Concept Application 11.

13
L The cantilever beam AB supports a uniformly distributed load w
w (Fig. 11.39a). Determine the deflection and slope at A.
Deflection at A. Apply a dummy downward load QA at A
A (Fig. 11.39b) and write
B
L
0U M 0M
(a)
yA 5
0QA
5 #
0
EI 0QA
dx (1)

The bending moment M at a distance x from A is

w
M 5 2QA x 2 21 wx 2 (2)
A and its derivative with respect to QA is
B
L 0M
5 2x (3)
QA 0QA
(b)
Substituting for M and 0M/0QA from Eq. (2) and (3) into Eq. (1) and
making QA 5 0, the deflection at A for the given load is:
w L
wL4
# 1221 wx 2 2 12x2 dx 5 1
1
yA 5
EI 0
8EI
A
B Since the dummy load was directed downward, the positive sign indi-
MA L
cates that 4
(c) wL
yA 5 w
Fig. 11.39 (a) Cantilever beam 8EI
supporting a uniformly distributed load. Slope at A. Apply a dummy counterclockwise couple MA at A
(b) Dummy load QA applied to determine
deflection at A. (c) Dummy load MA
(Fig. 11.39c) and write
applied to determine the slope at A.
0U
uA 5
0MA
Recalling Eq. (11.15),
L L
0 M2 M 0M
uA 5
0MA #
0
2EI
dx 5 #0
EI 0MA
dx (4)

The bending moment M at a distance x from A is

M 5 2MA 2 21wx 2 (5)
and its derivative with respect to MA is
0M
5 21 (6)
0MA
Substituting for M and 0My0MA from Eq. (5) and (6) into Eq. (4) and
making MA 5 0, the slope at A for the given load is:
L
wL3
# 1221 wx 2 2 1212 dx 5 1
1
uA 5
EI 0
6EI
Since the dummy couple was counterclockwise, the positive sign indi-
cates that the angle uA is also counterclockwise:
wL3
uA 5 a
6EI
 Concept Application 11.14
A load P is supported at B by two rods of the same material and the
C same cross-sectional area A (Fig. 11.40a). Determine the horizontal
and vertical deflection of point B.
We apply a dummy horizontal load Q at B (Fig. 11.40b). From
3 Castigliano’s theorem,
4 B 0U 0U
xB 5 yB 5
l 0Q 0P
3
Using Eq. (11.14) to obtain the strain energy for the rods
P
4
F 2BC 1BC2 F 2BD 1BD2
U5 1
2AE 2AE
where FBC and FBD represent the forces in BC and BD, respectively.
D Therefore,
(a) 0U FBC 1BC2 0FBC FBD 1BD2 0FBD
xB 5 5 1 (1)
C 0Q AE 0Q AE 0Q
and
0U FBC 1BC2 0FBC FBD 1BD2 0FBD
3 yB 5 5 1 (2)
0P AE 0P AE 0P
4 B
Q From the free-body diagram of pin B (Fig. 11.40c),
l
3
FBC 5 0.6P 1 0.8Q FBD 5 20.8P 1 0.6Q (3)
P
4
Differentiating these equations with respect to Q and P, write
0FBC 0FBD
5 0.8 5 0.6
0Q 0Q
D 0FBC 0FBD
5 0.6 5 20.8 (4)
0P 0P
(b)
FBC Substituting from Eqs. (3) and (4) into both Eqs. (1) and (2), making
Q 5 0, and noting that BC 5 0.6l and BD 5 0.8l, the horizontal and
3 vertical deflections of point B under the given load P are
4 B
10.6P2 10.6l2 120.8P2 10.8l2
3 Q xB 5 10.82 1 10.62
AE AE
4 Pl
5 20.096
AE
10.6P2 10.6l 2 120.8P2 10.8l 2
10.62 1 120.82
FBD
P yB 5
AE AE
(c) Pl
Fig. 11.40 (a) Frame CBD supporting 5 10.728
AE
vertical load P. (b) Frame CBD with
horizontal dummy load Q applied. Referring to the directions of the loads Q and P, we conclude that
(c) Free-body diagram of joint B for
Pl Pl
finding member forces in terms of xB 5 0.096 z yB 5 0.728 w
loads P and Q. AE AE
We check that the expression found for the vertical deflection of B is
the same as obtained in Concept Application 11.9.
 Concept Application 11.15
w Determine the reactions at the supports for the prismatic beam and
load shown (Fig. 11.41a).
A The beam is statically indeterminate to the first degree. The reac-
B tion at A is redundant and the beam is released from that support. The
L reaction RA is considered to be an unknown load (Fig. 11.41b) and will
(a) be determined under the condition that the deflection yA at A must be
w
zero. By Castigliano’s theorem, yA 5 0Uy0RA, where U is the strain
energy of the beam under the distributed load and the redundant
reaction. Recalling Eq. (11.57),
A
L
0U M 0M
#
yA 5 0 B
yA 5 5 dx (1)
L 0RA 0
EI 0RA
RA The bending moment M for the load of Fig. 11.41b at a distance x
(b) from A is
Fig. 11.41 (a) Beam statically
indeterminate to first degree. M 5 RAx 2 12 wx 2 (2)
(b) Redundant reaction at A and zero
displacement boundary condition. and its derivative with respect to RA is
0M
5x (3)
0RA
Substituting for M and 0M/0RA from Eqs. (2) and (3) into Eq. (1),
write
L
1 RAL3 wL4
# aRAx 2 2 wx 3 b dx 5 a b
1 1
yA 5 2
EI 0
2 EI 3 8
(continued)

Set yA 5 0 and solve for RA:

RA 5 38 wL RA 5 38 wLx
From the conditions of equilibrium for the beam, the reaction at B
consists of the force and couple:
RB 5 58 wLx MB 5 18 wL2 i
 W10  15 Sample Problem 11.6
w  1.8 kips/ft
For the beam and loading shown, determine the deflection at point D.
A B Use E 5 29 3 106 psi.
D
STRATEGY: Add a dummy load associated with the desired vertical
b  7.5 ft
a  4.5 ft deflection at joint D. Use a free-body diagram to determine the reac-
L  12 ft tions due to both the dummy load and the distributed load. The
moments in each segment are then written as a function of the coor-
Q
dinate along the beam. Eq. (11.57) is used to determine the
w deflection.
MODELING and ANALYSIS:
A B
D Castigliano’s Theorem. We introduce a dummy load Q as shown
a b in Fig. 1. Using Castigliano’s theorem and noting that EI is constant,
write
L
M 0M 0M
# EI a 0Q b dx 5 EI # M a 0Q b dx
1
Fig. 1 Dummy load Q used to yD 5 (1)
determine vertical deflection at point D.
The integration will be performed separately for segments AD and DB.
(continued)
 Reactions. Using the free-body diagram of the entire beam (Fig. 2)
wb gives
a  12 b 1
b
wb 1a 1 21 b2
2
Q wb 2 b a
RA 5 1Q x RB 5 1Q x
2L L L L

D Portion AD of Beam. Using the free-body diagram shown in Fig. 3,

A B
a wb 2 0M1
M1 5 RA x 5 a 1 Q bx
b b bx
RA L RB 51
2L L 0Q L
Fig. 2 Free-body diagram of beam.
Substituting into Eq. (1) and integrating from A to D gives
From A to D
a
0M1 R A a 3b
RA x a b dx 5
A M1
#M #
1 1 bx
1 dx 5
EI 0Q EI 0
L 3EIL
V1
RA
x Then substitute for RA and set the dummy load Q equal to zero.
(x  a)
Fig. 3 Free-body diagram
0M1 wa 3b 3
#M
of left portion (in AD). 1
1 dx 5 (2)
EI 0Q 6EIL2
w
From B to D
Portion DB of Beam. Using the free-body diagram shown in Fig. 4,
M2 B the bending moment at a distance v from end B is
V2
wv 2 wb 1a 1 12 b2 wv 2 0M2
5 c 1 Q dv 2
RB a av
v M2 5 RBv 2 51
(v  b)
2 L L 2 0Q L
Fig. 4 Free-body diagram of right portion
(in BD). Substitute into Eq. (1) and integrate from point B (where v 5 0) to
point D (where v 5 b) for

b
0M2 wv 2 av RB ab3 w ab4
# # aRBv 2 b a b dv 5
1 1
M2 dv 5 2
EI 0Q EI 0
2 L 3EIL 8EIL

Substituting for RB and setting Q 5 0,

0M2 wb1a 1 12 b2 ab3 wab4 5a2b4 1 ab5

# dv 5 c d
1
M2 2 5 w (3)
EI 0Q L 3EIL 8EIL 24EIL2

Deflection at Point D. Recalling Eqs. (1), (2), and (3),

wab 3 wab 3 wab 3

yD 5 14a 2
1 5ab 1 b 2
2 5 14a 1 b2 1a 1 b2 5 14a 1 b2
24EIL2 24EIL2 24EIL

From Appendix C, I 5 68.9 in4 for a W10 3 15 beam. Substituting the

numerical values for I, w, a, b, and L, yD 5 0.262 in. T ◀
 Sample Problem 11.7
w

For the uniform beam and loading shown, determine the reactions at
A C the supports.
B

L
L STRATEGY: The beam is indeterminate to the first degree, and we
2
must choose one of the reactions as a redundant. We then use a free-
body diagram to solve for the reactions due to the distributed load and
the redundant reaction. Using free-body diagrams of the segments, we
obtain the moments as a function of the coordinate along the beam.
Using Eq. (11.57), we write Castigliano’s theorem for deflection associ-
ated with the redundant reaction. We set this deflection equal to zero,
and solve for the redundant reaction. Equilibrium can then be used to
find the other reactions.
w
MODELING and ANALYSIS:
A C
B Castigliano’s Theorem. Choose the reaction RA as the redundant
one (Fig. 1). Using Castigliano’s theorem, determine the deflection at
L
RA L 2
A due to the combined action of RA and the distributed load. Since EI
Fig. 1 Released beam, replacing is constant,
support at A with redundant reaction RA .

M 0M 0M
# EI a 0R b dx 5 EI # M 0R
1
yA 5 dx (1)
A A

The integration will be performed separately for portions AB and BC

of the beam. RA is then obtained by setting yA equal to zero.

Free Body: Entire Beam. Using Fig. 2, the reactions at B and C in

terms of RA and the distributed load are

RB 5 94 wL 2 3RA RC 5 2RA 2 34 wL (2)

3
2 wL
L
4
3L
4

A C
B

RA RB RC
L
L 2
Fig. 2 Free-body diagram of beam.
From A to B Portion AB of Beam. Using the free-body diagram shown in Fig. 3,
wx
x
find
2

wx 2 0M1
M1 5 RAx 2 5x
M1
2 0RA
A

V1
RA Substituting into Eq. (1) and integrating from A to B gives
x
(x  L)
L
Fig. 3 Free-body diagram of left 0M wx 3 1 RAL3 wL4
# # aRAx 2 2 b dx 5 a b
1 1
portion showing internal shear and M1 dx 5 2 (3)
moment.
EI 0RA EI 0
2 EI 3 8

From C to B
Portion BC of Beam. Using the free-body diagram shown in Fig. 4, find
v wv
2

wv 2 0M2
M2 5 a2RA 2
3
wLb v 2 5 2v
4 2 0RA
M2 C

V2 RC  2RA  34 wL Substituting into Eq. (1) and integrating from C (where v 5 0) to B

(where v 5 12 L) gives
v
L
(v  2 )
Fig. 4 Free-body diagram of right Ly2
0M2
#M # a4RAv 2 2 wLv 2 2 wv 3 b dv
portion showing internal shear and 1 1 3
2 dv 5
moment. EI 0RA EI 0
2

1 RAL3 wL4 wL4 1 RAL3 5wL4

5 a 2 2 b5 a 2 b (4)
EI 6 16 64 EI 6 64

Reaction at A. Adding the expressions from Eqs. (3) and (4), we

obtain yA and set it equal to zero:

1 RAL3 wL4 1 RAL3 5wL4

yA 5 a 2 b1 a 2 b50
EI 3 8 EI 6 64

13 13
Thus, RA 5 wL RA 5 wLx ◀
32 32

Reactions at B and C. Substituting for RA into Eqs. (2), we obtain

33 wL
RB 5 wLx RC 5 x ◀
32 16