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Sample Chapter 4 For Qualitative Research

This chapter presents and analyzes qualitative data related to the research problems. Two main forms of bullying emerged: verbal abuse like name-calling and teasing, and physical abuse such as hitting or pushing. Bullying negatively impacts victims' self-esteem and can lead to long-term effects. Coping mechanisms also emerged as a theme, with adaptive strategies like seeking help or building skills helping victims, while maladaptive coping like withdrawing or substance abuse can exacerbate problems.

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894 views4 pages

Sample Chapter 4 For Qualitative Research

This chapter presents and analyzes qualitative data related to the research problems. Two main forms of bullying emerged: verbal abuse like name-calling and teasing, and physical abuse such as hitting or pushing. Bullying negatively impacts victims' self-esteem and can lead to long-term effects. Coping mechanisms also emerged as a theme, with adaptive strategies like seeking help or building skills helping victims, while maladaptive coping like withdrawing or substance abuse can exacerbate problems.

Uploaded by

Kathrine Jane Luna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sample Chapter IV for Qualitative Research

CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter provides the presentation of qualitative data relative to the problems

posted in the statement of the problem. The corresponding analysis and interpretation of

data are incorporated in this portion of the study.

Forms of Bullying. The first statement of the problem explains what types of

bullying are. Based on the data received from respondents, two sub-themes developed in

terms of bullying, namely verbal abuse, and physical abuse. The two types of bullying are

based on the research participants' experiences.

Name-calling or Verbal Abuse. It is when someone, who is a bully, uses insulting

or demeaning language to mock, embarrass or insult another person (Robichaud, 2017).

The participants experienced teasing and name-calling which causes them distress and

undermines their feelings of security. Marcia (2016) supported this by emphasizing that

the every time someone is verbally abused, whether occasionally or regularly, it chips away

their confidence and diminishes their spirit. Verbal abuse can take place anywhere from

the playground and nobody is immune from encountering it. Shetgri (2013) cited physical

bullying and verbal bullying as direct forms and relational bullying as an indirect mode.

Physical bullying may include hitting, pushing, kicking, chocking, and forcefully taking

someone from the victim. Verbal bullying includes name-calling, threatening, taunting,

malicious teasing, and psychological intimidation using words and the like. Besides,

stealing, destroying things of others and making faces or offensive actions are other forms

of bullying, The relational type of bullying includes gossiping, slandering, sabotage,

convincing peers to exclude victims (Ferguson, Miguel, Kilburn & Sanchez, 2007)
Sample Chapter IV for Qualitative Research

Physical Bullying. This type of bullying may take many forms: hitting, pushing,

tripping, slapping, spitting, stealing or destroying possessions, including books, clothing,

or lunch money. Besides, physical bullying is a serious problem, affecting not only the

bully and the victim, but also the other students who witnessed the bullying. Parents,

teachers, and other concerned adults and young people should be aware of what a physical

bully is and some of the ways to handle it (Bullying Statistics, 2018).

Impact on Self-Perception and Confidence. The second statement of the problem

discusses the influence of bullying on self-perception and confidence. This subject

emphasizes the substantial impact bullying may have on an individual's sense of self-worth

and personal value.

Declining Self-Esteem. Self-esteem refers to our overall sense of self-worth and

competence. It influences how we see ourselves, interact with others, and navigate life's

challenges. Bullying, with its repeated attacks and negativity, can chip away at this self-

esteem, leading to a cascade of negative consequences. Numerous studies support this

theme. A meta-analysis by Rigby and Slee (2018) found that bullying significantly

negatively impacts victims' self-esteem, with effects persisting even after the bullying

stops. Similarly, a study by Calvete et al. (2014) showed that victims of cyberbullying

experience lower self-esteem compared to their non-victimized peers. The concept of "self-

fulfilling prophecy" also applies here. As victims internalize negative messages, they may

withdraw from social interactions, reinforce negative self-perceptions, and avoid

opportunities for success, ultimately fulfilling the bully's initial negative labels.

Understanding the impact of bullying on self-esteem is crucial for addressing the issue
Sample Chapter IV for Qualitative Research

effectively. Early intervention, support systems, and anti-bullying programs can help

prevent and mitigate the damage caused. Building victims' self-esteem through positive

reinforcement, social support, and skill development can empower them to overcome

negative experiences and build resilience.

Coping Mechanisms and Responses. The third statement of the problem describes

the participants' coping techniques and reactions. This theme sheds light on how

individuals navigate the emotional turmoil and social challenges triggered by bullying.

Coping mechanisms are strategies individuals use to manage stressful or overwhelming

situations. In the context of bullying, these strategies can be adaptive (constructive) or

maladaptive (destructive).

Adaptive Mechanisms. Adaptive coping tactics include obtaining assistance from

trustworthy adults or friends, engaging in self-affirming activities, learning relaxation

techniques, and building assertiveness skills. These practices help people develop

resilience and handle stress in healthy ways. Numerous studies explore the relationship

between bullying and coping mechanisms. For example, a study by Espelage and Swearer

(2003) found that victims who used adaptive coping mechanisms, such as seeking social

support, reported fewer depressive symptoms.

Maladaptive Mechanism. It refers to withdrawing from social interactions, self-

blame, substance abuse, or retaliatory behavior are examples of maladaptive coping

mechanisms. These strategies may offer temporary relief but can ultimately exacerbate the

problem and harm the individual and others. a study by Li et al. (2021) linked maladaptive
Sample Chapter IV for Qualitative Research

coping strategies like social withdrawal with increased anxiety and depression in bullied

individuals. The Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986) also provides insight. It suggests

that individuals learn coping mechanisms through observation and social interactions.

Bullied individuals may observe and adopt unhealthy coping strategies from peers or even

the bullies themselves, leading to a cycle of negativity. Understanding the diverse coping

mechanisms employed by victims of bullying is crucial for providing effective support.

Encouraging adaptive strategies, fostering supportive environments, and offering mental

health resources can empower individuals to navigate the challenges of bullying and build

resilience.

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