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Philosophy

The document discusses the philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It describes Socrates' use of questioning to expose contradictions in thoughts. For Plato, it focuses on his Theory of Forms which proposed two realms: the material world perceived by senses and the transcendent realm of ideal forms perceived by mind. Aristotle believed universals exist only in instantiated things, differing from Plato's view that they could exist apart from things. The passage also discusses an educational philosophy that aims to develop students intellectually, socially, and emotionally through a dynamic learning environment tailored to individual needs.

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jasmin vallentos
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11 views3 pages

Philosophy

The document discusses the philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It describes Socrates' use of questioning to expose contradictions in thoughts. For Plato, it focuses on his Theory of Forms which proposed two realms: the material world perceived by senses and the transcendent realm of ideal forms perceived by mind. Aristotle believed universals exist only in instantiated things, differing from Plato's view that they could exist apart from things. The passage also discusses an educational philosophy that aims to develop students intellectually, socially, and emotionally through a dynamic learning environment tailored to individual needs.

Uploaded by

jasmin vallentos
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.

Socrates, born in Athens in 470 BC, is often credited as one of the founders of
Western philosophy. The cloud of mystery surrounding his life and
philosophical viewpoints propose a problem; a problem so large that it’s given
a name itself: The Socratic Problem. Since he did not write philosophical
texts, all knowledge related to him is entirely dependent on the writings of
other people of the time period. Works by Plato, Xenophon, Aristotle, and
Aristophanes contain all of the knowledge known about this enigmatic figure.
His largest contribution to philosophy is the Socratic method. The Socratic
method is defined as a form of inquiry and discussion between individuals,
based on asking and answering questions to illuminate ideas. This method is
performed by asking question after question with the purpose of seeking to
expose contradictions in one’s thoughts, guiding him/her to arrive at a solid,
tenable conclusion. The principle underlying the Socratic Method is that
humans learn through the use of reasoning and logic; ultimately finding holes
in their own theories and then patching them up. Instead of supplying
information and facts, a teacher who employs the Socratic method of
instruction poses a series of open-ended questions to the class regarding a
particular subject or problem. The pupils may then ask questions of their own.

Plato, student of Socrates, also has mystery surrounding him. His birth day is
estimated to fall between 428 BC and 423 BC. He’s known for being the
founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the
Western world. My favorite of Plato’s contributions to philosophy, and the one
I’m going to focus on, is the Theory of Forms. This theory was created to
solve two problems, one of ethics and one of permanence and change. The
ethical problem is: how can humans live a fulfilling life in an ever changing
world if everything that they hold close to them can be easily taken away? The
problem dealing with permanence and change is: How can the world appear
to be both permanent and changing? The world we perceive through senses
seems to be always changing–which is a pretty clear observation. The world
that we perceive through the mind, seems to be permanent and unchanging.
Which world perceived is more real? Why are we seen two different worlds?

To find a solution to these problems, Plato split the world into two: the
material, or phyiscal, realm and the transcendent, or mental, realm of forms.
We have access to the realm of forms through the mind, allowing us access to
an unchanging world. This particular world is invulnerable to the pains and
changes of the material world. By detaching our souls from the material world
and our bodies and developing our ability to concern ourselves with the forms,
Plato believes this will lead to us finding a value which is not open to change.
This solves the ethical problem. Splitting existence up into two realms also
leads us to a solution to the problem of permanence and change. Our mind
perceives a different world, with different objects, than our senses do. It is the
material world, perceived through the senses, that is changing. It is the realm
of forms, perceived through the mind, that is permanent.
Aristotle, student of Plato, lived from 384 BC-322 BC. At eighteen, he joined
Plato’s Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven.
There, he honed his talents of understanding the world. In his understanding
of the world, he wrote his theory of the universals–which I find to be extremely
intriguing. The problem of the universals is the question of whether properties
exist, and if so, what exactly are they. To avoid confusion, a universal is a
metaphysical term describing what particular things have in common, focusing
strictly characteristics or qualities. His theory states that universals exist only
where they are instantiated (the concept that it is impossible for a property to
exist which is not had by some object). In simpler terms, he believes
universals exist only in things, never apart from things–differing from his
teacher, Plato, on this. Aristotle believes that a universal is identical in each of
its instances. All round things are similar in that there is the same universal,
characteristic, throughout.

2. A philosophy of education may influence what subjects or topics are taught,


how they are taught, and perhaps more importantly, the supporting beliefs
and values that are taught, both implicitly and explicitly, within and around the
core curriculum
3. Every day in the classroom, I try to bring an open mind, a cheerful attitude,
and high expectations. I feel that I owe it to my students, as well as the
community, to do my work with consistency, diligence, and love in the hopes
that I may eventually inspire and encourage these qualities in the kids as well.
"My teaching methodology focuses on developing pupils' individual study
habits. Because they don't know how to effectively study information on their
own, I find that even when students are interested in a class, they frequently
forget important elements. Focusing on students' needs is a key component of
my pedagogy. I consider Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development to be a
critical educational tool for ensuring that all children are given knowledge that
is both doable and demanding.

4. According to my educational philosophies, each child is an individual who


deserves a dynamic learning environment where they can advance socially,
emotionally, and intellectually.

Dynamic Learning Environment - It is intentionally designed to meet the needs of all


students while challenging them to enhance existing skills, interests and
understandings, as well as meaningfully building new ones. Such an environment
incorporates inclusion, learning styles, technology and real world applications.

Intellectual development: the learning and use of language; the ability to reason,
problem-solve, and organize ideas; it is related to the physical growth of the brain.

Social development: the process of gaining the knowledge and skills needed to
interact successfully with others.

Emotional development: feelings and emotional responses to events; changes in


understanding one's own feelings and appropriate forms of expressing them.

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