Republic of the Philippines

CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY

Virac, Catanduanes

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Understanding the
Self

MISTYJUN SOLSONA
Student

ELEANOR OSIDO

Subject Instructor
 Unit 4: The Self in the Learning Process

EXERCISE 4:
1. Intelligence: Hereditary or Influence of Environment?” Prove your stand and cite examples.

Intelligence: Hereditary or Influence of Environment

Intelligence is the ability to reason, judge, and comprehend in events of life and among
living things or species, only humans has the highest level of intelligence that makes us different
from them. We are capable to think, act and reason or in other words can do “Actus Humanus” or
“human acts”. People has different kinds of intelligence, just like what Howard Gardner's Theory
Multiple Intelligence, and these intelligence can be by nature or by nurture.

Intelligence of a person can be nature or hereditary but can be also be by nurture or

influence of environment. Hereditary is a process wherein the characteristics of a parents is
genetically transferred to it's offspring and that is what we called by nature. An internal factor of
people's intelligence. Meanwhile the nurture is the effects or Influence of environment to an
individual. It is the external factors of people's intelligence that affects them while growing.
People's intelligence can be passed genetically or hereditary. If the parents is smart, then the
offspring is also expected to be smart, because the smartness or intelligence is run from their
bloods. It is like an apple tree will only fruit an apple fruit not a mango in an apple tree. In the
same sense, if your parents is smart you will be born smart also but if only one of your parents is
smart, for example, your father is the smart-one and your mother is the opposite. The dominant
traits of your parents will determine your intelligence depending who among them carries the
dominant genes. That's explain why intelligence can be nature or hereditary. In the contrary,
intelligence also can be nurture or can be influence by environment. For example, you came
from a family of smart or genius. Your father is smart, your mother is smart, and the rest of your
family members are smart, therefore since you came from that kind of family, you are expected
to be born as smart as well by blood. However, yes you are born smart. Inside of your veins the
bloods you carries have a genotype of being smart, but there is no guarantee that you will grow
smart just like them without proper nurture or without the influence of environment. According
to the experts “The genes determine the raw materials for intelligence, the environment provide
the opportunities to develop the raw materials to the fullest”. It means that the heredity of
intelligence needs to be nurtured or influenced by the environment. Just like what the saying “No
man is an island” you can’t live and learn alone in this life. Intelligence cannot be develop
without being nurtured or influenced by the environment, that’s why the different system
(Bronfrenbrenner’s Structure of Environment) plays a different roles that contributes in child’s
development of intelligence, behavior, and more.
 This is the reason why people should not put a label to someone such as “fool or stupid”
because there is no people like that. It is just that one factor (the nature or commonly the
nurture/environment) failed to do its part for the child’s development. Moreover, not because
someone is bad at the things you are best doesn’t mean they are stupid. Remember that there are
multiple kinds of intelligence. He maybe bad at your best but who knows that he is best at the
things you are worst? People’s intelligence is not the same. We have different IQ levels and
interest so comparing one to other is not essential. In addition, there are people who are not
intelligent at doing something from the start but in the end you will find that they are doing they
are doing great. It is because with the help of constant training or practice and support of the
people surrounds him, he developed the skills he don’t posses before or the potentials skills that
other people see to him has been developed and sharpen with the help of them. These people are
what commonly called late bloomers.
2. Cite an incident in your life in which you or other people applied at least one of the learning
theories. Be specific and support your answer.

Howard Gardner's Theory Multiple Intelligence

The “Theory of Multiple Intelligence” of Howard Gardner's is a theory that there are
multiple types of intelligence namely and categorized: Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Logic-
mathemathical, Linguistic, Spatial, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. Howard Gardner categorize
the different multiple intelligence into these 8. Moreover this theory explains why people has
different specialties. For instance, the person A is good at singing but bad in numbers, meanwhile
the person B is good at numbers but bad in singing. The reason why they have an opposite
speciality is because their intelligence is different from each other. They have different
intelligence that’s why they have different taste, like and interest. The following below are
instances of incident in my life or other people that applied at least one of the learning theories
(Multiple Intelligence).

Way back in high school, grade 12 to be specific, I have noticed the different types of
intelligence I and my classmates possess. Each of us possesses different types of intelligence
that make us unique from each other. I have possess the logic-mathematical and also verbal-
linguistic ( I am good in math and at the same time I love reading books and writing stories),
meanwhile my classmates possesses different intelligence e.g., Marian and Ryan are musical
(they are both good at singing and playing musical instrument like guitar), Neil and Sam are
linguistic (They love to write poems such as spoken poetry), Kenneth is visual-spatial (I always
see him draw during vacant periods), Percival and Rainier are both bodily-kinesthetic (Percival
loves playing volleyball, meanwhile the latter loves playing basketball). The rest of our
classmates possesses different intelligence too. Some of them possesses the same intelligence,
some possess multiple intelligence. I remember the time when we were given a task (Drama-
play) to do. I was the one who assigned their roles since I know what role suited to them. I knew
who sing, dance, act well and more that a character needs. In addition, since I am good in writing
stories , I was the one who were assigned to wrote the script with the help of Neil and Sam who
also good in linguistic our activity was done organized.

Having different kinds of intelligence makes us unique from each other. Moreover,
multiple intelligence makes us function differently and function interdependent. We can’t do all
things by ourselves that beyond our intelligence without the help of others and vise-verse.
Maybe the reason why people has different kinds of intelligence are so that they will have a
different valuable part/role to play.
3. Among the 8 Multiple Intelligence of Howard Gardner, which one do you think you excel the
most? Justify your answer and put a picture of yourself doing what you’re good at.

I think among the 8 multiple intelligence of Howard Gardner, I possess not only one but, if I will
assess my self, the intelligence I excel the most is Logic-mathemathical. The main reason why I
chose this program to pursue in college. The pictures below are the evidences that I am good at
this field.
 Unit 5: The Self in the Emotional Experiences

EXERCISE 5:
1. Why it is important to manage your emotions?

The importance of Emotional management

Emotion is a biochemical reaction of the brain in response of the occurrence of the events
in our lives. There are two types of emotion; positive (happiness, joy, etc) and negative (sadness,
anger, hatred, pain and more). These two types of emotion co-exist and both needed to feel or
experience by a human person. A positive emotions cannot be experience without experiencing
the latter or vise-verse. Emotional intelligence or Emotional Quotient (EQ) refers to the ability
to recognize, interpret, and understand the emotion of yourself or others. Those who have high
EQ are have a high level of emotional stability that needs to control and manage our emotions.
But why do we have to manage our emotions? Why do people need to have a emotional
management?

As above mentioned in the definition of emotion, it is a biochemical reaction of the brain

in response of the occurrence of the events in our lives. It means that these biochemical
reactions of the brain affects the ability to think and make decisions (that also affect our actions
or behavior) as a mechanism response to that particular event that is happening. These emotional
response lead us to make actions and decisions without proper thinking of what will be the
consequences. More so, emotional intensity add fuels to the sudden actions or decision. For
example; when we experiencing intense negative emotions such as hatred or anger, we became
violent as a mechanism response. We became biased that we only listen to ourselves and neglect
the reasons and opinion of others because we are mad and in pain. We throw hurtful words or
worst physical attack without realizing that we are being unfair and biased that are actions
became unjustifiable. When we feel too much sadness, pain, and betrayals we tend to hurt others
physically or verbally and the worst scenario is hurting ourselves in every possible way that
might lead to suicide attempts. Another examples is when we feel an intense emotion such as
happiness, gratefulness or in love, because of too much of these emotions we became blind and
tend to do unwisely decision. For example a boy and a girl decided to runaway together and drop
school. They did unwisely decision because of the emotion and feeling - love. “Come with me if
you really love me!” or “ if you really love me, you will follow me, you will do this…”. And
then when the poverty knock on their door, their love for each other jump out the window. That’s
the start of regrets after regrets because of lack of preparedness and rush made decisions. These
are the reasons why managing your emotions. Emotional management is the ability to manage,
stabilize, and control our emotions to prevent us to make a decision and action that we will regret
at the end.
 By having an emotional management we can prevent the occurrence of these scenarios.
We can prevent ourselves hurting everyone around us including ourselves. In addition, we can
make a healthy decisions and build a healthy relationship with others. The first step of emotional
management is understanding our emotions and the emotions of others, because you can’t
manage emotions that are unknown to you.
2. What is your most intense emotion? Do you experience it often? How do you manage this
emotion when it gets more intense than you like?

My most intense Emotion

All person feels emotions regardless of age, gender, religion and more because we are not
numb. We have the ability to feel those things. From just doing simple and small things we
undoubtedly feel emotions. It might be positive or negative such as sadness, happiness, anger,
fear, jealousy and more. For instance, we feel happiness when we are being complimented or
rewarded ; we also feel sadness when we lost something such as losing a pet or experience
failures such failed exams or commitments ; we feel hatred or anger as a product of when
someone hurt, disappoint or betrayed us ; we also feel fear and scared when we are in a situation
that we feels like we’re gonna lost something or someone might hurt us. We feel emotions by
nature and experience. Sometimes low emotions, sometimes intense, depends on the situation
you were in and depends on the impact of those situations to you.

Based on my own experiences, the most intense emotions I felt was a negative emotion.
It was a mixtures of countless emotions such as sadness, pain, hatred, confusion and fear - in one
word “Depression” that was triggered by my anxiety attacks. I felt it during the darkest hour of
my life when I was on secondary high school. I will not disclose the details as well as the
specific antecedents because it was something personal. This emotion I considered as the “most
intense” because it last not just days but several weeks or about month. It made me not to sleep a
countless night nor have a peaceful mind everyday. However, I am beyond grateful that I
conquered not just those emotions but as well as the situation I were in during those time by the
help of the people around me, the god, and myself. Ask help if you need, you have your family,
friends and god to rely on when everything is crumbled. Honestly, I rarely feel this emotions
commonly just when I was triggered by anxiety. I am always aware of my emotions if I know
where it will go and I know that it is not good. I immediately do something to prevent it.

After that event l learned that not all of the times we have a stable emotional stability.
There are inevitable times that it will also decline no matter how strong you are. However,
having a emotional regulation might prevent the occurrence of this situation or at least minimize
the affect. It will help you control your emotions and possibly have the control of the situation as
it will help you not to do rush decisions and actions. Instead, it will help you make a wiser and
better decisions.
 UNIT 6: THE SELF IN THE SUCCESS AND HAPPINESS

Exercise 6:
1. PERSONALITY CHECKLIST. Directions: Look at each pair of items and select the one
that describes you best. Answer the indicated question below after completing the checklist.
Extravert (E) Introvert (I)

__ Energized by social interaction ___Energized by having quiet time alone

___Tend to talk first and think later ___Tend to think first and talk later
___Tend to think out loud ___Tend to think things through quietly
___Tend to respond quickly, before thinking ___Tend to respond slowly, after thinking
___Easy to get to know, outgoing ___Difficult to get to know, private
___Have many friends, know lots of people ___Have a few close friends
___Can read or talk with background noise ___Prefer quiet for concentration
___Talk more than listen ___Listen more than talk
___View telephone calls as a welcome break ___View telephone calls as a distraction
___Talk to many different people at parties ___Talk to a few people at parties
___Prefer to study with others in a group ___Prefer to study alone
___Described as talkative or friendly ___Described as quiet or reserved
___Work through trial and error ___Work systematically
___Much public contact ___Work alone or with individuals
___High energy environment ___Quiet for concentration
___Work as part of a team ___Work alone or in small groups
___Variety and action ___Focus on one project until complete
___Talk to others ___Work without interruption
___Present ideas to a group ___Communication one-on-one

____Total Extravert ____Total Introvert

Sensing(S) Intuitive (N)

___Trust what is certain and concrete ___Trust inspiration and inference

___Prefer specific answers to questions ___Prefer general answers which leave
___Like new ideas if they have practical room for interpretation
applications (if you can use them) ___Like new ideas for their own sake (you
___Value realism and common sense don’t need a practical use for them)
___Think about things one at a time and step-by- ___Value imagination and innovation
step ___Think about many ideas at once as they
___Like to improve and use skills learned before come to you
___More focused on the present ___Like to learn new skills and get bored
___Concentrate on what you are doing at the using the same skills
moment ___More focused on the future
___Do something ___Wonder what is next
___See tangible results ___Think about doing something
___If it isn’t broken, don’t fix it ___Focus on possibilities
___Prefer working with facts and figures ___There is always a better way to do it
___Focus on reality ___Prefer working with ideas and theories
___“Seeing is believing” ___Use fantasy
___Tend to be specific and literal (say what you ___“Anything is possible”
mean) ___Tend to be general and figurative (use
 ___See what is here and now comparisons and analogies)
___Work with known facts ___See the big picture
___Focus on practical benefits ___Explore new ideas and approaches
___Learn through experience ___Use imagination and be original
___Work step-by-step ___Freedom to follow your inspiration
___Work in bursts of energy

____Total Sensing ____Total Intuitive

Thinking (T) Feeling (F)

___Apply impersonal analysis to problems ___Consider the effect on others

___Value logic and justice ___Value empathy and harmony
___Fairness is important ___There are exceptions to every rule
___Truth is more important than tact ___Tact is more important than truth
___Motivated by achievement and ___Motivated by being appreciated by
accomplishment others
___Feelings are valid if they are logical ___Feelings are valid whether they make
___Good decisions are logical sense or not
___Described as cool, calm and objective ___Good decisions take others’ feelings
___Love can be analyzed into account
___Are firm-minded ___Described as caring and emotional
___More important to be right ___Love cannot be defined
___Remember numbers and figures ___Are gentle-hearted
___Prefer clarity ___More important to be liked
___Find flaws and critique ___Remember faces and names
___Prefer firmness ___Prefer harmony
___Maintain business environment ___Look for the good and compliment
___Be treated fairly ___Prefer persuasion
___Fair evaluations ___Close personal relationships
___Solve problems ___Work matches personal values
___Challenging work ___Make a personal contribution

____Total Thinking ____Total Feeling

Judging (J) Perceptive (P)

___Happy when the decisions are made ___Happy when the options are left open-
and finished something better may come along
___Work first, play later ___Play first, do the work later
___It is important to be on time ___Time is relative
___Feel comfortable with routine ___Dislike routine
___Generally keep things in order ___Prefer creative disorder
___Set goals and work toward them ___Change goals as new opportunities arise
___Emphasize completing the task ___Emphasize how the task is done
___Like to finish projects ___Like to start projects
___Meet deadlines ___What deadline?
___Know what they are getting into ___Like new possibilities and situations
___Relax when things are organized ___Relax when necessary
___Follow a routine ___Explore the unknown
___Work steadily ___Work in spurts of energy
___Follow a schedule ___Be spontaneous
___Clear directions ___Minimal rules and structure
 ___Organized work ___Flexible
___Logical order ___Many changes
___Stability and security ___Take risks and be adventurous
___Work on one project until done ___Juggle many projects
___Like having high responsibility ___Like having interesting work

____Total Judging ____Total Perceptive

Summary Result of My Personal Checklist

Based on the result of my personal checklist, I am an introvert type of person. That means
that I prefer doing a task alone in a quiet place for concentration. Despite of being friendly I
prefer not to socialize often with others and I do not initiate a conversation with someone. I will
wait to someone break the ice before responding or talking back. I am self-centered that I do not
want to engage to business of someone and mind my own instead.

Moreover, according to the result, I am a combination type of sensing and intuitive

person. That means that I am logical but values imagination also. I have a creative and
imaginative mind that I used to be productive in a work but make decisions based on logic. For
example; I am focused on the present but I am open to new possibilities at the future. I believe
that nothing is impossible but I work based with known facts. Another instance or a scenario is as
a college student taking a program- Bachelor of Science in Accounting Information System, I
believe that nothing is impossible with determination and hard work. I believe that I can survive
this program and achieve what I am aiming for. However, I am also open to new possibilities on
the future. Not that I am being pessimistic but I am not close to the idea that I might fail or shift
to different direction. That’s why I am open to new possibilities, in order to have a plan B,C and
more just in case the plan A failed.

Another result of my personal checklist shows that I am a more thinking-type of person

and a lesser feeling-type of person. That means that I do not make biased decisions because of
the consideration of my own feelings or others feelings but doesn’t mean I invalidate those too. It
is just that I became logical and fair by analyzing the situations and as well as the point of views
of different parties to cope up a decisions that are fair and impartial. For example, if one of my
friends did something wrong to others, I will not tolerate his/her wrongdoings however I will not
also invalidate his/her feelings. I have to know both side and analyze the situation, so I will know
which side I should go. I want to know the side of other party as well as the side of my friend to
know the reason behind the actions. If I will find out who initiated first and who’s reason is
reasonable beyond doubt, then I can finally decide and take an immediate action or resolution.

Lastly, the result shows that I am a Judging-type of person. That means that I do not
make a rush decision, instead I judge and analyze the situation. I will observe first the situation
before taking an action. Just like what the last example shows above. I always do impartial
decision using judging-typo of personality.
2. POSITIVE REMINISCE EXERCISE. Directions: Take time to think about an event from
your past that reminds positive emotions. Visualize the event in as much detail as possible, and
focus on the pleasant feelings that were experienced at the time. Connect that event into at least
one of Seligman points to five factors (P.E.R.M.A.). Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.

Positive Reminisce Exercise: High School’s Chess Competition

 UNIT 7: THE SELF IN FACING CHALLENGES

EXERCISE 7
1.Self-Care Plan. Design for yourself a self-care plan for one whole month. Involve activities
that will help you stay fit and healthy, and manage stress.

Self-Care Plan

1. What do I value?

2. ASSESS: What you

need to know?

3. Create a list of self-

care a ctivities you do
now

4. Self-care activities
you benefit from
adding?

5. Refine your focus.

Don’t try to add
everything at once.

6. Create a self-care
plan and set some
simple goals.

7. Commit to your goals

and keep track of your
progress
2. COLLAGE-MAKING. Make a collage of your own perceived self-efficacy using Albert
Bandura’s four sources of influence for the development and maintenance of self-efficacy.