Advanced Java Programming

(J2EE LC)
Unit -2, JDBC
Session Plan

Java Data Base Connectivity

– JDBC API

– Different drivers

– Set up a connection to a database from Java

– Create a database application

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JDBC

The JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) API helps a Java program to access
a database in a standard way

JDBC is a specification that tells the database vendors how to write a driver
program to interface Java programs with their database

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JDBC

A Driver written according to this standard is called the JDBC Driver

All related classes and interfaces are present in the java.sql package

All JDBC Drivers implement the interfaces of java.sql

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JDBC Drivers

There are 4 types of drivers --Type1, Type2, Type3,Type4

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Type1 Driver (JDBC-ODBC bridge driver)

Calling Java Application

JDBC API

JDBC Driver Manager

JDBC - ODBC Bridge

(Type I Driver)

ODBC Driver

Database Library APIs

DataBase

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Type2 Driver (Native-API driver )

Calling Java Application

JDBC API

JDBC Driver Manager

Native - API driver

(Type II Driver)

Database Library APIs

DataBase

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Type3 Driver (Network-protocol driver )
Calling Java Application

JDBC API

JDBC Driver Manager

Network-Protocol driver
(Type III Driver)

MiddleWare
(Application Server)

Different DataBase Vendors

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Type4 Driver (Native-protocol driver )

Calling Java Application

JDBC API

JDBC Driver Manager

Native - Protocol driver

(Type 4 Driver)

direct calls using specific

database protocol

DataBase

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Database interaction

The steps involved in a database interaction are:

– Loading the specific driver

– Making a connection to the database

– Sending SQL statements to the database

– Processing the results

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Statement

A statement object is used to send SQL statements to a database.

Three kinds :
– Statement
– Execute simple SQL without parameters

– PreparedStatement
– Used for pre-compiled SQL statements with or without parameters

– CallableStatement
– Execute a call to a database stored procedure or function

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JDBC - classes and interfaces

DriverManager class -
– Manages all the JDBC Drivers that are loaded in the memory

– Helps in dynamic loading of Drivers

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JDBC - classes and interfaces

Methods in DriverManager class -

– getConnection() : to establish a connection to a database.
• Connection getConnection(String url, Properties info)

• Connection getConnection(String url)

• Connection getConnection(String url, String userID, String password)

– registerDriver(java.sql.Driver)

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JDBC - classes and interfaces (Contd…)

Please refer to Notes page for more explanation on previous slide

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JDBC - classes and interfaces (Contd…)

Connection interface - defines methods for interacting with the database

via the established connection.
– A connection object represents a connection with a database.

– A connection session includes the SQL statements that are executed and the
results that are returned over that connection.

– A single application can have one or more connections with a single database,
or it can have many connections with many different databases.

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JDBC - classes and interfaces (Contd…)

The different methods of Connection interface are:

– close() - closes the database connection

– createStatement() - creates an SQL Statement object

– prepareStatement() - creates an SQL PreparedStatement object.

(PreparedStatement objects are precompiled SQL statements)

– prepareCall() - creates an SQL CallableStatement object using an SQL string.

(CallableStatement objects are SQL stored procedure call statements)

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JDBC - classes and interfaces (Contd...)
Statement interface - defines methods that are used to interact with
database via the execution of SQL statements.

The different methods are:

– executeQuery(String sql) - executes an SQL statement (SELECT) that queries
a database and returns a ResultSet object.

– executeUpdate(String sql) - executes an SQL statement (INSERT,UPDATE,or

DELETE) that updates the database and returns an int, the row count associated
with the SQL statement

– execute(String sql) - executes an SQL statement that is written as String object

– getResultSet() - used to retrieve the ResultSet object

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JDBC - classes and interfaces (Contd…)

ResultSet Interface - maintains a pointer to a row within the tabular results.

The next() method is used to successively step through the rows of the
tabular results.

The different methods are:

– getBoolean(int) - Get the value of a column in the current row as a Java
boolean.

– getByte(int) - Get the value of a column in the current row as a Java byte.

– getDouble(int) - Get the value of a column in the current row as a Java double.

– getInt(int) - Get the value of a column in the current row as a Java int.

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Using Statement and ResultSet
import java.sql.*;
java.sql.*;
class JDBCTest{
JDBCTest{
public static void main(String args[])
args[]) {
try{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@DB,
("jdbc:oracle:thin:@DB,
IPaddress:port_no:host string",“
string",“uid",“
uid",“password");
password");
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
connection.createStatement();
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery("select * from
Student");
while(resultSet.next()){
System.out.println(resultSet.getInt("ClassNo"));
System.out.println(resultSet.getInt("ClassNo"));
}
}
catch(Exception exception) {
System.out.println(exception)
System.out.println(exception)
}
}
}

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JDBC - classes and interfaces (Contd…)

PreparedStatement interface -- helps us to work with precompiled SQL

statements

Precompiled SQL statements are faster than normal statements

So, if a SQL statement is to be repeated, it is better to use PreparedStatement

Some values of the statement can be represented by a ? character which can

be replaced later using setXXX method

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Using PreparedStatement
import java.sql.*;
java.sql.*;
class PreparedStatementTest{
PreparedStatementTest{
public static void main(String args[])
args[]) throws Exception{
try{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(“url",
url",
“UID", “password");
PreparedStatement preparedStatement =
connection.prepareStatement("select * from Emp where ename=?");
ename=?");
preparedStatement.setString(1, 7521);
ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
while(resultSet.next()){
while(resultSet.next()){
System.out.println(resultSet.getString("ename"));
("ename"));
}
}
catch(Exception exception){
System.out.println(exception);
System.out.println(exception);
}
}
}

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JDBC - classes and interfaces (Contd…)

CallableStatement interface -- helps us to call stored procedures and

functions
CallableStatement callableStatement = connection.prepareCall(“execute proc ?”);

callableStatement.setInt(50);

callableStatement.execute();

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JDBC - classes and interfaces (Contd…)

The out parameters are to be registered

callableStatement.registerOutParameter(int parameterIndex, int SQLType);

To get the value stored in the out parameter--

callableStatement.getXXX(int parameterIndex);

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Using CallableStatement
Example - Calling a stored procedure named GetSalary. The procedure queries on the
Employee table and returns the salary of an employee. It has one input parameter that
takes the EmpCode and an out parameter that returns the salary

CallableStatement callableStatement =
connection.prepareCall("begin GetSalary(?,?);
GetSalary(?,?); end;");
callableStatement.setInt(1,29418);
// OUT parameters must be registered.
callableStatement.registerOutParameter(2,Types.DOUBLE);
callableStatement.execute();
System.out.println("Salary : " + callableStatement.getDouble(2));

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JDBC - classes and interfaces (Contd…)
ResultSetMetaData Interface - holds information on the types and
properties of the columns in a ResultSet. Provides information about the
database as a whole. Constructed from the Connection object

The different methods are:

– getColumnName()

– getColumnType()

– getColumnLabel(count)

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Transaction Management using JDBC

By default, auto commit mode of the connection reference is set to true

A transaction can be done as follows using methods of the Connection

interface

...
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
(false); //by default it is true

try{
//Statements
connection.commit();
}
catch(Exception exception){
connection.rollback();
}

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Summary

Java Data Base Connectivity

– JDBC API

– Different drivers

– Set up a connection to a database from Java

– Create a database application

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