Department of Education

Pangasinan I
ASBURY COLLEGE INCORPORATED
Poblacion, Anda, Pangasinan 2405
A SEMI-DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICs
Grade 9 2nd Quarter

I. OBJECTIVE
At the end of a 60-minute period, the Grade Nine students will be able to describe, illustrate and
solve problems involving Inverse and Direct Variations with 99% proficiency level.

The learners will be able to:

Illustrate situations that involve the following variations:
a) direct variation
b) inverse variation
c) joint variation
d) combined variation

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Variations
A. Reference
Book, Internet
B. Materials
Visual aid, board, chalk and calculator
C. Ideas

D. Processes
Describing, illustrating, solving
E. Values
Active participation, cooperation, collaboration and thinking
III. PROCEDURE
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Checking of the attendance
3. Checking of the assignment
4. Review of the past lesson
5. Drill/Exercise
B. Motivation
Group Activity on Variations
C. Lesson Proper
Variations
A variation is a relation between a set of values of one variable and a set of values of other
variables.
Direct Variation or Direct Proportion:
Direct variation is a relationship between two quantities, x and y, where, as x increases y also
increases or as y decreases, x also decreases and the ratio between them is constant or the
same for all given values of the variables. So if y varies directly as x, then we say y = kx or 𝑘=𝑦
𝑥 and k is called the constant of variation.

Example 1 Which shows direct variation?

a) The time (t) required to perform the given amount of work to the number of persons (p)
working.
b) The circumference
(C) of a circle to its diameter
Answer:
a) When the number of persons working on a certain amount of work increases, the time for
them to finish that work decreases. This is not direct variation.
b) C = 𝜋𝑑, so the circumference of a circle is directly proportional to its diameter. This shows
direct variation.
Example 2 The commission
(C) of a salesman varies directly to the amount of his sales (S). How will his commission
change when his sales are doubled? Solution: C = k(S) C= k(2S) C = 2kS Therefore, the
commission is also doubled.
Example 3 The area (A) of the umbrella varies directly to the square of its radius (r). If the
radius of the umbrella is tripled, how is the area of the umbrella changed?
Answer: A = k𝑟2 A = k(3𝑟)2 A = 9k𝑟2 Hence, the area of the umbrella will be 9 times its
original area.

INVERSE VARIATION OR INVERSE PROPORTION

Inverse variation involves a relation of two quantities, x and y, where in, as x increases y
decreases, or when y increases x decreases and that their product remains constant. So, if “y
varies inversely as x” or “y is inversely proportional to x”, then the equation will be,𝒚= 𝒌 𝒙 , or
k =xy where k is the constant of variation or constant of relationship.

Example 1: At constant temperature, the Volume (V) of a gas varies inversely to the Pressure
(P). What happens to the volume when the pressure increases?
Answer: Since the Volume varies inversely with the pressure, then the Volume decreases as the
pressure increases.
Example 2: The number of hours (t) required to do a certain job varies inversely to the
number of men (n) working. If additional workers were hired, how will the number of hours to
finish the job changed?
 Answer: Since the relationship between the number of men and number of hours is inverse, the
number of hours to finish the job will decrease.
Example 3: The length (l) of a violin string varies inversely to the frequency (f) of its
vibrations. A violin string 14 inches long vibrates at a frequency of 450 cycles per second. If the
length of the string is reduced, what will happen to the frequency of it’s variation
Answer: The frequency of its vibration will increase.
Joint Variation
It is a type of variation in which one variable varies directly to the product of two or more
variables. Thus, we say, “the area of a triangle varies jointly to its base and height. The
constant of variation, ½, is obtained by dividing the area of the triangle by the product of its
base and height. In mathematical symbols, 𝐴=𝑘𝑏ℎ or 𝑘=𝐴 𝑏ℎ and k = ½. Example 1
Determine if the given illustrates joint variation or not.
a) Amount of interest; I = Prt
b) Volume of a box ; V = lwh
c) Acceleration of a car ; A = 𝑠 𝑡
Answer:
a) The amount of interest varies directly to two variables, P (Principal) and t(time). The
constant is r (rate of interest) so it is joint variation.
b) The Volume of a box varies directly to three variables (length, width, and height) so it is joint
variation.
c) The acceleration (A) of a car varies directly to its speed (S) and inversely o the time (t). It is
not a joint variation because two types of variation were used

Example 2 The volume (V) of a circular cylinder varies jointly to the square of the radius (r) of
the base and its height (h) with 𝜋 𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. If the radius is fixed and h is
doubled, how is V affected? Solution: V = 𝜋𝑟2ℎ V = 𝜋𝑟2(2ℎ ) V = 2𝜋𝑟2ℎ Therefore, the volume
is also doubled.

COMBINED VARIATION
When direct and inverse variations happen at the same time, it is called the combined variation.
Combined variation describes a relationship where a variable depends on two or more other
variables, varies directly with some of them and inversely with others. Combined Variation is a
combination of direct and inverse variations. That is, if y varies directly to x and inversely to z,
then in mathematical symbols y =𝒌𝒙 𝒛 𝒚𝒛 𝒙 = k Example 1 or Determine if the relationship is
combined variation or not. a. The distance (d) traveled by a car to its speed (r) and time of
travel (t). b. The speed (r) of the car to the distance (d) traveled and time of travel (t). c. The
time of travel (t) of a car to the distance (d) traveled and its speed (r).

D. Generalization
What is Direct Variation?
What is Inverse Variation?
What is combine variation?
What is joint variation?
 H. Application
 The bank balance is inversely proportional to spending. The more you spend, the less
you have in your account.
 The number of family members (who do not work) is inversely proportional to savings.
The more dependents you have, the less you can save.
 The working days required to complete the work are inversely proportional to the
number of labourers. The more workers you have, the faster you can finish the job.
 The velocity of the body is inversely proportional to time. The longer it takes to travel a
certain distance, the slower the speed

IV. EVALUATION
1. If the variables x and y vary directly when x = 3 and y = 15, then find the value
of y.
2. If the variables x and y vary directly when x = 9 and y = 64, then find the value
of y
3. Y varies inversely as x. Y = 4 when x = 2.
4. The time t requires to empty a tank varies inversely as the rate r of pumping. If
a pump can empty a tank in 2.5 hours at a rate of 400 gallons per minute, how
long will it take to empty a tank at 500 gallons per minute?
5. The force F needed to break a board varies inversely with the length l of the
board. If it takes 24 lbs of pressure to break a board 2 feet long, how many
pounds of pressure will it take to break a board that is 5 feet long?
6. Y varies inversely as the square root of x. Y = 6 when x = 16. Determine the
inverse variation equation. Then determine y when x = 4.
7. y varies jointly as x and z. If y = 5 when x = 3 and z = 4, find y when x = 6 and
z = 8.
8.
9. 2. y varies jointly as x and z. If y = 12 when x = 4 and z = 3, find y when x = 9
and z = 8.
10. y varies directly as x and inversely as z. If y = 5 when x = 3 and z = 4, find y
when x = 6 and z = 8.

V. ASSIGNMENT
Give at least 5 real life problems involving Direct and Inverse Variations.