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(Taki) Transformacion Con Matrices

This document describes the mathematical transformations needed to convert between equatorial coordinates and altazimuth coordinates. It provides the transformation equations, which relate the direction cosines between the two coordinate systems using a rotation matrix. An example calculation is shown to demonstrate converting the equatorial coordinates of Saturn to the corresponding altitude and azimuth.

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73 views4 pages

(Taki) Transformacion Con Matrices

This document describes the mathematical transformations needed to convert between equatorial coordinates and altazimuth coordinates. It provides the transformation equations, which relate the direction cosines between the two coordinate systems using a rotation matrix. An example calculation is shown to demonstrate converting the equatorial coordinates of Saturn to the corresponding altitude and azimuth.

Uploaded by

sroland
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

Applications
5.1 Transformation from Equatorial Coordinates to Altazimuth Coordinates
5.1.1 Transformation Equations
Altazimuth coordinate system, Xh-Yh-Zh is rotated –(π/2 - φ) around Yh-axis to equatorial
coordinate system, Xe’-Ye’-Ze’. φ is observer’s latitude. See figure 5.1-1.

The direction cosines are expressed in angles as follows.

 Lh   cos h cos(−A) 
   
 M h  = cos h sin( −A)  …. Equation (5.1-1)
N   sin h 
 h  

Where A is azimuth measured westward from the South and h is altitude.

 Le '   cos δ cos( −H ) 


   
 M e '  = cos δ sin( −H )  …. Equation (5.1-2)
 N '  sin δ 
 e   

Where H is local hour angle measure westward from the South and δ is declination.

Relationship between the coordinates is expressed in matrix form as shown below.

  π  π 
 Le '   cos φ − 2  0 −sin  φ − 2    Lh 
    
 M e '  = 0 1 0  Mh  …. Equation (5.1-3)
 N '   π  π  
 e   sin  φ −  0 cos φ −    N h 
  2  2 

  π  π 
 Lh   cos φ − 2  0 sin  φ − 2    Le ' 
    
 M h  = 0 1 0   M e ' …. Equation (5.1-4)
N    π  π  
 h   −sin  φ −  0 cos φ −    N e ' 
  2  2 

Mh
tan( −A) = …. Equation (5.1-5)
Lh
When Lh >= 0, (-A) is in the 1st quadrant or the 4th quadrant.
When Lh < 0, (-A) is in the 2nd quadrant or the 3rd quadrant.

sin h =N h …. Equation (5.1-6)

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-π/2 (-90o) <= h <= +π/2 (+90o)

Celestial Object
Zh (Zenith)
Xe’ (Meridian)

Ze’ (North Pole)

Equator

-H φ Horizon

Yh, Ye’ (East)

Xh (South)

Meridian

Figure 5.1-1 Altazimuth Coordinates and Equatorial Coordinates

Comparison with spherical trigonometric equations (ref. [1]) is performed below.


From equations (5.1-2), (5.1-4) and (5.1-5), we obtain the following equations.

Me'
tan( −A) =
 π  π
cos φ −  Le ' + sin  φ −  N e '
 2  2
sin( −H ) cos δ
=
 π  π
cos φ −  cos( −H ) cos δ + sin  φ −  sin δ
 2  2 …. Equation (5.1-7)
sin( −H )
=
 π  π
cos φ −  cos( −H ) + sin  φ −  tan δ
 2  2
sin( −H )
=
sin φ cos H −cos φ tan δ

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 π  π
sin h =−sin  φ −  cos(−H ) cos δ + cos φ −  sin δ
 2  2 …. Equation (5.1-8)
=cosφ cos H cos δ + sin φ sin δ

These equations are the same as equations (8.5) and (8.6) in ref. [1].

5.1.2 Example Calculation


Example 8.b in ref. [1]:
Find the azimuth and the altitude of Saturn on 1978 November 13 at 4h34m00s UT at the
Uccle Observatory (longitude –0h17m25.94s, latitude +50o47’55.0” = 0.88660302 (radian)); the
planet’s apparent equatorial coordinates, interpolated from the A.E., being
α = 10h57m35.681s = 10.9599114h = 2.86929809 (radian)
δ = +8o25’58.10” = 8.432806o = 0.14718022 (radian)
The apparent sidereal time at Greenwich, θ0 = 8h01m46.135s.
Local hour angle, H is,
H = θ0 - L - α
= 8h01m46.135s + 0h17m25.94s – 10h57m35.681s
= -2h38m23.606s
= -2.6398906h
= -2.6398906 x 15 / (180/π) … (radian)
= -0.69112174 (radian)

From equation (5.1-2),

 Le '   cos(−H ) cos δ   0.76220092 


     
 M e '  = sin( −H ) cos δ  = 0.63051067 
 N '  sin δ   0.14664943 
 e     

From equation (5.1-4),

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  π  π 
 Lh   cos φ − 2  0 sin  φ − 2    Le ' 
    
 M h  = 0 1 0   M e '
 π  π 
 h   −sin  φ −  0 cos φ −    N e ' 
N   
  2   2 
 cos( −0.68419331) 0 sin( −0.68419331)   0.76220092 
= 0 1 0   0.63051067 
 
 −sin( −0.68419331) 0 cos(−0.68419331)  0.14664943 

 0.77492917 0 −0.63204809  0.76220092 


= 0 1 0   0.63051067 
 
 0.63204809 0 0.77492917   0.14664943 

 0.49796223 
 
= 0.63051067 
 0.59539056 
 

From equations (5.1-5) and (5.1-6),


M 0.63051067
tan( −A) = h = =1.2661817
Lh 0.49796223
-A = 0.90232066 (radian) � A = -0.9032066 (radian) = -51.6992o
sin h = 0.59539056
h = 0.63775167 (radian) = 36.5405o

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