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The document discusses various components used in a circuit including a microcontroller, LCD display, power supply, transformer, rectifier, optocoupler, and MOSFET. It provides details on the ATmega328 microcontroller which has 32KB of flash memory, 1KB of EEPROM, and 2KB of SRAM. It also describes how an LCD display works using liquid crystals and explains that a power supply converts AC to DC using a transformer and diode. A transformer changes voltage levels in AC circuits while a rectifier converts AC to pulsating DC. An optocoupler uses light to provide electrical isolation, and a MOSFET is an insulated gate field effect transistor.

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23 views

RESULT

The document discusses various components used in a circuit including a microcontroller, LCD display, power supply, transformer, rectifier, optocoupler, and MOSFET. It provides details on the ATmega328 microcontroller which has 32KB of flash memory, 1KB of EEPROM, and 2KB of SRAM. It also describes how an LCD display works using liquid crystals and explains that a power supply converts AC to DC using a transformer and diode. A transformer changes voltage levels in AC circuits while a rectifier converts AC to pulsating DC. An optocoupler uses light to provide electrical isolation, and a MOSFET is an insulated gate field effect transistor.

Uploaded by

ARUN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER –V

5.1 RESULT AND ENHANCEMENT

5.2 ATMEGA328:
ATmega328 is an 8-bit and 28 Pins AVR Microcontroller, manufactured by
Microchip, follows RISC Architecure and has a flash type program memory of 32KB. It
has an EEPROM memory of 1KB and its SRAM memory is of 2KB. It has 8 Pin for ADC
operations, which all combines to form PortA ( PA0 – PA7 ). It also has 3 builtin Timers, two
of them are 8 Bit timers while the third one is 16-Bit Timer.

5.3 LCD :
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) have materials, which combine the properties
of both liquid and crystals. Rather than having a melting point, they have a temperature
range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but
are grouped together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.
5.4 SINGLE POWER SUPPLY :
Power supply gives supply to all components. It is used to convert AC voltage into
DC voltage. Transformer used to convert 230V into 12V AC.12V AC is given to diode.
Diode range is 1N4007, which is used to convert AC voltage into DC voltage.
5.5 ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER:
A Transformer is an electrical device that takes electricity of one voltage and
changes it into another voltage. In AC circuits, AC voltage, current and waveform can be
transformed with the help of Transformers. Transformer plays an important role in
electronic equipment. AC and DC voltage in Power supply equipment are almost
achieved by transformer’s transformation and commutation.

5.6 RECTIFIER:
A rectifier circuit converts an AC voltage into a pulsating DC voltage. This is
accomplished by using one or more diodes because diodes conduct current in only one
direction.

5.7 optocoupler (MCT2E):


In electronics, an opto-isolator, also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical
isolator, is "an electronic device designed to transfer electrical signals by utilizing light
waves to provide coupling with electrical isolation between its input and output".The
main purpose of an opto-isolator is "to prevent high voltages or rapidly changing voltages
on one side of the circuit from damaging components or distorting transmissions on the
other side.
5.8 MOSFET (IRF840):
As well as the Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET), there is another type of Field
Effect Transistor available whose Gate input is electrically insulated from the main current
carrying channel and is therefore called an Insulated Gate Field Effect
Transistor or IGFET

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