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Introduction To Steel

Structural steel is an iron-carbon alloy that is strong yet economical, making it suitable for load-bearing structures. It is 100% recyclable. There are three main types used in buildings: carbon steel, high-strength low-alloy steel, and quenched and tempered alloy steel. Steel properties include yield stress, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, ductility, toughness, and weldability. Common steel sections for structures are wide flange, standard I-beams, angles, channels, and more. Calculating section properties like area, centroid, moments of inertia, radii of gyration, and combined sections is important for structural analysis and design.

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42 views15 pages

Introduction To Steel

Structural steel is an iron-carbon alloy that is strong yet economical, making it suitable for load-bearing structures. It is 100% recyclable. There are three main types used in buildings: carbon steel, high-strength low-alloy steel, and quenched and tempered alloy steel. Steel properties include yield stress, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, ductility, toughness, and weldability. Common steel sections for structures are wide flange, standard I-beams, angles, channels, and more. Calculating section properties like area, centroid, moments of inertia, radii of gyration, and combined sections is important for structural analysis and design.

Uploaded by

gingeersboy
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO STEEL

Engr. John Ferry V. Dela Cruz, RCE, RMP


STRUCTURAL STEEL
-composed of Iron and Carbon
It refers to a number of steels that, because of their economy
and desirable mechanical properties, are suitable for load
carrying members in structures. Structural steel is 100%
recyclable and one of the most reused materials in the world.
STRUCTURAL STEEL
ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) Designation

For Ferrous Metals- the designation has the prefix letter “A”
followed by two or three numerical digits.
Ex. ASTM A36 and ASTM A514

Three groups of hot rolled structural steels used in buildings

1. Carbon Steel: Fy= 220-290 MPa


2. High Strength Low Alloy Steel (HSLA) : Fy= 480-840 MPa 3.
Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel : Fy= 480-690 MPa
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Properties of Steel:
1. Yield Stress, Fy
Unit tensile stress at which the stress strain curve exhibits a
well defined increase in strain(deformation)without an increase in
stress.
2. Ultimate Tensile Strength, Fu
Largest unit stress that the materials achieve in a tension test.
3. Modulus of Elasticity, E
The slope of the initial straight-line proportion of the stress
strain diagram, Esteel= 200,000 MPa
4. Ductility
Ability of the material to undergo large inelastic deformation
without failure
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Properties of Steel:
5. Toughness
Ability of the material to absorb energy and is characterized
by the area under a stress strain curve up to rupture
6. Weldability
Ability of steel to be welded without changing its
mechanical properties
7. Poisson’s Ratio, µ
Ratio of the transverse strain to the longitudinal strain
8. Shear Modulus, G
Ratio of the shearing stress to shearing strain during the
elastic behavior. It is often called Modulus of Rigidity.
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Properties of Steel:
9. Modulus of Resilience
Maximum energy that the material can absorb per unit
volume before it becomes permanently deformed. It is
characterized by the area under the Stress-Strain diagram up to
the yield point.

10. Modulus of Toughness


Energy absorbed by the material per unit volume up to
rupture. It is characterized by the area under the entire Stress-
Strain diagram up to rupture.
STRUCTURAL STEEL
STRUCTURAL STEEL

Typical Properties of ASTM A36 STEEL


E= 200,000 MPa
Fy= 248 MPa
Fu= 400 MPa
Density= 7780 kg/m3
Shear Modulus, G= 77,200 MPa
Coeff. Of thermal expansion, α=11.7 x10-6 / Co
STRUCTURAL STEEL
SAMPLE SECTIONS:

1. Wide Flange
W6x20

2. Standard I
Section S24x121

3. Angular Section
20x20x3

4. Channel Section
C15x50
STRUCTURAL STEEL
STRUCTURAL STEEL
SECTION PROPERTIES:

A. Dimensions
B. Perimeter / Area
C. Center of Gravity / Centroid
D. Moment of Inertia Ix , Iy - It measures the ability of a
member to resist bending
E. Section Modulus Sx, Sy
F. Radius of Gyration rx, ry - An imaginary distance from the
centroidal axis at which the entire area can be assumed
to exist without affecting the moment of inertia
PROBLEM 1
Calculate the area, centroid and inertia about x and y-axis of the
section 150mm

25 mm

20 mm

350mm

20 mm

100mm
PROBLEM 2
Calculate the combined section properties of the built-up section
shown. It is composed of a Wide Flange Section, W21x83 with a
Channel Section, C15x50 on top of it.
PROBLEM 3
For the Given Section shown.
a. Determine the moment of inertia w/ respect to x-axis
b. Determine the moment of inertia w/ respect to y-axis
c. Determine the moment of inertia w/ respect to x’-axis
CLASSWORK
A certain area has the following properties:
Iy =42 x106 mm4
Ix =119 x106 mm4
Ixy =46 x106 mm4

a. Determine the max and min moment of inertia


b. Determine the angle that the axis of max moment of inertia
makes w/ the x-axis.

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