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Tutorial 1 - Basic Calculations

1. The document provides information and questions related to fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and chemical engineering calculations. It includes definitions of terms like Reynolds number, Joule-Thompson coefficient, and calculations involving density, pressure, temperature, molar mass, and flow rate. 2. Questions involve calculating pressure, density, composition by mass and mole percent, CO2 loading, gas molar mass and density, pressure using the van der Waals equation of state, temperature changes during throttling, weight of water on a roof, and fuel requirements to land an aircraft. 3. The document tests understanding of key concepts and ability to set up and solve various calculation problems in science and engineering.

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47 views3 pages

Tutorial 1 - Basic Calculations

1. The document provides information and questions related to fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and chemical engineering calculations. It includes definitions of terms like Reynolds number, Joule-Thompson coefficient, and calculations involving density, pressure, temperature, molar mass, and flow rate. 2. Questions involve calculating pressure, density, composition by mass and mole percent, CO2 loading, gas molar mass and density, pressure using the van der Waals equation of state, temperature changes during throttling, weight of water on a roof, and fuel requirements to land an aircraft. 3. The document tests understanding of key concepts and ability to set up and solve various calculation problems in science and engineering.

Uploaded by

lifeworld2401
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial 1

1. In a double effect evaporator plant, the second effect is maintained under vacuum of
475 Torr (mmHg). Find the absolute pressure in kPa, bar and psi.
a. (1 Torr = 0.1333 kPa = 1.333x10-3 bar = 1.934x10-2 psi)

2. A force equal to 192.6 N is applied on a piston with a diameter of 5 cm. Find the
pressure exerted on the piston in kPa, bar and psi.

3. The Reynolds number (Re) is an important dimensionless quantity in fluid mechanics


used to help predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations. The Reynolds
number is defined as,
𝜌𝜌.𝑣𝑣.𝐿𝐿
a. 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝜇𝜇
b. Where, ρ : density of fluid (kg.m-3)
c. v : velocity of fluid with respect to the object (m.s-1)
d. L : characteristic linear dimension (m)
e. Then, what is the unit of the dynamic viscosity of the fluid (µ)?

4. The density of liquid ethanol (ρ) in g.cm-3 as a function of temperature (T) in K has
been correlated via following equation:
a. 𝜌𝜌 (𝑔𝑔. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐−3 ) = 1.032 − 5.392 × 10−4 𝑇𝑇 − 8.712 × 10−7 𝑇𝑇 2
What are the units of the three constants if the equation is dimensionally homogeneous?
How would the correlation be altered to yield ethanol density in g.L-1?
5. An orifice meter is used to measure the rate of flow of a fluid in pipes. The flowrate is
related to the pressure drop by following equation,
∆𝑃𝑃
a. 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑐𝑐� 𝜌𝜌
b. where, u: fluid velocity (m.s-1)
i. ΔP: pressure drop (N.m-2)
ii. ρ: density of flowing fluid (kg.m-3)
c. What is the unit of ‘c’ in SI system?
6. Joule Thompson coefficient is defined as the ratio of temperature change to the pressure
drop.
∆𝑇𝑇
a. 𝜇𝜇𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽 = ∆𝑃𝑃
b. where, ΔT: temperature change (°C)
i. ΔP: pressure drop (mmHg)
c. Convert the equation to SI units such that pressure drop can be entered in kPa
and temperature change in K.
7. A sample of wine contains 20% alcohol on volume basis. Find the mass percent of
alcohol in wine. Assume specific gravities of alcohol and alcohol free liquid to be 0.79
and 1. Consider wine to be an ideal solution.
8. A saturated solution of KCl in aqueous HCl is prepared at 25° C by dissolving 4.0 g
HCl/ 100 g water and 19.61 g KCl/ 100 g water. Calculate mass % and mole %
composition of KCl in the solution.
9. An aqueous solution of monoethanolamine contains 20% MEA (by mass). It is utilised
for the absorption of CO 2 . Rich solution from the absorber contains 40 volume CO 2 .
Calculate CO 2 loading in term of moles of CO 2 dissolved per mole MEA assuming that
the density of the solution is 1.011 kg.L-1.
40 volumes CO 2 concentration means that a litre solution will liberate 40 L CO 2 at
101.325 kPa and 0 °C.
10. The analysis of a sewage gas sample from a municipal sewage treatment plant is given
below.
Methane 68%
Carbon dioxide 30%
Ammonia 2%
H 2 S, SO 2 , etc. Traces
Find average molar mass of the gas and density of gas at NTP.
11. A mass of 1.10 kg of CO 2 occupies a volume of 33 L at 27 °C. Using van der waals
equation of state, calculate the pressure.
[a = 3.60 m6.kPa.kmol-2, b = 4.3 x 10-2 m3.kmol-1]
12. A nitrogen cylinder is filled with nitrogen at 100 atm and 35 °C. Gas is throttled from
the cylinder to atmosphere. If the Joule-Thompson coefficient in this pressure range is
0.169 K/atm, calculate nitrogen temperature after throttling.
13. Flat-roof buildings are a popular architectural style in dry climates because of the
economy of materials of construction. However, during the rainy season water may
pool up on the roof decks so that structural considerations for the added weight must be
considered. If 15 cm of water accumulates on a 10 m by 10 m area during a heavy
rainstorm, determine the total added weight from the standing water the building must
support and the force of the water on the roof in psi.
14. Suppose you are enjoying a vacation in Cesna 152 (two seater aircraft) in Goa and
experience an unfortunate incidence wherein, the single pilot of your aircraft suffers a
cardiac disorder and you are assigned to land the aircraft safely. You are flying at an
altitude of 5000 ft in an airspace with speed limit of 120 kts. The minimum speed
required to keep airplane flying is 80 kts. The nearest airport is 30 miles apart and you
have 2.1 gallons of fuel left. The fuel burn rate with respect to speed is as follows:

Airspeed (kts) Fuel burn rate (L/h)


80 25
90 27.5
100 30
110 32.5
120 35
The air traffic controller is worried about you. What will be your response to ATC?
Justify with numbers.
Your
aircraft

5000 ft

Airport
Land

30 miles

15. A domestic liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder, conforming to IS: 4576, is stored
at 40° C. It is a mixture of 30% propane, 45% n-butane and 25% i-butane. Calculate
average molar mass of LPG in the cylinder.

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