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R Prgms

The document discusses various concepts in R programming such as: 1) Using recursion to calculate factorials of numbers. 2) Creating multiplication tables by taking user input and iterating with a for loop. 3) Checking if a number is positive, negative, or zero using conditional statements. 4) Creating vectors and matrices using functions like c() and matrix(). 5) Importing and visualizing the iris dataset with a scatter plot of sepal length vs width. 6) Demonstrating logical statements, combining dataframes with rbind and cbind, adding factors, and plotting graphs.

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Radhiyadevi Chinnasamy
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41 views12 pages

R Prgms

The document discusses various concepts in R programming such as: 1) Using recursion to calculate factorials of numbers. 2) Creating multiplication tables by taking user input and iterating with a for loop. 3) Checking if a number is positive, negative, or zero using conditional statements. 4) Creating vectors and matrices using functions like c() and matrix(). 5) Importing and visualizing the iris dataset with a scatter plot of sepal length vs width. 6) Demonstrating logical statements, combining dataframes with rbind and cbind, adding factors, and plotting graphs.

Uploaded by

Radhiyadevi Chinnasamy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER APPLICATION PRACTICAL IV – ANALYSIS WITH SPSS & R

1. Find Factorial of a number using recursion

ALGORITHM

1. Define a function factorial_recursive that takes an integer n as input.


2. Check if the input number n is equal to 0 or 1. If true, return 1 (base case for factorial).
3. If the number n is not 0 or 1, recursively call the factorial_recursive function with n-1 and
multiply it with n.
4. Continue this recursion until n reaches 0 or 1, and then return the final computed factorial
value.
5. Prompt the user to input a number.
6. Check if the input number is non-negative.
7. If the number is non-negative, call the factorial_recursive function with the user-input
number.
8. Display the computed factorial of the entered number as the output.
9. Stop the program.

CODE

# Function to calculate factorial using recursion


factorial_recursive <- function(n) {
if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
return(1)
} else {
return(n * factorial_recursive(n - 1))
}
}

# Taking user input for the number


num <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number to calculate its factorial: "))

# Checking if the number is non-negative


if (num < 0) {
print("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.")
} else {
result <- factorial_recursive(num)
cat("Factorial of", num, "is", result)
}
OUTPUT
2. Write program to calculate Multiplication Table using R

ALGORITHM

1. Prompt the user to input a number.


2. Read the user input and store it in a variable num.
3. Start a loop from 1 to 10.
a. Inside the loop:
i. Calculate the product of num and the loop variable i.
ii. Print the multiplication table entry in the format: num * i = result.

CODE

# R Program to find the multiplicationtable (from 1 to 10)

# take input from the user


num = as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number: "))

# use for loop to iterate 10 times


for(i in 1:10) {
print(paste(num,'x', i, '=', num*i))
}

OUTPUT
3. Check if a Number is Positive, Negative or Zero

ALGORITHM

1. Prompt the user to input a number.


2. Read the input and store it in a variable num.
3. Check the value of num:
a. If num is greater than 0, print "Positive number".
b. If num is equal to 0, print "Zero".
c. If num is less than 0, print "Negative number".

CODE

num = as.double(readline(prompt="Enter a number: "))


if(num > 0) {
print("Positive number")
} else {
if(num == 0) {
print("Zero")
} else {
print("Negative number")
}
}

OUTPUT
4. Creating vector and matrices using R program

ALGORITHM

1. Numeric Vector:
a. Use the c() function to concatenate numeric elements into a vector.
2. Character Vector:
a. Use the c() function to concatenate character elements into a vector.
3. Numeric Matrix:
a. Use the matrix() function to create a numeric matrix.
b. Specify the range of values (1:12), the number of rows (nrow), the number of
columns (ncol), and the filling method (byrow or bycolumn).
4. Character Matrix:
a. Use the matrix() function to create a character matrix.
b. Specify the elements (c("a", "b", "c", "d")), the number of rows (nrow), and the
number of columns (ncol).

CODE

# Creating a numeric vector

numeric_vector <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

print(numeric_vector)

# Creating a character vector

character_vector <- c("apple", "banana", "orange")

print(character_vector)

# Creating a numeric matrix

numeric_matrix <- matrix(1:12, nrow = 3, ncol = 4, byrow = TRUE) # 3x4 matrix filled row-
wise

print(numeric_matrix)

# Creating a character matrix

character_matrix <- matrix(c("a", "b", "c", "d"), nrow = 2, ncol = 2)

print(character_matrix)

OUTPUT
5.
5. Import and Visualize data using scatter plots

Aim:

To import the iris dataset and visualize the relationship with Sepal Width and Sepal Length

ALGORITHM

1. Load the iris dataset:


Use the `data()` function to load the built-in `iris` dataset into R.

2. Assign variables:

- Assign the `Sepal.Width` column of the `iris` dataset to variable `x`.

- Assign the `Sepal.Length` column of the `iris` dataset to variable `y`.

3. Plotting:

- Set the plot title, x-axis label, y-axis label, plot symbol, and frame

CODE

data(iris) # Load the iris dataset

x <- iris$Sepal.Width # Use Sepal Width as x variable

y <- iris$Sepal.Length # Use Sepal Length as y variable

plot(x, y, main="Sepal Length vs Sepal Width", xlab="Sepal Width", ylab="Sepal Length", pch=10,
frame=TRUE)
OUTPUT
6. Logical statements, cbind/rbind command in R and Create dataset using dataframes and factors
and plot a graph.

Aim:

To demonstrate various concepts including logical statements, creating and manipulating


data frames using functions like `rbind` and `cbind`, and plotting a graph.

ALGORITHM

1. Logical Statements:

- Define a variable `number`.

- Check if `number` is even or odd using the modulo operator (`%%`).

- Print whether the number is even or odd.

2. Creating Dataframes and Combining them:

- Create two data frames `df1` and `df2` with some sample data.

- Use the `rbind` function to combine these data frames row-wise into `combined_df`.

3. Adding a New Column to the Combined Dataframe:

- Add a new column named 'Grade' to the `combined_df` dataframe using the `cbind` function.

- The values for this column are specified as factors.

4. Plotting a Graph:

- Create vectors `x` and `y` containing sample data for the x and y-axis values.

- Plot a line graph using the `plot` function with `x` and `y` as inputs.

- Customize the plot with a title, labels for the x and y axes, line type, color, and line width.

CODE
# Logical statements
# Checking if a number is even or odd
number = 15
if (number %% 2 == 0) {
print("Number is even")
} else {
print("Number is odd")
}

# Creating dataframes and using rbind and cbind functions


# First dataframe
df1 <- data.frame(
ID = 1:3,
Name = c("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"),
Score = c(85, 92, 78)
)

# Second dataframe
df2 <- data.frame(
ID = 4:5,
Name = c("David", "Emily"),
Score = c(88, 95)
)

# Using rbind to combine dataframes row-wise


combined_df <- rbind(df1, df2)
print(combined_df)

# Adding a new column using cbind


combined_df <- cbind(combined_df, Grade = factor(c("A", "B", "C", "B", "A")))
print(combined_df)

# Plotting a graph
# Creating vectors for x and y
x <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
y <- c(2, 4, 6, 8, 10)

# Plotting the graph


plot(x, y, type = "l", col = "blue", lwd = 2, main = "Linear Graph", xlab = "X-axis", ylab = "Y-axis")
OUTPUT

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