Tutorial 2: Insert, Update, and Delete Data From Local Database in C#

2.1 Update the Drugs table schema by adding more fields and more records

Update the schema of the drugs table to add more

fields. Right-click on the Drugs Table then select "Edit
Table Schema".

From the Edit Table window, do the following:

1. Add a field called “Expiry Date” that
represents the expiry date of the drug.
2. Change the Data Type of the Expiry Date to
be a Datetime
3. Add two more fields
4. Change their corresponding Data Type as preferred
5. Click OK to close the form and accept the changes.

Now, explore the contents of the Drugs table and add the missing data. For example, the
expiry date field is empty since it is recently added to the table. To make the database
alteration operations more interesting add more records as shown in the following figure.

2.2 Drugs Form Design

Open Form1 in design view. Make sure you selected Form1 by clicking into an empty area of
the form or simply by clicking its title bar, from the properties window change Text to
be Drugs. Then choose GroupBox from Toolbox's container tab as shown in the figure.

The group box is a container that holds any type of control as needed in
the application. From the group box properties change its Name
to gbDrugs, and change Text to “Drug Detail”. From the toolbox add a
Label, Text Box and DateTimePicker as shown in the figure.

Select the Label and the TextBox together

then copy once and paste 3 times. Rearrange
all the resulting controls as shown in the
following figure.

Change the properties of each control, if the

properties window doesn't appear, right-click
on the control and select properties from the
context window, the properties should be
changed as follows:

1. Change the label1 Name to "lblID", and Text to “Drug ID”

2. Change TextBox1 (more specifically the TextBox beside "lblID"), change its Name
to be "txtDrugID"
3. Change the label2 Name to "lblName" and Text to “Name”.
4. Change TextBox2 (more specifically the TextBox beside "lblName"), change its
Name to be "txtDrqugName".
5. Change the label3 Name to be "lblExpiryDate" and Text to “Expiry Date”.
6. Change the DateTimePickers Name to be "dtpExpiryDate"
7. Change the label4 Name to be "lblCompany" and text to “Company”.
8. Change Label5 Name to be "lblType" and text to “Drug Type”.
The final arrangements of the controls should be as shown in the following figure:

Add 3 more controls. This time add 3 Buttons,

from the toolbox select a Button and drag it to
the form, then copy once and paste it 2 times.
The three button properties should be changed
as follows:
1. Button1 Name should be changed
to “btnInsert”, and its Text to
"Insert"
2. Button2 Name should be changed
to “btnUpdate”, and its Text to
"Update"
3. Button3 Name should be changed
to “btnDelete”, and its Text to
"Delete"

The final arrangements of the controls on the form should be as shown in the following
figure:
2.3 Display the Selected Record from the
DataGridView

The objective is to display any record when selected in

the DataGridView. So if the user clicks on any record in
the DataGridView the corresponding data will be
displayed on the controls in the Drug Detail container.
The selection by default is done cell by cell. For accurate
selection, the selection scheme of the DataGridView must
be changed to Full Row Selection, this is done by
selecting FullRowSelect from SelectionMode property of
the dgvDrugs as shown in the following figure.

The event of clicking the DataGridView must be added to

the list of its events. This is done by the following
procedure:
1. Click on any place inside the dgvDrugs
2. Click the events button
3. Double-click on the blank area beside the CellClick event.

The code editor must be opened.

Add the following code for the CellClick procedure:

private void dgvDrugs_CellClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
{
txtID.Text = dgvDrugs.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells["ID"].Value.ToString();
txtName.Text = dgvDrugs.CurrentRow.Cells["Name"].Value.ToString();
if(dgvDrugs.CurrentRow.Cells["ExpiryDate"].Value.ToString().Length > 0)
dtpExpiryDate.Value
= Convert.ToDateTime(dgvDrugs.CurrentRow.Cells["ExpiryDate"].Value.ToString());
txtCompany.Text = dgvDrugs.CurrentRow.Cells["Company"].Value.ToString();
 txtType.Text = dgvDrugs.CurrentRow.Cells["Type"].Value.ToString();
}
In the preceding procedure, e.RowIndex holds the current position of the selected row; this
also can be changed by CurrentRow that holds a pointer to the current row. To call a
specific column, Cells [Column Name] is used.

The if statement tests the database field (ExpiryDate), if the user leaves it blank or it is
retrieved from the database with a blank value then the date will not be displayed on
the dtpExpiryDate. Notice the use of Convert.ToDateTime to convert a string to date time.

Run the program now to ensure everything is working well. When a cell is clicked, the
corresponding record is displayed in the Drug Detail groupbox.

2.4 Update the DBConnection Class to Hold Insert, Update and Delete Functions

The DBConnection class is updated by including three functions. The first function
is drugInsert() that takes the drug info and inserts it into the database. The second function
is drugUpdate that takes the new info of the record and updates it. The third function
is drugDelete that takes the drug ID and deletes its record from the database. The following
code represents the functions inside the DBConnection Class.

2.4.1 Insert Record

The insertion in C# is done by creating a new ADO.Net object called SqlCeCommand. It holds
the SQL command that will be applied onto the database. The SqlCeCommand is initialized
by the SQL statement, the current connection, and the command type (Text or Stored
Procedure). The following function is added to the DBConnection class:
public int drugInsert(int ID,string Name,DateTime expDate,string company,string type)
{
try
{
string strCommand = "INSERT INTO Drugs(ID,Name,ExpiryDate,Company,Type)
VALUES(@ID,@Name,@ExpiryDate,@Company,@Type)";
SqlCeCommand cmdInsert = new SqlCeCommand();
cmdInsert.Connection = conn;
cmdInsert.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmdInsert.CommandText = strCommand;
cmdInsert.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ID", ID);
cmdInsert.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", Name);
cmdInsert.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ExpiryDate",expDate );
cmdInsert.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Company", company);
cmdInsert.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Type", type);
return cmdInsert.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch (SqlCeException e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Source + "\n" + e.Message + "\n" + e.StackTrace);
return -1;
}
}
The next step is to connect this command with the form. This can be done by opening
Form1 and double-clicking on the "Insert" button. The code editor will be opened for the
following code to be written, that is the Click procedure of the button
private void btnInsert_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (txtID.Text.Length > 0 && txtName.Text.Length > 0)
 {
int k = DBConn.drugInsert(Int32.Parse(txtID.Text), txtName.Text, dtpExpiryDate.Value.Date,
txtCompany.Text, txtType.Text);
if (k > 0)
{
dgvDrugs.DataSource = DBConn.getAllDrugs();
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("No record inserted");
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("Please fill in ID and Name of the drug");
}
}

The function checks the text in the ID TextBox and Name TextBox and ensures that the user
hasn't left them empty. The drugInsert method returns -1 if an error occurs together with a
message reporting the error, it returns 1 if a single record inserted. So the k value is always 1
for successful insertion of a single record.

Int32.Parse converts text or a string to an integer

value. After adding the record successfully it must be
displayed on the grid, getAllDrugs retrieves the
entire table data including the record that is just
inserted.

Run the program and click the "Insert" button. You

should immediately see the following message:

Close the message by clicking OK and fill in the ID

and Name, select the date and fill in the other fields,
then click insert, the new record will be inserted and
shown directly on the gird.
After successfully inserting the new record, the
controls must be cleared for entering a new record.
Clearing the control is done by adding the following
function to Form1.cs:
public void clearControls()
{
txtCompany.Text = string.Empty;
txtName.Text = string.Empty;
txtID.Text = string.Empty;
txtType.Text = string.Empty;
}
Then update the btnInsert_Click procedure to include the clearControls function after data
retrieval.

private void btnInsert_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (txtID.Text.Length > 0 && txtName.Text.Length > 0)
{
int k = DBConn.drugInsert(Int32.Parse(txtID.Text), txtName.Text, dtpExpiryDate.Value.Date,
txtCompany.Text, txtType.Text);
if (k > 0)
 {
dgvDrugs.DataSource = DBConn.getAllDrugs();
clearControls();
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("No records inserted");
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("Please fill in ID and Name of the drug");
}
}
2.4.2 Update Record

The update of a record is done by using the same ADO.Net object “SqlCeCommand”. The
command is initialized by the command text, the current connection and command type.
The same procedure will be used as shown in the Insert function. Open the DBConnect class
and add the following code:

public int drugUpdate(string ID, string Name, DateTime expDate, string company, string type)
{
try
{
string strCommand = "Update Drugs Set Name=@Name, ExpiryDate=@ExpiryDate, Company=@Company,
Type=@Type WHERE ID=" + ID;
SqlCeCommand cmdUpdate = new SqlCeCommand();
cmdUpdate.Connection = conn;
cmdUpdate.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmdUpdate.CommandText = strCommand;
cmdUpdate.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ID", ID);
cmdUpdate.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", Name);
cmdUpdate.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ExpiryDate", expDate);
cmdUpdate.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Company", company);
cmdUpdate.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Type", type);
return cmdUpdate.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch (SqlCeException e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Source + "\n" + e.Message + "\n" + e.StackTrace);
return -1;
}
}

The preceding command is used in Form1 to update the current selected item from
the dgrDrugs. Open Form1 in design mode then double-click on the “Update” button, the
code editor will be opened for entering the following code:
private void btnUpdate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string strID = dgvDrugs.CurrentRow.Cells["ID"].Value.ToString();
if (strID.Length > 0)
{
int k = DBConn.drugUpdate(txtID.Text, txtName.Text, dtpExpiryDate.Value.Date,
txtCompany.Text, txtType.Text);
if (k > 0)
{
dgvDrugs.DataSource = DBConn.getAllDrugs();
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("No records updated");
}
 }
else
MessageBox.Show("No record Selected");
}
The current selected row in the grid view is obtained. Then the ID field is checked for a valid
value, so "if ( strID.Length > 0)" is checking to ensure the user selected a row in the grid
view. The k value will be -1 for an error in the update or the numbr of records updated, it will
be greater than 0 (the count of the number of affected rows) when no errors are in the
update.

Run the program and make sure everything is working well. When the user clicks one of the
rows in the girdview, the corresponding data is displayed on the controls in the Drug Detail
group box. Try to change the contents of the controls and click the "Update" button. The
data will be updated and displayed directly into the GridView.

2.4.3 Delete Record

The record is deleted using only its ID. The car data can be deleted by passing the CarID to
the delete procedure, the procedure searches for that specific record and deletes it, if there
is more than one record with the same ID the procedure will delete them all. Add
the drugDelete function to the DBConnection class as follows:

public int drugDelete(string ID)

{
try
{
string strCommand = "DELETE FROM Drugs WHERE ID=" + ID;
SqlCeCommand cmdDelete = new SqlCeCommand();
cmdDelete.Connection = conn;
cmdDelete.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmdDelete.CommandText = strCommand;
return cmdDelete.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch (SqlCeException e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Source + "\n" + e.Message + "\n" + e.StackTrace);
return -1;
}
}
To use the preceding function, it is connected to the Delete button by opening Form1 in
design view then double-clicking on the “Delete” button to open the code editor, add the
following procedure to Form1.cs:

private void btnDelete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
string strID = dgvDrugs.CurrentRow.Cells["ID"].Value.ToString();
if (strID.Length > 0)
{
if (MessageBox.Show("Ar you sure that you want to delete", "Delete
record", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Warning) ==
DialogResult.Yes)
{
int k = DBConn.drugDelete(strID);
if (k > 0)
{
dgvDrugs.DataSource = DBConn.getAllDrugs();
clearControls();
}
 }
}
}
For deleting, the system shall ensure that the user really wants to delete the record and not
messing around. So, there are three levels of check using if statements:
 First, the code must check to ensure that the user clicked a record in the grid
view
 Second, a message is displayed to the user asking the user if he/she really wants
to delete the record, then execute the delete only if the user clicks “Yes”
 The final check is to make sure that at least one record is deleted
After deleting, the controls will be cleared for adding a new record or deleting another
record.