person, including any
governmental or nongovernmental entity for any violation under this Act.
(b) Title 42 USC, Sec. §12202, “State immunity” A State shall not be immune under the eleventh amendment to the
Constitution of the United States from an action in Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction for a violation of
this chapter. In any action against a State for a violation of the requirements of this chapter, remedies (including
remedies both at law and in equity) are available for such a violation to the same extent as such remedies are
available for such a violation in an action against any public or private entity other than a State
(c) Title 42 USC, Sec. §2000d–7, “Civil rights remedies equalization” (a) General provision (1) A State shall not be
immune under the Eleventh Amendment of the Constitution of the United States from suit in Federal court for a
violation of section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 [29 U.S.C. 794], title IX of the Education Amendments of
1972 [20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.], the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 [42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.], title VI of the Civil
Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.], or the provisions of any other Federal statute prohibiting
discrimination by recipients of Federal financial assistance. (2) In a suit against a State for a violation of a statute
referred to in paragraph (1), remedies (including remedies both at law and in equity) are available for such a
violation to the same extent as such remedies are available for such a violation in the suit against any public or
private entity other than a State.
10. The Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 gives immunity in Administrative Court to the Administrative Law
Judge (ALJ) only when an action is brought by the people against a public, agency or corporate official /
department. Under Title 5 USC, Commerce, public offices or officials can be sanctioned.
Title 5, USC, Sec. §551:
(10) “sanction” includes the whole or a part of an agency—
(A) prohibition, requirement, limitation, or other condition affecting the freedom of a person;(B)
withholding of relief;(C) imposition of penalty or fine;(D) destruction, taking, seizure, or
withholding of property;€ assessment of damages, reimbursement, restitution, compensation,
costs, charges, or fees;(F) requirement, revocation, or suspension of a license; or (G) taking other
compulsory or restrictive action;
11. Justice is required to be BLIND while holding a SET OF SCALES and a TWO EDGED SWORD. This
symbolizes true justice. The Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 (60 stat 237) would allow the sword to cut in
either direction and give the judge Immunity by holding his own court office accountable for honest service fraud,
obstruction of justice, false statements, malicious prosecution and fraud placed upon the court. Any willful intent to
uncover the EYES OF JUSTICE or TILT THE SCALES is a willful intent to deny Due Process, which violates Title
18 USC §1346, “Scheme or Artifice to Defraud,” by perpetrating a scheme or artifice to deprive another of the
intangible right of honest services. This is considered fraud and an overthrow of a constitutional form of
government and the person depriving the honest service can be held accountable and face punishment under Title 18
USC and Title 42 USC and violates Title 28 USC judicial procedures.
12. Both Title 18 USC, Crime and Criminal Procedure, and Title 42 USC, Public Health and Welfare, allow the
Petitioner to bring an action against the United States and/or the State agencies, departments, and employees for
civil rights violations while dealing in commerce. Title 10 places all public officials under this Title10 section 333
while under a state of emergency. (Declare or undeclared War this fall under TWEA.)
ISSUE FOUR:
COURTS OPERATING UNDER WAR POWERS ACT

13. The Courts are operating under the Emergency War Powers Act. The country has been under a declared “state
of emergency” for the past 70 years resulting in the Constitution being suspended (See Title 50 USC Appendix –
Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917). The Courts have been misusing Title 50 USC, Sec. §23, “Jurisdiction of
United States courts and judges,” which provides for criminal jurisdiction over an “enemy of the state,” whereas,
Petitioner comes under Title 50 USC Appendix Application Sec. §21, “Claims of naturalized citizens as affected
by expatriation” which states the following:

The claim of any naturalized American citizen under the provisions of this Act [sections 1 to 6, 7 to 39, and
41 to 44 of this Appendix] shall not be denied on the ground of any presumption of expatriation which
has arisen against him, under the second sentence of section 2 of the Act entitled “An Act in reference to
the expatriation of citizens and their protection abroad,” approved March 2, 1907, if he shall give
satisfactory evidence to the President, or the court, as the case may be, of his uninterrupted loyalty to the
United States during his absence, and that he has returned to the United States, or that he, although desiring
to return, has been prevented from so returning by circumstances beyond his control.
14. 15 Statutes at Large, Chapter 249 (section 1), enacted July 27 1868, states the following:
PREAMBLE – Rights of American citizens in foreign states. WHEREAS the right of expatriation is a
natural and inherent right of all people, indispensable to the enjoyment of the rights of life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness; and whereas in the recognition of this principle this government has freely received
emigrants from all nations, and invested them with the rights of citizenship; and whereas it is claimed that
such American citizens, with their descendants, are subjects of foreign states, owing allegiance to the
governments thereof; and whereas it is necessary to the maintenance of public peace that this claim of
foreign allegiance should be promptly and finally disavowed.
SECTION I – Right of expatriation declared. THEREFORE, Be it enacted by the Senate of the and House
of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That any declaration,
instruction, opinion, order, or decision of any officers of this government which denies, restricts, impairs, or
questions the right of expatriation, is hereby declared inconsistent with the fundamental principles of this
government.
SECTION II – Protection to naturalized citizens in foreign states. And it is further enacted, That all
naturalized citizens of the United States, while in foreign states, shall be entitled to, and shall receive from
this government, the same protection of persons and property that is accorded to native born citizens in like
situations and circumstances.
SECTION III – Release of citizens imprisoned by foreign governments to be demanded. And it is further
enacted, That whenever it shall be made known to the President that any citizen of the United States has
been unjustly deprived of his liberty by or under the authority of any foreign government, it shall be the
duty of the President forthwith to demand of that government the reasons for such imprisonment, and if it
appears to be wrongful and in the violation of the rights of American citizenship, the President shall
forthwith demand the release of such citizen, and if the release so demanded is unreasonably delayed or
refused, it shall be the duty of the President to use such means, not amounting to acts of war, as he may
think necessary and proper to obtain or effectuate such release, and all the facts and proceedings relative
thereto shall as soon as practicable be communicated by the President to Congress.
Approved, July 27, 1868
15. The Courts and the States are enforcing the following code on American nationals: Title 50 USC Appendix
App, Trading, Act, Sec. §4, “Licenses to enemy or ally of enemy insurance or reinsurance companies; change of
name; doing business in United States,” as a result of the passage of The Amendatory Act of March 9, 1933 to Title
50 USC, Trading with the Enemy Act Public Law No. 65-91 (40 Stat. L. 411) October 6, 1917. The original Trading
with the Enemy Act excluded the people of the United States from being classified as the enemy when involved in
transactions wholly within the United States. The Amendatory Act of March 9, 1933, however, included the people
of the United States as the enemy, by incorporating the following language into the Trading With The Enemy Act:
“by any person within the United States.” The abuses perpetrated upon the American people are the result of Title
50 USC, Trading With The Enemy Act, which turned the American people into “enemy of the state.”
ISSUE FIVE:
LANGUAGE NOT CLARIFIED

16. Clarification of language: the State of __NEW YORK/ ORANGE COUNTY, CITY COURTS, has failed to
state the meaning or clarify the definition of words. The Petitioner places before the Court legal definitions and
terms, along with NOTICE OF FOREIGN STATE STATUS OF THE COURT. This court, pursuant to the Federal
Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) Rule 4(j), is, in fact and at law, a FOREIGN STATE as defined in Title 28 USC
§1602, et. Seq., the FOREIGN SOVEREIGN IMMUNITIES ACT of 1976, Pub. L. 94-583 (hereafter FSIA), and,
therefore, lacks jurisdiction in the above captioned case. The above-mentioned “real party in interest” hereby
demands full disclosure of the true and limited jurisdiction of this court. Any such failure violates 18 USC §1001,
§1505, and §2331. This now violates the PATRIOT ACT, Section 800, Domestic terrorism.
17. There are three different and distinct forms of the “United States” as revealed by this case law:
“The high Court confirmed that the term "United States" can and does mean three completely different
things, depending on the context.” Hooven & Allison Co. vs. Evatt, 324 U.S. 652 (1945) & United States
v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876) & United States v. Bevans, 16 U.S. 3 Wheat. 336 336 (1818)
The Court and its officers have failed to state which United States they represent, since they can represent only one,
and it’s under Federal Debt Collection Procedure, as a corporation, the United States has no jurisdiction over the
Petitioner. As an American national and as a belligerent claimant, Petitioner hereby asserts the right of immunity
inherent in the 11th amendment: “The judicial power shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity,
commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens of any Foreign
State.” This court, by definition is a FOREIGN STATE, and is misusing the name of this Sovereign American by
placing Petitioner’s name in all capital letters, as well as by using Petitioner’s last name to construe Petitioner
erroneously, as a “person” which is a “term of art” meaning: a creature of the law, an artificial being, and a
CORPORATION or ens leg-is:
“Ens Legis. L. Lat. A creature of the law; an artificial being, as contrasted with a natural person. Applied to
corporations, considered as deriving their existence entirely from the law.” — Blacks Law Dictionary, 4 th Edition,
1951.
18. All complaints and suits against such CORPORATION, or ens leg-is, fall under the aforementioned FSIA and
service of process must therefore be made by the clerk of the court, under Section 1608(a)(4) of Title 28 USC, 63
Stat. 111, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2658) [42 FR 6367, Feb. 2, 1977, as amended at 63 FR 16687, Apr. 6, 1998], to the
Director of the Office of Special Consular Services in the Bureau of Consular Affairs, Department of State, in
Washington, D.C., exclusively, pursuant to 22 CFR §93.1 and §93.2. A copy of the FSIA must be filed with the
complaint along with “a certified copy of the diplomatic note of transmittal,” and, “the certification shall state the
date and place the documents were delivered.” The foregoing must be served upon the Chief Executive Officer and
upon the Registered Agent of the designated CORPORATION or FOREIGN STATE.
19. MUNICIPAL, COUNTY, or STATE COURTS lack jurisdiction to hear any case since they fall under the
definition of FOREIGN STATE, and under all related definitions below. Said jurisdiction lies with the “district
court of the United States,” established by Congress in the states under Article III of the Constitution, which are
“constitutional courts” and do not include the territorial courts created under Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2, which
are “legislative” courts. Hornbuckle v. Toombs, 85 U.S. 648, 21 L.Ed. 966 (1873), (See Title 28 USC, Rule 1101),
exclusively, under the FSIA Statutes pursuant to 28 USC §1330.
20. It is an undisputed, conclusive presumption that the above-mentioned real party in interest is a not a
CORPORATION, and, further, is not registered with any Secretary of State as a CORPORATION. Pursuant to Rule
12(b)(6), the Prosecuting Attorney [ADJUST THE LANGUAGE FOR YOUR PARTICULAR CASE] has failed
to state a claim for which relief can be granted to the Petitioner. This is a FATAL DEFECT, and, therefore, the
instant case and all related matters must be DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE for lack of in personal, territorial, and
subject matter jurisdiction, as well as for improper Venue, as well as pursuant to the 11 th amendment Foreign State
Immunity.
21. Moreover, the process in the above-captioned case is not “regular on its face.” Regular on its Face – “Process is
said to be “regular on its face” when it proceeds from the court, officer, or body having authority of law to issue
process of that nature, and which is legal in form, and contains nothing to notify, or fairly apprise any one that it is
issued without authority.”
TABLE OF DEFINITIONS
Foreign Court
The courts of a foreign state or nation. In the United States, this term is frequently applied to the courts of one of the
States when their judgment or records are introduced in the courts of another.
Foreign jurisdiction
Any jurisdiction foreign to that of the forum; e.g., a sister state or another country. Also, the exercise by a state or
nation jurisdiction beyond its own territory. Long-arm service of process is a form of such foreign or extraterritorial
jurisdiction
Foreign laws
The laws of a foreign country, or of a sister state. In conflicts of law, the legal principles of jurisprudence which are
part of the law of a sister state or nation. Foreign laws are additions to our own laws, and in that respect are called
“jus receptum.”
Foreign corporation
A corporation doing business in one State though chartered or incorporated in another state is a foreign corporation
as to the first state, and, as such, is required to consent to certain conditions and restrictions in order to do business
in such first state. Under federal tax laws, a foreign corporation is one which is not organized under the law of one
of the States or Territories of the United States. I.R.C. § 7701 (a) (5). Service of process on foreign corporation is
governed by the Fed. R. Civ. P. 4 See also Corporation.
Foreign service of process
Service of process for the acquisition of jurisdiction by a court in the United States upon a person in a foreign
country is prescribed by Fed R. Civ. P. 4 (i) and 28 U.S.C.A. § 1608. Service of process on foreign corporations is
governed by Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(d) (3).
Foreign states
Nations which are outside the United States. Term may also refer to another state; i.e. a sister state.
Foreign immunity
With respect to jurisdictional immunity of foreign states, see 28 USC, Sec. §1602 et seq. Title 8 USC, Chapter 12,
Subchapter I, Sec. §1101(14) The term “foreign state” includes outlying possessions of a foreign state, but self-
governing dominions or territories under mandate or trusteeship shall be regarded as separate foreign states.
Profiteering
Taking advantage of unusual or exceptional circumstance to make excessive profit; e.g. selling of scarce or essential
goods at inflated price during time of emergency or war.
Person
In general usage, a human being (i.e. natural person) though by statute the term may include a firm, labor
organizations, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representative, trusts, trustees in bankruptcy, or
receivers. National Labor Relations Act, §2(1). Definition of the term “person” under Title 26, Subtitle F, Chapter
75, Subchapter D, Sec. Sec. §7343 The term “person” as used in this chapter includes an officer or employee of a
corporation, or a member or employee of a partnership, who as such officer, employee or member is under a duty to
perform the act in respect of which the violation occurs. A corporation is a ”person” within the meaning of equal
protection and due process provisions of the United States Constitution.
Tertius intervenes
A third party intervening; a third party who comes between the parties to a suit; one who inter-pleads. Gilbert’s
Forum Romanum. 47.
Writ of error coram nobis
A common-law writ, the purpose of which is to correct a judgment in the same court in which it was rendered, on
the ground of error of fact, for which it was statutes provides no other remedy, which fact did not appear of record,
or was unknown to the court when judgment was pronounced, and which, if known would have prevented the
judgment, and which was unknown, and could of reasonable diligence in time to have been otherwise presented to
the court, unless he was prevented from so presenting them by duress, fear, or other sufficient cause.”A writ of error
coram nobis is a common-law writ of ancient origin devised by the judiciary, which constitutes a remedy for setting
aside a judgment which for a valid reason should never have been rendered.” 24 C.J.S., Criminal Law. § 1610
(2004).“The principal function of the writ of error coram nobis is to afford to the court in which an action was
tried an opportunity to correct its own record with reference to a vital fact not known when the judgment was
rendered, and which could not have been presented by a motion for a new trial, appeal or other existing statutory
proceeding.” Black’s Law Dictionary., 3rd ed., p. 1861; 24 C.J.S., Criminal Law, § 1606 b., p. 145; Ford v.
Commonwealth, 312 Ky. 718, 229 S.W.2d 470.At common law in England, it issued from the Court of Kings Bench
to a judgment of that court. Its principal aim is to afford the court in which an action was tried an opportunity to
correct its own record with reference to a vital fact not known when the judgment was rendered. It is also said that at
common law it lay to correct purely ministerial errors of the officers of the court. Furthermore, the above-mentioned
“real party in interest” demands the strict adherence to Article IV, section one of the National Constitution so that in
all matters before this court, the Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and
judicial Proceedings of every other State; and to Article IV of the Articles of Confederation, still in force pursuant to
Article VI of the National Constitution, so that “Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these States to the
records, acts, and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other State,” selective incorporation
notwithstanding. The lex domicilii shall also depend upon the Natural Domicile of the above-mentioned “real party
in interest.” The lex domicilii, involves the “law of the domicile” in the Conflict of Laws. Conflict is the branch of
public law regulating all lawsuits involving a “foreign” law element where a difference in result will occur
depending on which laws are applied.

DECLARATION OF STATUS AND RIGHT OF AVOIDANCE

The above-mentioned “real party in interest” hereby declares the status of a “foreign state” as defined in 28 USC
1331(b)(1), as “a separate legal person, corporate or otherwise,” (in the instant case, “otherwise”), (b)(2), “an organ
(a vital part) of a foreign state” and (b)(3), “neither a citizen of a State of the United States as defined in section
1332(c)” (a corporation, an insurer, or the legal representative of a decedent, an infant or an incompetent), “nor
created under the laws of any third country.” Furthermore, the above-mentioned “real party in interest” is not an
artificial, corporate “person” as defined and created by PUBLIC STATUTES, and is not a juristic person which may
be “affected” by PUBLIC STATUTES; but, is invested with and bears the status, condition and character of “a
sovereign without subjects.” The above-mentioned “real party in interest” is always and at all times present in his
[her] “asylum home state,” which is “the common case of the place of birth, domicilium origins,” also referred to as
Natural Domicile, which is “the same as domicile of origin or domicile by birth,” (See Johnson v. Twenty-One
Bales, 13 Fed.Cas. 863; Black’s Law Dictionary, 4th edition), which is the source and the seat of his [her]
sovereignty and immunity. Accordingly, the above-mentioned “real party in interest” exercises his [her] Right of
Avoidance and hereby rejects the offered commercial venture and declines to fuse with or to animate the above-
mentioned Defendant in Error, or to stand as STRAW-MAN [PERSON], which is defined in Barron’s Law
Dictionary, 4th edition, (1996), as “a term referred to in commercial and property contexts when a transfer is made to
a third party, the straw-man [person], simply for the purpose of retransferring to the transferrer in order to
accomplish some purpose not otherwise permitted,” i.e., obtaining jurisdiction over the above-mentioned “real party
in interest” or relying upon the rebuttable presumption that the above-mentioned “real party in interest” is a
corporation. The definition also contains the admonition to “See dummy,” which, at that entry is therein defined as
“a straw-man; a sham.” The above-mentioned party is, NOT a straw-man, NOT a sham, and is certainly NOT a
dummy. This DECLARATION OF STATUS constitutes a conclusive presumption, of which the court is bound to
take NOTICE, that the “real party in interest” is NOT a corporation; and, the court can exercise no jurisdiction
whatsoever over the “real party in interest” or in the above-captioned case, but is duty-bound according to the due
process of the law, to which the above-mentioned “real party in interest” is a belligerent claimant, and by the Rule of
Law to DISMISS [OR REVERSE] it.

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES – PERSON

“This word ‘person’ and its scope and bearing in the law, involving, as it does, legal fictions and also apparently
natural beings, it is difficult to understand; but it is absolutely necessary to grasp, at whatever cost, a true and proper
understanding to the word in all the phases of its proper use . . . A person is here not a physical or individual person,
but the status or condition with which he is invested . . . not an individual or physical person, but the status,
condition or character borne by physical persons . . . The law of persons is the law of status or condition." --
American Law and Procedure, Vol. 13, page 137, 1910.
The following case citation declares the undisputed distinction in fact and at law of the distinction between the term
“persons,” which is the plural form of the term “person,” and the word “People” which is NOT the plural form of the
term “person.” The above-mentioned “real party in interest” is NOT a subordinate “person,” “subject,” or “agent,”
but is a “constituent,” in whom sovereignty abides, a member of the “Posterity of We, the People,” in whom
sovereignty resides, and from whom the government has emanated: “The sovereignty of a state does not reside in the
persons who fill the different departments of its government, but in the People, from whom the government
emanated; and they may change it at their discretion. Sovereignty, then in this country, abides with the constituency,
and not with the agent; and this remark is true, both in reference to the federal and state government.” (Persons are
not People).—Spooner v. McConnell, 22 F 939, 943: “Our government is founded upon compact. Sovereignty was,
and is, in the people” –Glass v. Sloop Betsey, supreme Court, 1794. “People of a state are entitled to all rights which
formerly belong to the King, by his prerogative.” –supreme Court, Lansing v. Smith, 1829. “The United States, as a
whole, emanates from the people … The people, in their capacity as sovereigns, made and adopted the Constitution
…” –supreme Court, 4 Wheat 402. “The governments are but trustees acting under derived authority and have no
power to delegate what is not delegated to them. But the people, as the original fountain might take away what they
have delegated and entrust to whom they please. … The sovereignty in every state resides in the people of the state
and they may alter and change their form of government at their own pleasure.” –Luther v. Borden, 48 US 1, 12 Led
581. “While sovereign powers are delegated to … the government, sovereignty itself remains with the people” --
Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, page 370. “There is no such thing as a power of inherent sovereignty in the
government of the United States …. In this country sovereignty resides in the people, and Congress can exercise no
power which they have not, by their Constitution entrusted to it: All else is withheld.” – Julliard v. Greenman, 110
U.S. 421. “In common usage, the term ‘person’ does not include the sovereign, and statutes employing the word are
ordinarily construed to exclude it.” – Wilson v. Omaha Indian Tribe 442 US 653, 667 (1979). “Since in common
usage the term ‘person’ does not include the sovereign, statutes employing that term are ordinarily construed to
exclude it.” – U.S. v. Cooper, 312 US 600,604, 61 SCt 742 (1941). “In common usage, the term ‘person’ does not
include the sovereign and statutes employing it will ordinarily not be construed to do so.” – U.S. v. United Mine
Workers of America, 330 U.S. 258, 67 SCt 677 (1947). “Since in common usage, the term ‘person’ does not include
the sovereign, statutes employing the phrase are ordinarily construed to exclude it.” – US v. Fox 94 US 315. “In
common usage the word ‘person’ does not include the sovereign, and statutes employing the word are generally
construed to exclude the sovereign.” – U.S. v. General Motors Corporation, D.C. Ill, 2 F.R.D. 528, 530: The
following two case citations declare the undisputed doctrine, in fact and at law, that the word (term of art) “person”
is a “general word,” and that the “people,” of whom the above-mentioned “real party in interest” is one, “are NOT
bound by general words in statutes.” Therefore, statutes do not apply to, operate upon or affect the above-mentioned
“real party in interest:” “The word `person’ in legal terminology is perceived as a general word which normally
includes in its scope a variety of entities other than human beings., --Church of Scientology v. US Department of
Justice 612 F2d 417, 425 (1979). “The people, or sovereign are not bound by general words in statutes,
restrictive of prerogative right, title or interest, unless expressly named. Acts of limitation do not bind the King or
the people. The people have been ceded all the rights of the King, the former sovereign … It is a maxim of the
common law, that when an act is made for the common good and to prevent injury, the King shall be bound, though
not named, but when a statute is general and prerogative right would be divested or taken from the King (or the
People) he shall not be bound.” – The People v. Herkimer, 4 Cowen (NY) 345, 348 (1825): “In the United States,
sovereignty resides in people.” –Perry v. U.S. (294 US 330). “A Sovereign is exempt from suit, not because of any
formal conception or obsolete theory, but on the logical and practical ground that there can be no legal Right as
against the authority that makes the law on which the Right depends.” –Kawananakoa v. Polyblank, 205 U.S. 349,
353, 27 S. Ct. 526, 527, 51 L. Ed. 834 (1907).

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—LACK OF SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION

In a court of limited jurisdiction, whenever a party denies that the court has subject-matter jurisdiction, it becomes
the duty and the burden of the party claiming that the court has subject matter jurisdiction to provide evidence from
the record of the case that the court holds subject-matter jurisdiction. Bindell v City of Harvey, 212 Ill.App.3d 1042,
571 N.E.2d 1017 (1st Dist. 1991) (“the burden of proving jurisdiction rests upon the party asserting it.”). Until the
plaintiff submits uncontroversial evidence of subject-matter jurisdiction to the court that the court has subject-matter
jurisdiction, the court is proceeding without subject-matter jurisdiction. Loos v American Energy Savers, Inc., 168
Ill.App.3d 558, 522 N.E.2d 841(1988)(“Where jurisdiction is contested, the burden of establishing it rests upon the
plaintiff.”). The law places the duty and burden of subject-matter jurisdiction upon the plaintiff. Should the court
attempt to place the burden upon the defendant, the court has acted against the law, violates the defendant’s due
process rights, and the judge under court decisions has immediately lost subject-matter jurisdiction. In a court of
limited jurisdiction, the court must proceed exactly according to the law or statute under which it operates. Flake v
Pretzel, 381 Ill. 498, 46 N.E.2d 375 (1943) (“the actions, being statutory proceedings, …were void for want of
power to make them.”) (“The judgments were based on orders which were void because the court exceeded its
jurisdiction in entering them. Where a court, after acquiring jurisdiction of a subject matter, as here, transcends the
limits of the jurisdiction conferred, its judgment is void.”); Armstrong v Obucino, 300 Ill. 140, 143, 133 N.E. 58
(1921) (“The doctrine that where a court has once acquired jurisdiction it has a right to decide every question which
arises in the cause, and its judgment or decree, however erroneous, cannot be collaterally assailed, is only correct
when the court proceeds according to the established modes governing the class to which the case belongs and does
not transcend in the extent and character of its judgment or decree the law or statute which is applicable to it.” In
Interest of M.V., 288 Ill.App.3d 300, 681 N.E.2d 532 (1st Dist. 1997) (“Where a court’s power to act is controlled by
statute, the court is governed by the rules of limited jurisdiction, and courts exercising jurisdiction over such matters
must proceed within the strictures of the statute.”); In re Marriage of Milliken, 199 Ill.App.3d 813, 557 N.E.2d 591
(1st Dist. 1990) (“The jurisdiction of a court in a dissolution proceeding is limited to that conferred by statute.”);
Vulcan Materials Co. v. Bee Const. Co., Inc., 101 Ill.App.3d 30, 40, 427 N.E.2d 797 (1st Dist. 1981) (“Though a
court be one of general jurisdiction, when its power to act on a particular matter is controlled by statute, the court is
governed by the rules of limited jurisdiction.”). “There is no discretion to ignore that lack of jurisdiction.” Joyce v.
US, 474 F2d 215. “A universal principle as old as the law is that a proceedings of a court without jurisdiction are a
nullity and its judgment therein without effect either on person or property.” Norwood v. Renfield, 34 C 329; Ex
parte Giambonini, 49 P. 732. “Jurisdiction is fundamental and a judgment rendered by a court that does not have
jurisdiction to hear is void ab initio.” In Re Application of Wyatt, 300 P. 132; Re Cavitt, 118 P2d 846. “Thus, where
a judicial tribunal has no jurisdiction of the subject matter on which it assumes to act, its proceedings are absolutely
void in the fullest sense of the term.” Dillon v. Dillon, 187 P 27. “A court has no jurisdiction to determine its own
jurisdiction, for a basic issue in any case before a tribunal is its power to act, and a court must have the authority to
decide that question in the first instance.” Rescue Army v. Municipal Court of Los Angeles, 171 P2d 8; 331 US 549,
91 L. ed. 1666, 67 S.Ct. 1409. “A departure by a court from those recognized and established requirements of law,
however close apparent adherence to mere form in method of procedure, which has the effect of depriving one of a
constitutional right, is an excess of jurisdiction.” Wuest v. Wuest, 127 P2d 934, 937. “Where a court failed to
observe safeguards, it amounts to denial of due process of law, court is deprived of juris.” Merritt v. Hunter, C.A.
Kansas 170 F2d 739. “the fact that the petitioner was released on a promise to appear before a magistrate for an
arraignment, that fact is circumstance to be considered in determining whether in first instance there was a probable
cause for the arrest.” Monroe v. Papa, DC, Ill. 1963, 221 F Supp 685. “Jurisdiction, once challenged, is to be proven,
not by the court, but by the party attempting to assert jurisdiction. The burden of proof of jurisdiction lies with the
asserter.” See McNutt v. GMAC, 298 US 178. The origins of this doctrine of law may be found in Maxfield’s
Lessee v. Levy, 4 US 308. “A court has no jurisdiction to determine its own jurisdiction, for a basic issue in any case
before a tribunal is its power to act, and a court must have the authority to decide that question in the first instance.”
Rescue Army v. Municipal Court of Los Angeles, 171 P2d 8; 331 US 549, 91 L. ed. 1666, 67 S.Ct. 1409. “Once
jurisdiction is challenged, the court cannot proceed when it clearly appears that the court lacks jurisdiction, the court
has no authority to reach merits, but, rather, should dismiss the action.” Melo v. US, 505 F2d 1026. “The law
provides that once State and Federal jurisdiction has been challenged, it must be proven.” –Main v. Thiboutot, 100
S. Ct. 2502 (1980). “Once jurisdiction is challenged, it must be proven.” –Hagens v. Lavine, 415 U.S. 533. “Where
there is absence of jurisdiction, all administrative and judicial proceedings are a nullity and confer no right, offer no
protection, and afford no justification, and may be rejected upon direct collateral attack.” –Thompson v. Tolmie, 2
Pet. 157, 7 L.Ed. 381; Griffith v. Frazier, 8 Cr. 9, 3L. Ed. 471.
“No sanctions can be imposed absent proof of jurisdiction.” –Standard v. Olsen, 74 S. Ct. 768; Title 5 U.S.C., Sec.
556 and 558 (b).
“The proponent of the rule has the burden of proof.” –Title 5 U.S.C., Sec. 556 (d). “Jurisdiction can be challenged at
any time, even on final determination.” –Basso v. Utah Power & Light Co., 495 2nd 906 at 910. “Mere good faith
assertions of power and authority (jurisdiction) have been abolished.” –Owens v. The City of Independence, “A
departure by a court from those recognized and established requirements of law, however close apparent adherence
to mere form in method of procedure, which has the effect of depriving one of a constitutional right, is an excess of
jurisdiction.” –Wuest v. Wuest, 127 P2d 934, 937. “In a court of limited jurisdiction, whenever a party denies that
the court has subject-matter jurisdiction, it becomes the duty and the burden of the party claiming that the court has
subject matter jurisdiction to provide evidence from the record of the case that the court holds subject-matter
jurisdiction.” --Bindell v City of Harvey, 212 Ill.App.3d 1042, 571 N.E.2d 1017 (1st Dist. 1991) (“the burden of
proving jurisdiction rests upon the party asserting it.”). “Until the plaintiff submits uncontroversial evidence of
subject-matter jurisdiction to the court that the court has subject-matter jurisdiction, the court is proceeding without
subject-matter jurisdiction.”—Loos v American Energy Savers, Inc., 168 Ill.App.3d 558, 522 N.E.2d 841(1988)
(“Where jurisdiction is contested, the burden of establishing it rests upon the plaintiff.”). The law places the duty
and burden of subject-matter jurisdiction upon the plaintiff. Should the court attempt to place the burden upon the
defendant, the court has acted against the law, violates the defendant’s due process rights, and the judge under court
decisions has immediately lost subject-matter jurisdiction. In a court of limited jurisdiction, the court must proceed
exactly according to the law or statute under which it operates. –Flake v Pretzel, 381 Ill. 498, 46 N.E.2d 375 (1943)
(“the actions, being statutory proceedings, …were void for want of power to make them.”) (“The judgments were
based on orders which were void because the court exceeded its jurisdiction in entering them. Where a court, after
acquiring jurisdiction of a subject matter, as here, transcends the limits of the jurisdiction conferred, its judgment is
void.”); Armstrong v Obucino, 300 Ill. 140, 143, 133 N.E. 58 (1921) “The doctrine that where a court has once
acquired jurisdiction it has a right to decide every question which arises in the cause, and its judgment or decree,
however erroneous, cannot be collaterally assailed, is only correct when the court proceeds according to the
established modes governing the class to which the case belongs and does not transcend in the extent and character
of its judgment or decree the law or statute which is applicable to it.” In Interest of M.V., 288 Ill.App.3d 300, 681
N.E.2d 532 (1st Dist. 1997) (“Where a court’s power to act is controlled by statute, the court is governed by the rules
of limited jurisdiction, and courts exercising jurisdiction over such matters must proceed within the strictures of the
statute.”); In re Marriage of Milliken, 199 Ill.App.3d 813, 557 N.E.2d 591 (1st Dist. 1990) (“The jurisdiction of a
court in a dissolution proceeding is limited to that conferred by statute.”); Vulcan Materials Co. v. Bee Const. Co.,
Inc., 101 Ill.App.3d 30, 40, 427 N.E.2d 797 (1st Dist. 1981) (“Though a court be one of general jurisdiction, when its
power to act on a particular matter is controlled by statute, the court is governed by the rules of limited
jurisdiction.”).

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES – LACK OF JUDICIAL IMMUNITY

Thus, neither Judges nor Government attorneys are above the law. See United States v. Isaacs, 493 F. 2d 1124, 1143
(7th Cir. 1974). In our judicial system, few more serious threats to individual liberty can be imagined than a corrupt
judge or judges acting in collusion outside of their judicial authority with the Executive Branch to deprive a citizen
of his rights. In The Case of the Marshalsea, 77 Eng. Rep. 1027 (K.B. 1613), Sir Edward Coke found that Article 39
of the Magna Carta restricted the power of judges to act outside of their jurisdiction such proceedings would be
void, and actionable.
When a Court has (a) jurisdiction of the cause, and proceeds inverso ordine or erroneously, there the party who sues,
or the officer or minister of the Court who executes the precept or process of the Court, no action lies against them.
But (b) when the Court has not jurisdiction of the cause, there the whole proceeding is before a person who is not a
judge, and actions will lie against them without any regard of the precept or process . . . Id. 77 Eng. Rep. at 1038-41.

A majority of states including Virginia (see, Va. Code §8.01-195.3(3)), followed the English rule to find that a judge
had no immunity from suit for acts outside of his judicial capacity or jurisdiction. Robert Craig Waters, ‘Liability of
Judicial Officers under Section 1983’ 79 Yale L. J. (December 1969), pp. 326-27 and 29-30).

Also as early as 1806, in the United States there were recognized restrictions on the power of judges, as well as the
placing of liability on judges for acts outside of their jurisdiction. In Wise v. Withers, 7 U.S. (3 Cranch) 331 (1806),
the Supreme Court confirmed the right to sue a judge for exercising authority beyond the jurisdiction authorized by
statute.

In Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349 at 360 (1978), the Supreme Court confirmed that a judge would be immune
from suit only if he did not act outside of his judicial capacity and/or was not performing any act expressly
prohibited by statute. See Block, Stump v Sparkman and the History of Judicial Immunity, 4980 Duke L.J. 879
(l980). The Circuit Court overturned this case and the judge was liable.

Judicial immunity may only extend to all judicial acts within the court’s jurisdiction and judicial capacity, but it
does not extend to either criminal acts, or acts outside of official capacity or in the ‘clear absence of all jurisdiction.’
See Stump v. Sparkman 435 U.S. 349 (1978). “When a judge knows that he lacks jurisdiction, or acts in the face of
clearly valid Constitutional provisions or valid statutes expressly depriving him of jurisdiction or judicial capacity,
judicial immunity is lost.” –Rankin v. Howard 633 F.2d 844 (1980), Den Zeller v. Rankin, 101 S.Ct. 2020 (1981).
As stated by the United States Supreme Court in Piper v. Pearson, 2 Gray 120, cited in Bradley v. Fisher, 13 Wall.
335, 20 L.Ed. 646 (1872), ‘where there is no jurisdiction, there can be no discretion, for discretion is incident to
jurisdiction.’ The constitutional requirement of due process of the law is indispensable:”No person shall be held to
answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor
shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in
any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due
process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.” Article V, National
Constitution. “A judgment can be void . . . where the court acts in a manner contrary to due process.” --Am Jur 2d,
§29 Void Judgments, p. 404. “Where a court failed to observe safeguards, it amounts to denial of due process of law,
court is deprived of juris.” –Merritt v. Hunter, C.A. Kansas 170 F2d 739. “Moreover, all proceedings founded on the
void judgment are themselves regarded as invalid.” --Olson v. Leith 71 Wyo. 316, 257 P.2d 342. “In criminal cases,
certain constitutional errors require automatic reversal,” see State v. Schmit, 273 Minn. 78, 88, 139 N.W.2d 800,
807 (1966).

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES – RECIPROCAL IMMUNITY AND FOREIGN AGENT

REGISTRATION

UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IMMUNITIES ACT, PUBLIC LAW 79-291, 29

DECEMBER 1945(Public Law 291-79th Congress) TITLE I Section 2.(b) International organizations, their property
and their assets, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall enjoy the same immunity from suit and every form
of Judicial process as is enjoyed by foreign governments, except to the extent that such organizations may expressly
waive their immunity for the purpose of any proceedings or by the terms of any contract. (d) In so far as concerns
customs duties and internal-revenue taxes imposed upon or by reason of importation, and the procedures in
connexion therewith; the registration of foreign agents; and the treatment of official communications, the privileges,
exemptions, and immunities to which international organizations shall be entitled shall be those accorded under
similar circumstances to foreign governments. Section 9. The privileges, exemptions, and immunities of
international organizations and of their officers and employees, and members of their families, suites, and servants,
provided for in this title, shall be granted notwithstanding the fact that the similar privileges, exemptions, and
immunities granted to a foreign government, its officers, or employees, may be conditioned upon the existence of
reciprocity by that foreign government: Provided, That nothing contained in this title shall be construed as
precluding the Secretary of State from withdrawing the privileges exemptions, and immunities herein provided from
persons who are nationals of any foreign country on the ground that such country is failing to accord corresponding
privileges, exemptions, and immunities to citizens of the United States. Also see 22 USC § 611 – FOREIGN
RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE; and, 22 USC § 612, Registration statement, concerning the absolute
requirement of registration with the Attorney General as a “foreign principal,” due to the undisputed status of the
court and its alleged officers and employees as FOREIGN AGENTS, described supra. This requirement shall be
deemed to include, but is not limited to, an affidavit of non-communist association.

CONCLUSION AND RECTUM ROGARE

WHEREAS, the facts and the law contained herein are before this court; and; WHEREAS, the facts and the law
contained herein are the Truth; and WHEREAS, we hold said Truths to be self-evident; and, WHEREAS, self-
evident Truths are undisputed and incontrovertible, no oral argument is requested, for no words can alter or
overcome these Truths; and, WHEREAS, Truth is Sovereign: She comes from God and bears His message, from
whatever quarter her great eyes may look down upon you; Psalms 117:2; John 8:32; II Corinthians. 13:8;
THEREFORE; this court must perform its duty under the Rule of Law, do Justice, Rectum Rogare, and DISMISS
WITH PREJUDICE [OR REVERSE] the above-captioned case without delay for “Justice delayed is Justice
denied.” Rectum Rogare – “to do right; to petition the judge to do right.” –Black’s Law Dictionary 4 th edition.

AMENDATORY RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF MARCH 11, 1868

An Act to amend the act passed March 23, 1867, entitled “An Act supplementary to ‘An act to provide for the more
efficient government of the rebel states,’ passed March 2, 1867, and to facilitate their restoration.
SUPPLEMENTARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF FORTIETH CONGRESS. An Act supplementary to an act
entitled “An act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel states,” passed March second, eighteen
hundred and sixty-seven, and to facilitate restoration. “ This act created the 14 th amendment federal citizen under
section 3 of the federal constitution. All who hold public office fall under this section as UNITED STATES citizens.
Those who hold office have knowingly and willingly given up their citizenship to this country under Title 8 Section
§1481 to become a foreign state agent under 22 USC. Oath of office to the constitution requires office-holders to
uphold and maintain our Constitutional form of government under the people’s authority. This right was never The
surrendered by the people; failure to do so violates 10 USC §333 and 18 USC §1918, chapter 115 §2382, §2383,
§1505, §1001, §241, §242, 42 USC §1981 & 31 USC §3729 just to name a few.
The Federal Debt Collection Procedure places all courts under equity and commerce and under the International
Monetary Fund. The International Monetary Fund comes under the Uniform Commercial Code under banking and
business interest and Trust laws. This makes the Court / Judges trustee over the trust and responsible whether or not
the Petitioner understands the trust issue. The 1933 bankruptcy act placed all public officials in a fiduciary position
to write off the public debt, since this Nation is not solvent.The TWEA suspended the U.S. Constitution in the court
room, and therefore, the standard American flag in the courtroom was replaced with a military Admiralty flag for
dealing with alien enemy residents. The people never rescinded their nationality to the real united States of America.
Those who hold public office rescinded their nationality to become a foreign agent in order to hold public office.
International law requires the judge to uphold the people’s Constitutional form of government as defined in the
“Federalist Papers”.

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure / Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 2 only allows civil action, and under Rule 17, a
real party of interest has to be present in the courtroom in order for there to be any claims of injury or damages
against “the people.” Any charges under the “UNITED STATES” or “THE STATE OF……..” fall under the TWEA
Section 23. The people are not subject to this jurisdiction as it is a Foreign State jurisdiction. The people hold 11 th
amendment immunity to claims in equity and commerce from a foreign state. The courts lack jurisdiction over the
Petitioner by Congressional mandate. For the aforestated reasons, the Plaintiff / Court lacks jurisdiction under Rule
4(j) & 12(b) (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) over this Petitioner.

The Petitioner YANELL T MILLER now demands this Court to dismiss this matter WITH PREJUDICE.

Adversarial System;

Mack vs. City of Detroit, Chief Justice Cavanagh, No. 118468, 2002.

“The adversarial system ensures the best presentation of arguments and theories because each party is
motivated to succeed. Moreover, the adversarial system attempts to ensure that an active judge refrain from
allowing a preliminary understanding of the issues to improperly influence the final decision. This allows
the judiciary to keep an open mind until the proofs and arguments have been adequately submitted. In spite
of these underlying concerns, the majority today claims that the benefits of full briefing are simply a
formality that can be discarded without care. The majority fails to comprehend how the skilled advocates in
this case could have added anything insightful in the debate over the proper interpretation of a century’s
worth of precedent. Whatever its motivation, the majority undermines the foundations of our adversarial
system.

The Petitioner is covered under Title 18 § 4 Misprision of felony & Title 31 USC §3729 False Claims as Whistle-
blowers.

TITLE 18 > PART I > CHAPTER 1 > § 4 Misprision of felony Whoever, having knowledge of the actual
commission of a felony cognizable by a court of the United States, conceals and does not as soon as possible make
known the same to some judge or other person in civil or military authority under the United States, shall be fined
under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.

TITLE 31 > SUBTITLE III > CHAPTER 37 > SUBCHAPTER III §3729. False claims(a) Liability for Certain
Acts.— Any person who— (1) knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, to an officer or employee of the
United States Government or a member of the Armed Forces of the United States a false or fraudulent claim for
payment or approval;
(2) knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used, a false record or statement to get a false or fraudulent
claim paid or approved by the Government; (3) conspires to defraud the Government by getting a false or fraudulent
claim allowed or paid; TITLE 31 > SUBTITLE III > CHAPTER 37 > SUBCHAPTER III
§3730 Civil actions for false claims(b) Actions by Private Persons.— (1) A person may bring a civil action for a
violation of section 3729 for the person and for the United States Government. The action shall be brought in the
name of the Government. The action may be dismissed only if the court and the Attorney General give written
consent to the dismissal and their reasons for consenting

These are the laws as we know them—clear, precise and written by those with superior knowledge of the law
“LAWYERS”, not the people. The people can not be held accountable if there is a failure to clarify or if its
“incomprehensible, baseless assertions and citations to disjointed and/or irrelevant legal authority, grammatically,
logically and legally incomprehensible, frivolous and unintelligible” or a conflict in the laws. This then goes back to
those “LAWYERS” who created this conflict in law to be held accountable.
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TO AMEND WITHOUT LEAVE OF COURT
WITHOUT PREJUDICE

Submitted this _______ day of _________________________, 2024.

Nunc Pro Tunc
Ab initio
___________________________________[LS]
YANELL T. MILLER
43 HOUSTON AVE
MIDDLETOWN NY , 10940

PROOF OF SERVICE
I, YANELL T MILLER, the Petitioner come with this JUDICIAL NOTICE, NOTICE TO THE
ADMINISTRATIVE COURT, ALL COURTS ARE OPERATING UNDER THE (1) “TRADING WITH THE
ENEMY ACT” AND, (2) TITLE 28 USC, CHAPTER 176 “FEDERAL DEBT COLLECTION
PROCEDURE,” MAKING THE COURTS “FOREIGN STATES” TO THE PEOPLE BY
CONGRESSIONAL MANDATE, being placed before the Clerk of Court of the CITY COURT OF CITY OF
MIDDLETOWN, COUNTY OF ORANGE, STATE OF NEW YORK on this day of ________ and month
of__________________________________ in the year of our Lord 2024 AD.

All rights reserved

Without prejudice
Nunc Pro Tunc
Ab initio
___________________________________[LS]
YANELL T. MILLER
43 HOUSTON AVE
MIDDLETOWN , NY 10940
 IN THE COURT OF

THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA CASE

#_______________________________
FICTITIOUS FOREIGN STATE PLAINTIFF
JUDGE
_________________________________________

Vs
John Doe; Smith
Non-corporate entity
Petitioner
John Doe; Smith
Non-corporate entity
Petitioner
ADMINISTRATIVE NOTICE;
IN THE NATURE OF WRIT OF ERROR
CORAM & DEMAND FOR DISMISSAL
OR
STATEMENT OF PROPER
JURISDICTION

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_
ADMIMISTRATIVE NOTICE;
IN THE NATURE OF WRIT OF ERROR CORAM NOBIS & DEMAND FOR DISMISSAL OR STATE THE
PROPER JURISDICTION

Now comes Petitioner ____________________ a non corporate entity with a ADMINISTRATIVE NOTICE ;IN
THE NATURE OF WRIT OF ERROR CORAM NOBIS & A DEMAND FOR DISMISSAL OR STATE THE
PROPER JURISDICTION. Pursuant to FRCP Rule 4 (j)
This Court is defined under FRCP Rule 4 (j) as a FOREIGN STATE as defined under 28 USC 1602 -1611
FOREIGN SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY ACT (FSIA) is being jurisdictionally challenged and full disclosure of the
true jurisdiction of this Court is now in demand.
Any failure to disclose the true jurisdiction is a violation of 15 Statutes at Large, Chapter 249 (section 1),
enacted July 27 1868 Chap. CCXLIX. ---An Act concerning the Rights of American Citizens in foreign States
Whereas the rights of expatriation is a nature and inherent right of all people, indispensable to the enjoyment
of the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; and whereas in the recognition of this principle this
government has freely received emigrants from all nations, and invested them with the right of citizenship; and
whereas it is claimed that such American citizens, with their descendants, are subjects of foreign states, owing
allegiance to the government thereof; and whereas it is necessary to the maintenance of public peace that this claim
of foreign allegiance should be promptly and finally disavowed; Thereof.
Be it enacted by the Senator and the House of Representatives of the United States of American in Congress
assembled, That any declaration, instruction, opinion, order, or decision, of any officers of is government which
denies., restricts , impairs or questions the rights of expatriation , is hereby declared inconsistent with the
fundamental principles of this government.
As an America Citizen I hold the inherent right of the 11th amendment. The judicial power shall not be construed to
extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted by a Foreign State. If this FOREIGN STATE is
misusing the name of this America Citizen by placing it in all caps or misusing the last name or using the term
“person” as a CORPORATION all complaints and suit against such CORPORATION fall under the FSIA and the
DEPT OF STATE OFFICES in Washington DC. DC now has to be notify pursuant to 22 CFR 93.1 -93.2. A copy of
the FSIA has to be filed with the complaint to the defendant’s chief executive officer of that CORPORATION.
MUNICIPAL, COUNTY, OR STATE COURT lacks jurisdiction to hear any case under the FOREIGN
STATE definitions. This jurisdiction lies with the UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT under the FSIA Statutes
pursuant to 28 USC 1330.
Because the Defendant is a non corporate entity and is not registered with any Secretary of State as a
CORPORATION the Prosecution has FAILED to state a claim to which relief can be granted under 12(b) (6).
Therefore this matter must be dismissed for lack of political, personam, and subject matter jurisdiction, Venue and
under the 11th amendment.
Definitions
Corpus Juris Secundum “The Body of Law” or Legal encyclopedia, Volume 7, Section 4: as quoted:” Attorney
& client: An Attorney’s “first” duty is to the Courts (1st) and the public (2nd) and not to the client (3rd), and wherever
the duties to an attorney’s client “conflict” with those interests that he/she owes his allegiance to, as an officer of the
court in the administration of justice, the former must yield to the latter”. The Biggest problem today is that People
do not know their own rights & blindly entrust their rights to someone else. BLACK‘S LAW DICTIONARY FIFTH
EDITION
Foreign Court The courts of a foreign state or nation. In the United States, this term is frequently applied to the
courts of one of the states when their judgment or records are introduced in the courts of another.
Foreign jurisdiction - Any jurisdiction foreign to that of the forum; e.g. a sister state or another country. Also the
exercise by a state or nation jurisdiction beyond its own territory. Long – arm Service of process is a form of such
foreign or extraterritorial jurisdiction
Foreign laws - The laws of a foreign country, or of a sister state. In conflict of law, the legal principle of
jurisprudence which are part of the law of a sister state or nation. Foreign laws are additions to our own laws, and in
that respect are called “jus receptum”
Foreign corporation - A corporation doing business in one state though chartered or incorporated in another state
is a foreign corporation as to the first state, and, as such, is required to consent to certain conditions and restriction in
order to do business in such first state. Under federal tax laws, a foreign corporation is one which is not organized
under the law of one of the states or territories of the United States. I.R.C. § 7701 (a) (5). Service of process on
foreign corporation is governed by the Fed. R. Civ. P. 4 See also Corporation TITLE 26 – INTERNAL REVENUE
CODE, Subtitle F – Procedure and Administration, CHAPTER 79 – DEFINITIONS Sec. 7701. Definitions (5)
Foreign The term “foreign” when applied to a corporation or partnership means a corporation or partnership which
is not domestic.”
Foreign service of process - Service of process for the acquisition of jurisdiction by a court in the United States
upon a person in a foreign country is prescribed by Fed R. Civ. P. 4 (i) and 28 U.S.C.A. § 1608. Service of process
on foreign corporation is governed by Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(d) (3)
Foreign states - Nations which are outside the United States. Term may also refer to another state; i.e. a sister state.
Foreign immunity - With respect to jurisdiction immunity of foreign nation, see 28 U.S.C.A 1602 et seq.
Profiteering - Taking advantage of unusual or exceptional circumstance to make excessive profit; e.g. selling of
scarce or essential goods at inflated price during time of emergency or war.
Person - In general usage, a human being (i.e. nature person) thought by statute term may include a firm, labor
organizations, partnerships, associations, corporations, ,legal representative, trustees, trustees in bankruptcy ,or
receivers. National Labor Relations act, §2(1).A corporation is a” person” within meaning of equal protection and
due process provisions of United States Constitution.
Writ of error coram nobis - A common-law writ, the purpose of which is to correct a judgment in the same court
in which it was rendered, on the ground of error of fact, for which it was statutes provides no other remedy, which
fact did not appear of record, or was unknown to the court when judgment was pronounced, and which ,if known
would have prevented the judgment, and which was unknown, and could of reasonable diligence in time to have
been otherwise presented to the court, unless he was prevented from so presenting them by duress, fear, or other
sufficient cause.
At common law in England, it issued from the Court of Kings Bench to a judgment of that court. Its
principal aim is to afford the court in which an action was tried and opportunity to correct it own record with
reference to a vital fact not known when the judgment was rendered. It is also said that at common law it lay to
correct purely ministerial errors of the officers of the court.
Without prejudice
All rights reserved
Nunc Pro Tunc
Ab initio
___________________________________[LS]
John Doe; Smith
address

PROOF OF SERVICE
Now comes _______________ with a ADMINISTRATIVE NOTICE; IN THE NATURE OF WRIT OF
ERROR CORAM NOBIS & A DEMAND FOR DISMISSAL OR STATE THE PROPER JURISDICTION. To
be placed before the Clerk of Court of_______________________________________________ and this day of
__________________ and month of____________________in the year of our Lord 2024 AD

Without prejudice
All rights reserved
Nunc Pro Tunc
Ab initio
___________________________________[LS]
John Doe; Smith
Address