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In case of the company B the customer had a real need for cloud infrastruc-ture. Anyway it can be
forecasted to be on its way to institutionalise its position on the companies’ every day business
operations, especially through hybrid cloud solutions. Page 71. The compa-ny is planning to
investigate further what are the real requirements for cloud services. The Department of Physics’
(JYFL) research and education areas cover theoretical and experimental subatomic and materials
physics and applications. European Journal of Information Systems 17(6), 589-613. If we assume
that the reason for the data gathering in. The cost depends on what the designed work-load is, if it is
247 workload, the cloud might not be the cheapest solution, but for ad hoc testing and development
purposes it on contrary could be very inter-esting option. How sourcing of business and IT services
impacts financial performance. Academy of management review, 14(4), 532-550. Etro, F. (2009).
The economic impact of cloud computing on business creation, employment and output in Europe.
Similarly, most of the contingency-based ME criteria do not identify method. Rosenberg has also
frequently asked for alternative. There are handled what system fami-lies and cloud opportunities
there are, what are possible workloads to transfer. (Task-Technology) B3: Unsuccessful virtual
private cloud portal trial. Phaphoom (2013) and Linthicum (2009) argued that green values had been
a driver or benefit when moving to cloud, but that was not the case in this study. Phaphoom, et al
(2013) note that manifesting certain types of benefits require time and cannot be pre-cisely
quantified in mathematical terms.Cloud providers charge for their ser-vices based on utility
computing model. The research by Linthicum (2009) indicated that companies could benefit from
cloud computing by cheaper cost, improved scalability and rapid set up of environments. There were
many uncertain-ties how the data is stored, where and who could access it. The contribution of this
study to practise could be summarized in a way that the companies are not ready to move their
production workloads on public cloud mainly for reasons that concern the lack of control who can
access their data and where it is located. Hourly rent rate might be more expensive than the in-house
solution, but the pay-as-you-go model potentially leads to cost savings in total. The PSIC-model has
been used earlier investigating an ERP-system im-plementation and its institutionalisation in a
company. The company has made a qualification form to check the cloud suitability of the services,
but it does not always provide the absolute truth whether it will work in the cloud (B3). Outsourcing
IT gives an opportunity to focus on core competencies and there is no such need to run business with
technical employ-ments (Phaphoom, et al 2013). Anandasivam, A., and Premm, M. (2009). Bid price
control and dynamic pricing in clouds. 17th European conference on information systems, 284,
ECIS, Verona. On some topics it was seen that participants did not have necessary knowledge or
experience to answer the absolute truth and therefore some answers were somewhat imagination-
based. Due to the customers’ business there are regulator’s requirements that have to be fulfilled. The
head of the department 2 stat-ed: “I think everyone has to take a stance in some level, I believe that
in one year we have pretty good understanding of the cloud as we are having so many cases and are
getting forward. Many studies have been concentrated on cloud acquisitions on different levels, but it
would be really interesting to see how information system provider’s business models change when
they change from traditional model to a SaaS world. On this chapter every details and events of the
PSIC-diagrams are not opened up to save space. Value proposition is in the middle in its own
perspective, cost structures and revenues are grouped into financial perspective. Then Strauss and
Corbin’s (1998) microscopic technique was used where all the transcribed texts were analysed in a
detailed way. Cloud solutions were seen to mitigate the acces- Page 57.
Therefore it is suggested to conduct quantitative research in order to get scientific evidence to further
validate the findings. Page 77. When you order something, there is no need to order through
subcontractor when every hour costs surprisingly much, so with that single one-time charge you can
run a server easily a month in a public cloud. It is somewhat hard to imagine a situation where
companies turn their own data center on public cloud. This thesis is descriptive and creates more
understanding around this broad topic. No decision so far on this topic, how should it be handled.
(Task-Actor-Technology-Structure) B8: Not sure what is going to be the new operating model with
Service Level Agreements. To have an idea Lyytinen et al. (2009) had interviewed during 11 years
altogether 63 persons involved in the ERP-project. It is hard and not even suggested to make any
further generalization of the Finnish cloud status regarding the handled themes based on this small
sample in the thesis. The pre-vious statement is a good summary of the main challenge the companies
felt when considering move to cloud infrastructure or doing it on larger volumes. In the innovation
model it is stated that the benefits are not known, the objectives and scope may change during
implementation while organizations understand what can be achieved. The companies are expecting
to receive more benefits of IaaS and PaaS so-lutions when they can even more automate their
operations. They add that there are more possibilities to interpret the answers than for example in
post questionnaire. The PSIC-framework was used to answer to the first research question’s second
part. Academy of management review, 14(4), 532-550. Etro, F. (2009). The economic impact of
cloud computing on business creation, employment and output in Europe. Lisatutkimuksia on syyta
tehda, esimerkiksi maarallisena, jotta tuloksia voitaisiin tehda laajem-pia paatelmia. In the future
costs would be easy to allocate based on their usage, on the biggest cases the compa-ny is already
doing so. Typical data can consist of e.g., interviews, questionnaires or surveys, measurement results,
material from archives, or code. Other project, which is using cloud infra-structure solution, is the
disaster recovery site. There were not many changes that were visible outside of the company.
Baden-Fuller and Haefliger (2010, p. 1) describe business model as “a system that solves the
problem of identifying who is (or are) the customer(s), engaging with their needs, delivering
satisfaction, and monetizing the value. The entire PSIC-diagrams can be found from appen-dix and
there are short explanations for every event. The Open Science Centre can also help with handling
references, as it arranges monthly training regarding reference management during semesters. In the
sixth chapter the material from the empirical study is processed, meaning the results from the
interviews. Trajectories are about continuous development, adaption and learning. With cloud
solutions they can easily access and create their servers from and to all around the world. The CIO of
the company A stated: “actually due to the fact that we have to show to our own customers and be
able to tell them about whether our solutions work in cloud or not so we want to familiarize
ourselves with the cloud offerings”. This vertical impact can be seen when higher-level system
influences a lower system by intervening in it. In conventional hosting models capacity is
underutilized some days of the month while data center is provisioning for the peak load and in-
stead, cloud computing comes cheaper as organizations pay by the hour price for computing
resources. After that one part of the hosting was giv-en to a new partner that constructed a virtual
private cloud for the company. Activity perspective indicates how value proposition is produced and
customer perspective how it is consumed. How should continuous integration and continuous
development work is under investiga-tion.
Also Leimeister, et al (2010) suggested that cloud computing might experience business model
changes. Companies acquiring IaaS or PaaS services seem to experience only internal changes as the
service provid-ers experience external changes as well. Development manager described the move in
the following way: “First of all from the cost point of view it is always tempting option. In a
summary the overall change is not yet known, there are needed many trials, studying and experiences
(B12). With cloud solutions they can easily access and create their servers from and to all around the
world. Also organizations that are using public cloud are ensured to align with technologi-cal
advancements (Phaphoom, et al 2013.). Hardware benefits arise from virtualization, which provides
a way to con-solidate distributed hardware resources, allowing for standardized and central-ized
management. Also integrators’ role was seen to be important in many cases in the future. The
company is looking for the smartest ways of producing each service. (Task-Structure-Technology)
W4: Provision and such need plenty of bureaucracy; there are many organizations involved. It is
important to represent a variety of voices by including variety of subjects in the sample from
different organizational levels. This chapter describes how the research was done in detailed level so
that the readers can better understand the steps and how the results were achieved. Especially the
focus should concentrate how to combine different mod- Page 76. Utility-based pricing is the same
as pay-per-use and this pricing model can occur on different cloud architectural levels. Reaching
closure. The study process starts from defining the research question and in the second stage the
appropriate scope is chosen. This solution was rejected, but there is a need for improved technology
automation in the future. The research problem, aim and scope are described in more detailed in a
chapter 1.2 and the entire structure descrip-tion of the thesis can be found from the chapter 1.3. In
this chapter is a little his- Page 8. Regarding the transfer of produc-tion information systems to
cloud, companies continued being leery. There is for example speculated that the difference between
private cloud and virtual environment is a thin red line. Model was nor flexible neither cost-
effective. (Structure-Task) W2: Provider was not operating as agile as expected; it had consequences
why other provider was chosen for the virtual private cloud. (Structure-Task) W3: Virtual
environments criticized a little, as they did not equal physical dedicated machines. The company B
head of the department felt that after they started using cloud infrastructure their roles and
responsibilities became clearer. Earlier company offered application code execution and it was
customer decision to choose where the service was running. To have an idea Lyytinen et al. (2009)
had interviewed during 11 years altogether 63 persons involved in the ERP-project. Resources can be
scaled based on the need. 5. Rapid set up of cloud environment: deploying cloud services is ra-ther
fast, only taking hours or few days. In the figure 5 there is general model of cloud ecosystem when
cloud service may be facilitated by a Page 26. These findings stood in line with the previous
literature. The nature of the study was descriptive and its purpose is to create more understanding on
this broad and complex topic. Oxford University Press. Myers, M., D. and Newman, M. (2007). The
qualitative interview in IS research: Examining the craft. This vertical impact can be seen when
higher-level system influences a lower system by intervening in it. By shaping, adapting and
renewing business models companies can create value over ex-tended periods. For example how
should the development and operations departments co-operate more closely is under investigation.
The writer of the thesis can choose how openly the thesis is shown online when downloading and
saving it to JYX.
Large portion of the beam time of the bigger cyclotron is used for commercial services. All the com-
panies had disequilibrium moments during their cloud deployments, which were stabilized by
corrective actions. The CIO of the company A and IT-architect of the company C stated that they
have to build their own solutions in a way that they can easily and quickly change infrastructure
providers. The com-panies first have outsourced most of the IT, virtualized servers, deployed pro-
duction workloads into virtual private clouds and on ad hoc basis use public cloud for test,
development and proof of concepts. In every diagram are shown process events that were picked up
from the material database. Commission Sell custom creations Offer one-of-a-kind creations. This
adaptation requires that the constructed method is modeled with a modeling. Change of the foreman
had affect. (Actor-Technology) W2: Stable state B2: stable state W3: IT-staff was transferred to
outsourcing partner, IT-staff close to development stayed in-house. (Structure-Task) B3: After
outsourcing company need more upper level knowledge what to order (not technical), there were not
many people in house who knew enough of the systems, but staff at outsourcing partner had many.
Outsourcing IT gives an opportunity to focus on core competencies and there is no such need to run
business with technical employ-ments (Phaphoom, et al 2013). When systems are cloud agnostic, it
would be easier to transfer workloads from a cloud provider to another. Complete the Taiwanese
experience with the finest Crispy Durian Cream Puff, Polo Bun, and Original Cheese Tart. Those
systems that cannot be on public cloud could leverage the benefits of hybrid clouds. Then the CIO
added that there might come new roles such as cloud brokers, who sell capacities from different
providers through one easy accessible portal. Page 59. The study illustrates the current status of the
institutionalization, challenges and opportunities. Development manager explained: “ probably the
flexibility is the number one thing, we have as of now a bit flexibility, but it has nothing to do with
the cloud flexibility”. CATWOE). Therefore, from the ME point of view, the learning cycle has been
used. The work has been started on the biggest cases. (Structure-Actor) B6: IT-role has decreased on
new server acquisitions and they are more business driven. Entrepreneurship Therory and Practice,
17(2), 5-15. Another one, which was also related to this self-service and flexibility, was the time-to-
market. Welke 1992). Its effective use is difficult, because it is almost impossible to. As the analysis
of the method evaluation literature. This kind of end-user organ-ization empowerment can be seen
through increased self-service possibilities, short-term contracts and different solution or
configuration design options available on demand. There is a great interest to reveal the causations
why compa-nies are moving to cloud or what is preventing the move. It can be said that the way
system responds to a gap depends on three factors; 1) sys-tem’s current deep structure, 2) its
composition rules, and 3) history. Not known what country’s laws should be followed in case of data
breach. (Technology-Actor-Task-Structure) Page 86. Should the control be transferred to one
department or should each department be responsible of their capacities. These best performance
executors place a higher priority on business objectives and agility and are able to innovate and
capitalize on those growth opportunities. The third chapter presents theory of the business models
and value net-works and how they align with cloud services. It is not totally clear how to tackle the
conflict between the flexibility and com-petitive usage of cloud. For example, when the data was
collected; software or devices used to collect the data or required to view the data etc.
In the project there is first clarified how to build up and unify infrastructures. ME research because
ISD and thus method use is considered situational, or even. Definitely there is no universal rule for
this, but every company has to make these decisions internally. Also Leimeister, et al (2010)
suggested that cloud computing might experience business model changes. Notation-based ME is
more concise than those based on conceptual structures: it. If the thesis was ordered by a company,
the student can also construct a free form document or a presentation that handles the company’s
internal affairs and information that would not be handled in a public thesis. Teece (2010) express
that “a business model articulates the logic, the data, and other evidence that support a value
proposition for the customer, and a viable structure of revenues and costs for the enterprise delivering
that value”. Every step takes plenty of time, and cloud deployment has not as such removed these
challenges. Many times new operational models bring uncertainties, but they can once in a while
clarify issues. Similarities were recognized using affinity diagram method. As Lyytinen, et al (2009)
stated the PSIC-model is used to create a process model at micro-level of how systems as material
carries of institutional logics are locally adopted and institutionalized. Enfolding literature means
comparison with conflict-ing and similar literature. From the results it can be noticed that flexibility,
automation capabilities and end-user empowerment were the main reasons and benefits from cloud
usage. Distribution channels had not changed, but training sessions were able to arrange in different
and easier way, which really helped trainers work. All the companies had one interviewed who
claimed that the active selling from the provider side was one driver and had real influence on the
decision-making. Especially the focus should concentrate how to combine different mod- Page 76.
IDC has analysed that during 2013 uptake of on-premises clouds, hosted dedicated clouds, and
virtual private clouds reached 40 % growth (Ahorlu, 2013). The company has to go through the roles
and capabilities. Reaching closure. The study process starts from defining the research question and
in the second stage the appropriate scope is chosen. For example, when the data was collected;
software or devices used to collect the data or required to view the data etc. This also strengthens
the fact that the cloud trajectory has been punctuated and there is no clear defined goal. He defined:
“Maybe the greatest benefit is that the cloud possibility exists, so all of these who of-fer more
traditional solutions know that cloud is a realistic choice. Head of the department 2 described: “if
you think about that our basic service thing is that our hosting services are out-sourced and it is not
wanted that our staff would do things as patching or such. Now the provision goes through sub-
contractor’s ticketing system and is seen as one sort of bottleneck. Hirsjarvi, Remes and Saja-vaara
(2009) describe benefits of interviews compared to other data collection methods, as it is really
flexible method that can be adjusted as the interview process progress and the questions and their
order can be changed. It is suggested to use models such as mirroring to help the researcher to access
the subject’s world in the subject’s language. There are many different opinions and the business is
changing with a great speed. In the BPaaS enterprise cloud providers offer methods for the
modelling, utilization, customization and (distributed) execution of business processes, traditionally
referred to as work-flows. The materials research activities within the AL are strongly supported by
researchers and instruments within the Jyvaskyla NanoScience Center. That kind of gullible optimism
has disappeared along the way”.
In the cloud computing value network can be recognized the following stakeholders: consumers,
providers, enablers, and regulators. Then the interviewed gave an introduction of his role and
experience in the IT-sector and in the enterprise. Established usage of the cloud is so far only coming.
(Structure-Tasks) W5: Services cannot be carried out fast enough, in a flexible way and as self-
service, all the tasks were coming from the partner. Anyhow, these private cloud models do not have
as flexible payment models as public clouds. The company A CIO commented: “There maybe the
unit price is not that relevant as the pricing structures are so dif-ferent. Also this study managed to
point out that at least these case study companies had already outsourced their IT before moving to
cloud solutions. The university and its faculties have their own guidelines on defining a thesis and its
contents, and these guidelines can also contain categories for possible publication channels. This
makes it that it does not entirely follow our original strategy that everything is out-sourced. These
data issues do not only arise from the customers, but there are industry regulators, who have their
require-ments and guidelines, which have to be followed accordingly. Gaps are generated many
times by abrupt events, which are also known as critical incidents. Complete the Taiwanese
experience with the finest Crispy Durian Cream Puff, Polo Bun, and Original Cheese Tart. IDC has
analysed that during 2013 uptake of on-premises clouds, hosted dedicated clouds, and virtual private
clouds reached 40 % growth (Ahorlu, 2013). In the fourth stage, in the empirical stage, the
interviews took place at the customer’s premises in Finnish. Interviewed professionals are described
in the table 1. With the PSIC-model, this paper is illustrating all the ma-jor change factors that
occurred while interviewed enterprises were acquisition-ing cloud computing and trying to
institutionalize it. All the companies defined that one mode of the flexibility is the possibility to sign
contracts without long commitments. In the future there might not exists same kind of service level
agreements as these days and it was felt to change the operating and value network opera-tions. The
study works best as a dialogue opener, which can be used to further under-stand cloud service
acquisitions, deployments and institutionalization. Flexibility, we can get capacities on demand and
reduce it and we only pay what we use. It is also suggested to further study how much cloud
providers could speed up the adoption process by actively interlocking with the customer and
mitigating the doubts and adoption challenges they might hold. This new model of cloud computing
heralds the paradigm of an asset-free provision of technological capabilities (Leimeister, et al 2010.).
Prede-cessors of the cloud computing have existed for some time, but the cloud term became
somewhat popular around 2007, when major information technology companies announced
collaboration in that domain (Vouk, 2008). This means that the student would be a co-creator with
their supervisor. Head of the department explained: “with the public cloud the history is that we did
not have enough flexibility with the capacity, so we needed capabilities to create servers quickly.
Digital Sales Sell your publications commission-free as single issues or ongoing subscriptions. Many
times it is problematic that the questions have to be created during the interview on the fly and the
researcher has to be good listener and moreover understand hints between the lines. The system
manager ex-plained: “There is a big project ongoing. The company wants to keep IT-management and
bureaucracy on light level. Similar to a transcript, it gives UNC Charlotte students access to their plan
of study as well as an overall glance of their academic progress. The company B is information
system’s solution and service provider and they have customers from financial and energy sector
among the others. Also the company is planning to build their systems in a way that it would be
possible to change providers quickly.
This chapter describes the trajectories of the cloud acquisitions and deploy-ments. The supervisor can
raise discussion about doctoral studies during a Master’s thesis writing process. So the company has
deployed production systems in their own data center in the private cloud, which is hosted by a third
part. Other mouth-watering selections to go for include their Taiwanese Pork Floss Crepe, Taiwanese
Braised Beef Noodle Soup, and grilled skewer choices. To give credit to Bush, it should be noted
that he. The latest ap-proach to outsourcing is the relationship management, which is a key factor to
a successful outsourcing project (Leimeister, et al 2010). What was found positive was that there was
no longer need to invest into technology and tie capital on IT and moreover the company benefits
automatically provider’s most modern technologies. One big doubt was that who can really access
the data and from where. After all cloud was felt to be application layer issue and infrastructure and
platform are only enabling layers. The events are contextual-ized and a model needs to be expanded
with a narrative about the environment. QR Codes Generate QR Codes for your digital content. As a
result PSIC-models were created to describe cloud services’ (IaaS and PaaS) institutionalizations. In
the antecedent conditions the company had their own machines at partner’s data center as well as in
own installations. Maybe more surprisingly also the availability and infrastructure’s reliability were
slightly doubted. That kind of gullible optimism has disappeared along the way”. Case study
companies felt that they had not had immediate strong chang-es on their value networks, but that
there were expected such to occur. In the research were used Eisenhardt’s (1989) eight research
steps. 5.1 Case studies in general From the time perspective, case studies do not have to concern only
the present, but it is also a powerful method to describe the past, where the object of the re-search is
described, analysed and compared to other cases in general. Also in the company B the development
man-ager explained that cloud strategy is essential part for the process of deploying cloud, as in this
way the decisions are based on orderliness. The strongest changes were felt on the cost structure,
activities and resources, which can be described as internal changes. This study came to the same
result with Chow’s, et al (2009) that companies are testing public cloud with smaller projects. Page
67. Similarly, most of the contingency-based ME criteria do not identify method. The CIO stated:
“we have to be able to tell to our own customers if our applications work in cloud, so we want to get
familiar with different selection that there is”. Sometimes it is needed to adapt to conditions and
change the approach, nevertheless it does not mean giving up with the initial research targets (Yin,
2009). All the new cloud operations are causing that personnel roles and knowhow needs are under
checking (B6). As a limitation it has to be stated some of the partic-ipants had not been the whole
cloud trajectory on the companies’ services. This way there were fewer manual tasks, even though
the automation and scaling possi-bilities are expected to improve in the future. There are guidelines
that are pointed out when performing qualitative in-terview. Cloud us-age is seen as one way of
outsourcing in this study. 1.2 Research problem, aim and scope This study is investigating why
organizations are deploying cloud computing, especially infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and
platform as a service (PaaS). These are presented as the em-pirical study investigates whether
changes occurred on them or not. Phaphoom, et al (2013) note that manifesting certain types of
benefits require time and cannot be pre-cisely quantified in mathematical terms.Cloud providers
charge for their ser-vices based on utility computing model.