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Tutorial Solutions

1. This document contains the answers to multiple tutorials on composite materials. 2. It includes stress, strain and modulus calculations for various laminate configurations under different loading conditions. 3. Key results presented include failure loads, transformed reduced stiffness matrices, and elastic properties for different layups.

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charlottekiel12
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views

Tutorial Solutions

1. This document contains the answers to multiple tutorials on composite materials. 2. It includes stress, strain and modulus calculations for various laminate configurations under different loading conditions. 3. Key results presented include failure loads, transformed reduced stiffness matrices, and elastic properties for different layups.

Uploaded by

charlottekiel12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Selected Answers

Tutorial 1

1. 1) 𝑣𝑓 = 0.6575 , 𝑣𝑚 = 0.3425 ; 2) 𝜌𝑐 = 2055 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3


2. 𝐸1 = 36.04 GPa, 𝐸2 = 5.52 GPa, 𝐺12 = 2.13 GPa, 𝜈12 = 0.26 GPa,
3. 𝐸2 = 9.03 GPa, 𝐺12 = 2.86 GPa
4. 𝑣𝑔𝑟 = 25.21 %

Tutorial 2

2.59 × 10−11 −6.74 × 10−12 0


1. [𝑆] = [−6.74 × 10−12 1.21 × 10−10 0 ] , Pa−1
0 0 2.42 × 10−10
𝜈21 = 0.0557

39.17 2.18 0
[𝑄] = [ 2.18 8.39 0 ] × 109 , Pa
0 0 4.14
72
𝜇𝑚
[𝜀] = [−376]
𝑚
966

1.12 × 10−10 −2.20 × 10−11 −2.36 × 10−11


̅
2. [𝑆 ] = [−2.20 × 10−11 6.49 × 10−11 −5.87 × 10−11 ] , Pa−1
−2.36 × 10−11 −5.87 × 10−11 1.81 × 10−10

11.09 7.18 3.78


[𝑄̅] = [ 7.18 26.48 9.55] , GPa
3.78 9.55 9.13
𝜀𝑥 196.5
𝜇𝑚
[ 𝜀𝑦 ] = [−473.6] 𝑚
𝛾𝑥𝑦 851.5

𝜀𝑥 0 −47.1
𝜇𝑚
3. [ 𝜀𝑦 ] = [𝑆] [0] = [−117.5] 𝑚
𝛾𝑥𝑦 2 361.2

𝜀𝐴 ;
𝜇𝑚
𝜀𝐵 (240 ) = −47.1 cos2 240 ∘ − 117.5 sin2 240∘ + 361.2 cos 240 ∘ sin 240 ∘ = 56.5
∘
𝑚
𝜇𝑚
𝜀𝐶 (120∘ ) = −47.1 cos2 120∘ − 117.5 sin2 120 ∘ + 361.2 cos 120∘ sin 120∘ = −256.3𝑚
Tutorial 3

1. [0/45/−45/90] = [0/±45/90]
[0/45/−45/−45/45/0] = [0/±45]_𝑆
[0/90/60/60/90/0] = [0/90/60]S
̅̅̅̅]𝑆
[0/45/60/45/0] = [0⁄45⁄60
[45/-45/45/-45/-45/45/-45/45] = [±452]S

2. [45/-45]S= [45/-45/-45/45]
[45/-452/90]S= [45/-45/-45/90/90/-45/-45/45]
[45/0]3S= [45/0/45/0/45/0/0/45/0/45/0/45]
[45/±30]2= [45/30/-30/45/30/-30]
[45/∓30]2= [45/-30/30/45/-30/30]

3.
39.17 2.18 0
[𝑄]0 = [ 2.18 8.39 0 ] 𝐺𝑃𝑎;
0 0 4.14
11.09 7.18 3.78
[𝑄]60 = [ 7.18 26.47 9.55] 𝐺𝑃𝑎;
3.78 9.55 9.13

11.09 7.18 −3.78


[𝑄]−60 = [ 7.18 26.47 −9.55] 𝐺𝑃𝑎;
−3.78 −9.55 9.13

7.67 2.07 0
[𝐴] = [2.07 7.67 0 ] 106 𝑃𝑎. 𝑚;
0 0 2.8
−0.439 0.078 −0.059
[𝐵] = [ 0.078 0.283 −0.149] 103 𝑃𝑎. 𝑚2 ;
−0.059 −0.149 0.078
0.108 0.021 −0.007
[𝐷] = [ 0.021 0.078 −0.019] 𝑃𝑎. 𝑚3 ;
−0.007 −0.019 0.030

4. Invert the 6 × 6 matrix [ABD]


0.200 −0.051 0.002
[𝐴∗ ] = [−0.051 0.175 −0.045] 10−6 (𝑃𝑎. 𝑚)−1 ;
0.002 −0.045 0.422
0.902 −0.196 0.237
[𝐵∗ ] = [−0.229 −0.477 0.540 ] 10−3 (𝑃𝑎. 𝑚2 )−1 ,
0.068 0.746 −0.850
0.902 −0.229 0.068
[𝐶 ∗ ] = [𝐵∗ ]𝑇 = [−0.196 −0.477 0.746 ] 10−3 (𝑃𝑎. 𝑚2 )−1 ,
0.237 0.540 −0.850
13.86 −3.21 1.90
[𝐷 ∗ ] = [−3.21 18.46 6.07 ] (𝑃𝑎. 𝑚3 )−1
1.90 6.07 43.55
𝜀0 0 50
𝐴∗ 𝐵∗ 𝑁
[𝜅 ] = [ ∗ 𝑇 ] [ ], where 𝑁 = [0 ], and [𝑀] = [ 0 ] 𝑁𝑚/𝑚
0 𝐵 𝐷∗ 𝑀
0 0
45.09 693
𝜀0 = [−11.44] 10−3 , 𝜅0 = [−160] 𝑚−1
3.41 95
𝜎𝑥 0.054
[ 𝜎𝑦 ] = [𝑄]60 [𝜀0 + (−0.0625 × 10−3 )𝜅0 ] = [−48.7] MPa
𝜏𝑥𝑦 −28.8
𝜎1 𝜎𝑥 −62.34
[ 𝜎2 ] = [𝑇(60∘ )] [ 𝜎𝑦 ] = [ 13.72 ] MPa
𝜏12 𝜏𝑥𝑦 6.18

5. For [0⁄60⁄−60]𝑆 :
15.34 4.14 0 1.085 0.129 0.030
6 𝑃𝑎. 𝑚;, [𝐵] = 0, [𝐷] = [
[𝐴] = [ 4.14 15.34 0 ] 10 0.129 0.483 0.075] (𝑃𝑎. 𝑚3 )−1
0 0 5.60 0.030 0.075 0.198
Since [𝐵] = 0 and [𝑁] = 0 it follows that 𝜀0 = 0, and [𝐷][𝜅0 ] = [𝑀]. Either calculate [𝐷] −1 or solve:
1.085 0.129 0.030 𝜅𝑥 50
[0.129 0.483 0.075] [ 𝜅𝑦 ] = [ 0 ]
0.030 0.075 0.198 𝜅𝑥𝑦 0
From the second row/equation:
𝜅𝑥 = −3.756𝜅𝑦 − 0.5796𝜅𝑥𝑦
Substitute into the third row:
𝜅𝑦 = 4.9721𝜅𝑥𝑦
Hence, 𝜅𝑥 = −19.255𝜅𝑥𝑦 . Substitute 𝜅_𝑥 and 𝜅𝑦 into the first row and solve for 𝜅𝑥𝑦 :
1
𝜅𝑥𝑦 = −2.473 𝑚
Finally,
𝜅𝑥 47.627
1
𝜅
[ 𝑦 ] = [−12.295] , 𝑚
𝜅𝑥𝑦 −2.473
Global stresses at top of 60∘ (𝑧 = −0.25𝑚𝑚):
𝜎𝑥 11.09 7.18 3.78 47.627 107.7
[ 𝜎𝑦 ] = [𝑄̅]60 (𝑧 𝜅) = [ 7.18 26.47 9.55] 109 (−0.25 × 10−3 ) [−12.295] = [−1.876] 𝑀𝑃𝑎,
𝜏𝑥𝑦 3.78 9.55 9.13 −2.473 10
Local stresses:
𝜎1 𝜎𝑥 32.2
𝜎
[ 𝜎2 ] = [𝑇(60 )] [ 𝑦 ] = [ 71.6 ] 𝑀𝑃𝑎
∘
𝜏12 𝜏𝑥𝑦 −52.4

6. Let 𝑡45 = 1, and 𝑡−45 = 2 (middle ply), ℎ = 4,


226.6 169.3 0
[𝐴] = [169.3 226.6 0 ]
0 0 186.4
𝐸𝑥 = 25.03 GPa ; 𝐸𝑦 = 25.03 GPa ; 𝐺𝑥𝑦 = 46.6 GPa ; 𝜈𝑥𝑦 = 𝜈𝑦𝑥 = 0.7471 ;
7. [-30/45/-45/-30] is a total laminate
[-30/30/-30/30] is a balanced angle ply laminate
[30/-30/30] is a symmetric angle ply laminate
[45/30/-30/-45] is an antisymmetric laminate
[0/90/0/90/0/90/90] is a cross-ply laminate
[0/90/90/90/90/0] is a symmetric cross-ply laminate
[0/18/36/54/72/90/-18/-36/-54/-72] is a quasi-isotropic laminate

8.
9. [0/60/– 60] is quasi-isotropic and [60/– 60/60] is not
10. No

Tutorial 4

1. (𝜎1𝑇 )𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 657 MPa ; (𝜎1𝐶 )𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 29 MPa; (𝜎2𝑇 )𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 20.6 MPa
2. 1) graphite/epoxy 2) graphite/epoxy
3. 𝜎 = 78.5 MPa, Shear (Max stress)
4. 𝜎 = 68 MPa, Shear (Max stress)
5. 171 MPa, Shear

Tutorial 5

1. 𝑁𝑥 = 44.6 kN/m, - Failure of 90° ply in transverse tension (Max stress theory).
2. Notice that for both [0⁄̅90 ̅̅̅̅] matrix [𝐵] vanishes.
̅̅̅]𝑠 and [45⁄−45
𝑠
[0⁄̅90
̅̅̅]𝑠 ̅̅̅̅]
[45⁄−45 𝑠
Longitudinal modulus 𝐸𝑥, GPa 28.65 12.40
Transverse modulus 𝐸𝑦, Gpa 18.49 12.40
Shear modulus 𝐺𝑥𝑦, GPa 4.14 10.29
Poisson’s ratio 𝜈𝑥𝑦 0.117 0.499
Tensile strength in 𝑥-direction, MPa 18.5 91.1
Tensile strength in 𝑦-direction, MPa 69.4 91.1
Shear strength in x-y plane, MPa 72.0 68.5

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