DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

𝑑
1) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
2) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Remark: If 𝑢 is the differentiable function of 𝑥, then

𝑑
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑢′ (𝑥). 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢(𝑥) and
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢(𝑥) = −𝑢′ (𝑥). 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

Example: Evaluate the derivatives of the following functions.

a) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋𝑥) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥) b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 √𝑥

Solution:

a) 𝑦 ′ = (𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋𝑥))′ + (𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥))′ = (𝜋𝑥)′ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋𝑥) − (3𝑥)′ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑥)

= 𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋𝑥) − 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑥)
′ ′
b) 𝑦 ′ = (𝑥 2 )′ . 𝑠𝑖𝑛 √𝑥 + 𝑥 2 . (𝑠𝑖𝑛 √𝑥) = (2𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 √𝑥 + 𝑥 2 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 √𝑥 . (√𝑥)

1 𝑥 3 ⁄2
= (2𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 √𝑥 + 𝑥 2 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 √𝑥 . 2 = 2𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 √𝑥 + . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 √𝑥
√ 𝑥 2

𝑑
Example: (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝜋 =?
𝑑𝑥

Solution:

𝑑
(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝜋 = 𝜋(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝜋−1 . (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)′ = 𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 . (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝜋−1
𝑑𝑥

The Derivatives of the Other Trigonometric Functions

𝑑
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
 Remark: If 𝑢 is a differentiable function of 𝑥, then

𝑑
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑢′ (𝑥). 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢(𝑥) = −𝑢′ (𝑥). 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 (𝑥) = −𝑢′ (𝑥). 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢(𝑥) . 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 (𝑥) = 𝑢′ (𝑥). 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢(𝑥) . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑥 𝑑 3
Example: a) 𝑑𝑥 [3𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (2)] =? b) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 ) =?

Solution:

𝑑 𝑥 𝑥 ′ 𝑥 𝑥 ′
a) 𝑑𝑥 [3𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (2)] = (3𝑥)′ + (𝑐𝑜𝑡 (2)) = 3 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (2) . (2)

1 𝑥
= 3 − 2 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (2)

𝑑 3 𝑑
b) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 (3 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥) = 3(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥)′ = −3 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝑥 . (2𝑥)′

= −3 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝑥 . 2 = −6 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝑥

𝜋𝑥
Example: Find equations of the tangent and normal lines to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛( 4 ) at

(1, 1).

Solution:

𝑑𝑦 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 ′ 𝜋 𝜋𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑚 𝑇 = 𝑑𝑥 │𝑥=1 = [𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( 4 ) . ( 4 ) ] │𝑥=1 = [ 4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( 4 )] │𝑥=1 = 4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( 4 ) = 𝜋
4𝑐𝑜𝑠2 ( )
4

𝜋 𝜋
= 1 2
=
4( ) 2
√2

𝜋
⇒ 𝑦 − 1 = (𝑥 − 1)
2

−1 2 2
𝑚𝑁 = 𝑚 = − 𝜋 ⇒ 𝑦 − 1 = − 𝜋 (𝑥 − 1)
𝑇
 Example:

1 𝑑𝑦
a) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 √𝜃 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜃) ⇒ 𝑑𝜃 =?

𝑑𝑦
b) 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡(√cos 𝑥) ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 =?

𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞 𝑑𝑝
c) 𝑝 = 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞 ⇒ 𝑑𝑞 =?

𝑑𝑠
d) 𝑠 = 𝑡 2 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡 + 1 ⇒ 𝑑𝑡 =?

1+𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡 𝑑𝑠
e) 𝑠 = 1−𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡 ⇒ 𝑑𝑡 =?

𝑑𝑦
f) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 =?

𝑑𝑝
g) 𝑝 = (1 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑞). 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑞 ⇒ 𝑑𝑞 =?

Solution:

𝑑𝑦 ′ 1 1 ′
a) 𝑑𝜃 = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 √𝜃) . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝜃) + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 √𝜃 . (𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝜃))

′ 1 1 1 ′
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 √𝜃 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 √𝜃 . (√𝜃) . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝜃) + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 √𝜃 . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝜃) . (𝜃)

1 1 1 1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 √𝜃 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 √𝜃 . 2√𝜃 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝜃) + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 √𝜃 . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝜃) . (− 𝜃2 )

1
𝑡𝑎𝑛 √𝜃 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( )
𝜃
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 √𝜃 . [ . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝜃) − ]
2√𝜃 𝜃2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 1
b) 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (√cos 𝑥). 𝑑𝑥 (√cos 𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (√cos 𝑥). 2 . (cos 𝑥)′
√cos 𝑥

(− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥.𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (√cos 𝑥)

= −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (√cos 𝑥). =
2√cos 𝑥 2√cos 𝑥

𝑑𝑝 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞)′ (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞)−𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞.(1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞)′ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑞.(1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞)−𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑞
c) 𝑑𝑞 = (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞)2
= (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞)2

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑞+𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑞.𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞−𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑞 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑞

= = (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞)2
(1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑞)2
 𝑑𝑠
d) 𝑑𝑡 = 2𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡

𝑑𝑠 (1+𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡)′ .(1−𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡)−(1+𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡).(1−𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡)′ − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡.𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡.(1−𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡)−(1+𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡).𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡.𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡
e) 𝑑𝑡 = (1−𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡)2
= (1−𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡)2

− 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡.𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡+𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑡.𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡−𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡.𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑡.𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡 −2 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡.𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡
= =
(1−𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡)2 (1−𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑡)2

𝑑𝑦
f) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) . 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) . (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)′ = 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) . 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

𝑑𝑝
g) 𝑑𝑞 = (1 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑞)′ . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑞 + (1 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑞). (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑞)′

−1
= − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑞 . 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑞 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑞 − (1 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑞). (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑞) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑞 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑞 . 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑞 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑞 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑞 . 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑞

= −𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑞 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑞 − 1 = −(𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑞 + 1) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑞 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑞 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑞