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Matrix Transform

- Matrices can be used to represent points and polygons on the coordinate plane, and to perform transformations like translations, reflections, and rotations. - Transformations are classified based on whether they produce congruent or similar figures. Isometries produce congruent figures, while dilations produce similar figures. - Examples show how to set up and multiply vertex matrices by transformation matrices to find the images of figures under translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations.

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J Christopher Clement
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77 views8 pages

Matrix Transform

- Matrices can be used to represent points and polygons on the coordinate plane, and to perform transformations like translations, reflections, and rotations. - Transformations are classified based on whether they produce congruent or similar figures. Isometries produce congruent figures, while dilations produce similar figures. - Examples show how to set up and multiply vertex matrices by transformation matrices to find the images of figures under translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations.

Uploaded by

J Christopher Clement
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TRANSFORMATIONS

WITH
MATRICES

Section 4­4

Points on the coordinate plane can be represented by


matrices. The ordered pair (x, y) can be represented by the
column matrix at the right.

Polygons on the coordinate plane can be represented by placing all of


the column matrices into one matrix called a vertex matrix.

ΔABC with vertices A(3, 2), B(4, ­2 ),


and C(2, ­1) can be represented by the
following vertex matrix. A

C
B
You can use matrices to perform transformations.
(translations, reflections, and rotations)

Remember that the original figure is called the preimage


and the figure after the transformation is the image.

If the two figures are congruent then the


transformation is an isometry.

Example 1 Translation
a. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the image of
quadrilateral QUAD with Q(2, 3), U(5, 2), A(4, ­2),
and D(1, ­1), if it is moved 4 units to the left and 2 units up.

Write the vertex


matrix for
quadrilateral QUAD.

Write the transformation


matrix.
Example 1 continued

Vertex Matrix Translation Vertex Matrix


of QUAD Matrix of Q'U'A'D'

+ =

The coordinates of
Q'U'A'D' are:
Q'(­2, 5), U'(1, 4),
A'(0, 0) and D'(­3, 1).

b. Graph the
preimage and
the image.

Example 2
Rectangle A'B'C'D' is the result of a translation of rectangle ABCD.
A table of the vertices of each rectangle is shown. Find the coordinates
of A and D'.

Rectangle Rectangle
ABCD A'B'C'D'
A A'(­1, 1)
B(1, 5) B'(4, 1)
C(1, ­2) C'(4, ­6)
D(­4, ­2) D'
Dilations
When a figure is reduced or enlarged it is called a dilation.
All linear dimensions of the preimage change in the same ratio.

Example: If the length of each side of a figure doubles,


then the perimeter doubles, and vice versa.

When a dilation occurs, the figures are not congruent, they are similar.

Therefore, Dilations are not isometries.

You can use scalar multiplication to perform dilations.

Example 3 Dilation

ΔJKL has vertices J(­2, ­3), K(­5, 4), and L(3, 2). Dilate ΔJKL
so that its perimeter is one­half the original perimeter.

a. Find the vertices of ΔJ'K'L'.

Multiply the vertex


matrix for ΔJKL by the
scale factor ½ to find
the vertices of ΔJ'K'L'.
Example 3 continued

The coordinates of the


vertices of ΔJ'K'L' are
J'(­1, ­1½), K'(­2½, 2),
and L'(1½, 1).

b. Graph the
preimage and
the image.

Reflections
A reflection occurs when every point on a preimage is reflected across a
line of symmetry using a reflection matrix.

Reflection Matrices
For a reflection over the: x­axis y­axis line y = x

Multiply the vertex matrix


on the left by:
Example 4 Reflection

Find the coordinates of the image of pentagon PENTA with


P(­4 ,3), E(­1, 4), N(1, 3), T(0, 1), and A(­3, ­1) after a reflection
across the line y = x.

Write the vertex matrix and multiply it by the


reflection matrix for the line y =x.

x =

Example 4 continued
The coordinates of PENTA are: P(­4 ,3), E(­1, 4), N(1, 3),
T(0, 1), and A(­3, ­1).
The coordinates of P'E'N'T'A' are: P'(3, ­4), E'(4, ­1), N'(3, 1),
T'(1, 0), and A'(­1, ­3).

Graph the line y = x,


PENTA, and P'E'N'T'A'.
Rotations
A rotation occurs when a figure is moved around a center point, usually
the origin (0, 0). To determine a figure's image coordinates, multiply its
vertex matrix by a rotation matrix.

Rotation Matrices
For a counterclockwise
rotation about 900 1800 2700
the origin of:

Multiply the vertex matrix


on the left by:

Example 5 Rotation

Find the coordinates of the image of ΔABC with A(4, 3), B(2, 1),
and C(1, 5) after it is rotated 900 counterclockwise about the origin.

Write the vertex matrix and multiply it by the rotation matrix.

x =
Example 5 continued
The coordinates of ΔABC are: A(4, 3), B(2, 1), and C(1, 5).
The coordinates of ΔA'B'C' are: A'(­3, 4), B'(­1, 2), and C'(­5, 1).

Graph ΔABC
and ΔA'B'C'

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