Weather Forecasting system

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGENEERING

SUBMITTED BY : Y MONISH
REGISTRATION NO.12308948
ROLL NO :
12
GROUP: K23CW

Report entitled “INDIA WHEATHER FORECAST” done by me under the guidance of

Dr. “AMANDEEP PAUL” is submitted in fulfillment of computer science

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am pleased to acknowledge my sincere thanks to Management of LOVELY

PROFFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY for their kind encouragement in doing this report and
for completing it successfully. I am grateful to them.

I would like to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my report Guide Dr.
AMANDEEP PUAL for his valuable guidance, suggestions and constant
encouragement paved way for the successful completion of my project.
 ABSTRACT
Weather forecasting is one of the most scientifically and technologically
challenging problems around the world in the last century. To make an accurate
prediction is indeed, one of the major challenges that meteorologists are facing all
over the world. To predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location,
Weather Forecasting is used. Weather forecasting is made by collecting numerous
data predicted by very proper understanding of the collected data. Weather simply
refers to the condition of air on the earth at given place and time. It is a continuous,
data-intensive, multidimensional, dynamic and chaotic process. These processes
make weather forecasting a formidable challenge.

Forecasting is the process of estimation in unknown situations from the

historical data. It is the application of science and technology. Weather forecast is
more helpful for people as it predicts how the future weather is going to be and
people may plan accordingly. Farmers will be most beneficial one’s as they may
know the rainfall prediction accordingly. The weather forecast can be done in many
ways like using the previous data or analyzing the current clouds.

This proposed application concentrates on weather forecasting with an

improved prediction and reliable accuracy. Traditional observations made at the
surface of atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, humidity,
precipitation are collected routinely from trained observers, automatic weather
stations or buoys. During the data assimilation process, information gained from the
observations is used in conjunction with a numerical model's most recent forecast
for the time that observations were made to produce the meteorological analysis.

Numerical weather prediction models are computer simulations of the

atmosphere. They take the analysis as the starting point and evolve the state of the
atmosphere forward in time using understanding of physics and fluid dynamics. The
complicated equations which govern how the state of a fluid changes with time
require supercomputers to solve them. The output from the model provides the basis
of the weather forecast.
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Figure Page

No. Name No.

4.1 Architecture Diagram 19

4.2 Data Flow Diagram 20
5.1 Home Page Diagram 21
5.2 Result Page 1 Diagram 22
5.3 Result Page 2 Diagram 23
INTRODUCTION

Overview of the Project

Weather prediction is the application of technology to predict the action

of the atmosphere for a given location. It is becoming increasingly vital for
business, agriculturists, farmers, disaster management and related
organizations to understand the natural phenomena. The art of weather
prediction began with using the reoccurring astronomical and meteorological
events to help them to monitor the seasonal changes in the weather.
Throughout these centuries, this attempt is made to produce forecasts based
on weather changes and personal observations. Weather prediction has been
one of the most interesting domains.

The scientists are been trying to forecast the meteorological data using
a big set of methods, some of them more accurate than others. Weather
forecasting is an essential application in meteorology and has been one of the
most scientifically challenging problems around the world. Weather condition is
a state of atmosphere at given time and the weather parameters are
temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The accuracy of the prediction depends
on knowledge of prevailing weather condition over large areas. Weather is the
non-linear and dynamic process as it varies day to day even minute to minute;
the big challenge of weather is data intensive and the frenzied nature.

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Weather forecasting means predicting the weather and telling how the weather
changes with change in time. Change in weather occurs due to movement or
transfer of energy. Many meteorological patterns and features like anticyclones,
depressions, thunderstorms, hurricanes and tornadoes occur due to the physical
transfer of heat and moisture by convective process. Clouds are formed by
evaporation of water vapour. As the water cycle keeps on evolving the water
content in the clouds increases which in turn leads to precipitation. It is also
possible to identify the different types of cloud associated with different patterns of
weather. These patterns help in predicting the weather forecast. We are always
with or around a weather forecast; we always carry it with us and never want to be
away from it.
Weather forecasting is one of the prominent topics that have
influenced people’s lives and activities over a long time. It is a kind of
scientific activity, contributing to the social and economic welfare in many
sections of the society.

Weather forecasts are issued to protect life and property, save life
and tell us what changes to except in the atmosphere. They provide vital
information to a wide range of categories: agriculture, aviation, commerce,
marine, advisories, etc. Forecasting can also significantly influence
decision and policymaking, construction planning, productivity and
environmental risk management. People can also know and be aware of
atmospheric changes through variables such as temperature, wind speed
and direction, cloudiness and precipitation.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Mark Holmstrom, Dylan Liu, Christopher Vo (2016) concluded that

both linear and functional regression did not perform as well as professional
weather forecasting methods but in the longer run differences in their
performances decreased, suggesting that over a longer period of time,
Machine learning can indeed outperform professional and traditional
methods. Linear regression is a low bias and high variance algorithm and
hence its accuracy can be improved by collecting further data.
Sanyam Gupta, Indumathy, Govind Singhal (2016) suggested and
proposed an efficient and accurate weather prediction and forecasting
model using linear regression concepts and normal equation model. All
these concepts are a part of machine learning. The normal equation is a

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 very efficient weather prediction model and using the entities
temperature, humidity and dew-point, it canbe used to make reliable weather
predictions.

. This model also facilitates decision making in day to day life. It can yield
better results when applied to cleaner and larger datasets.
Aditya Grover, Ashish Kapoor and Eric Horvitz in their work made a
weather prediction model that predicts by considering the joint influence of key
weather variables. They also made a kernel and showed that interpolation of
space can be done by using GPS with such a kernel, taking into account various
weather phenomena like turbulence. They also performed temporal analysis
withina learner based on gradient tree and augmented the system using deep
neural network.
Muthulakshmi A, ME (SE), Dr. S Baghavathi Priya (2015) in their work
proposed a methodology that aims at providing an efficient and accurate
weather forecasting models to predict and monitor the weather datasets to
predict rainfall. In the past, the parameters of weather were recorded only for
the present time. But in the future, work will be done to make a working model
of selection that can be used for classifying the framework for continuous
monitoring of the climatic attributes.
Divya Chauhan and Jawahar Thakur (2013) made a comparison in their
paper, which shows that the algorithms such as k-mean clustering and decision
trees are well suited for mining data to predict future weather conditions. If we
increase the size of the training set, the accuracy at first increases but then it
slowly decreases after a particular period of time, depending on the size of the
dataset.

Piyush Kapoor and Sarabjeet Singh Bedi (2013) concluded that if we

perform comparison of weather condition variation by sliding window algorithm,
theresults are highly accurate except for the months of seasonal change. The
results can be altered by changing the size of the window. Accuracy of the
unpredictable months can be increased by increasing the window size to one
month.

Qing Yi Feng1, Ruggero Vasile, Marc Segond , AviGozolchiani , Yang

Wang, Markus Abel, ShilomoHavlin , Armin Bunde , and Henk A. Dijkstra1(2016)
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 have made a machine-learning toolbox which is based on climate data gathered
from analysis and reconstruction of complex networks. It can also handle data
containing multiple variables from these networks. The development of predictor
models in the toolbox is dynamic and data-driven.

Siddharth S. Bhatkande, Roopa G. Hubballi(2016) In their work the authors

have used data mining technique and Decision tree algorithm as a means to
classify weather parameters like maximum temperature, minimum temperature
in terms of day, month and year.

John K. Williams and D. A. Ahijevych, C. J. Kessinger, T. R. Saxen, M.

Steiner and S. Dettlinghave shown in their work that a set of skillful predictors
for thunderstorm initiation can be identified by using the random forest machine
learning algorithm. The random forest method can also be used to identify
“regimes” in which they can improve the skill of the application by using forecast
logic.

AIM AND SCOPE OF PRESENT INVE INVESTIGATION

Aim of the project : People can get accurate weather information is

the main aim of this application. The important issue faced in our country is
climatic changes and that can be resolved by our application “WEATHER
FORECASTING SYSTEM”. The goal of weather prediction is to provide
information. People and organizations can use to reduce weather related loses
and enhanced societal benefits, including protection of life and property, public
health and support of economic prosperity and quality of life.
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Scope and Objective

Weather forecasts are made by collecting as much data as possible

about the current state of the atmosphere (particularly the temperature, humidity
and wind) and using understanding of atmospheric processes (through
meteorology) to determine how the atmosphere evolves in the future.

However, the chaotic nature of the atmosphere and incomplete

understanding of the processes mean that forecasts become less accurate as
the range of the forecast increases.

To develop software for forecasting the weather involving wind speed,

cloud cover, rain or snow in order to nurture the needs of people all around the
globe.

To develop a weather forecasting application on which people can

completely rely for their weather updates. The scope for weather forecasting
system will keep on increasing as the technology progresses.

DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY : Weather forecasting is the application of

science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a given location.
Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state
of the atmosphere and using scientific understanding of atmospheric processes
to project how the atmosphere will evolve. There are a variety of end users to
weather forecasts. Weather warnings are important forecasts because they are
used to protect life and property. In ancient times, forecasting was mostly based
on weather pattern observation. Over the years, the study of weather patterns has
resulted in various techniques for rainfall forecasting. Present rainfall forecasting
embodies a combination of computer models, interpretation, and an acquaintance
of weather patterns. So, we created a web application to predict the weather in
accuracy format to help user can get the weather detail.
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Proposed System: Weather report application is a web based application
through which you will able to get all the reports related to weather forecasting
of any locations. Its geographical locator which will be received through your
browser setting and server configuration will automatically identify the location
and able to present its weather details such as Temperature, Direction of Wind,
Humidity etc. To develop software for forecasting the weather involving Wind
Speed, Cloud Cover, Rain or Snow in order to nurture the needs of any person
around the world.

System Implementation :

The application is going to be constructed through python IDE for GUI

and SQLlite3 for database management. It is designed to improve the accuracy
enchance safety and effieciency of database. It is a web application based
system which helps us to improve the accuracy of the forecast. The homepage
with a banner explains the web page’s monologue with a title. In which users
can enter the city name to know about weather forecasting about that city. Once
the user enter the city name and click the find weather forecast they can see
the accurate weather forecast of that city. The user can also see the weather
forecast in graphical method. The application has a neat user interface for better
interaction and it works smoothly.

ARCHITECTURE EXPLANATION :

The architecture diagram explains the entire flow of the proposed

system. Normally, every state has a weather department (e.g.) Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh etc. In that weather department they have an antenna called
automatic weather station, with the help of that antenna we can predict the
climate whether the rain has come or not. So, this is weather data gathering
tool. In this place gathering information are stored in the processed weather
data storage. Our web application gets weather information in that data storage.

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The processed weather data will go to user authentic for forecast which means
user have a subscription based plans like SMS or E-mail they have means,
automatically they get weather information through web browsing not even to
type places. Other than that, initially the user will be requested to enter the
location for which he wishes to know the weather forecasting. After the user
enters the location, it will go to web service system. Web service split the
information comes from the data storage, the server configuration identifiers the
location using geographical locator to get accurate data what actually end user
wants. Once the location has been identified, the corresponding weather
forecasted will be presented within fraction of seconds to the end user.

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Data Flow Explanation
When the end user request the weather forecasting information from the web
application and it will directly go the API call. API call is the process of a user
application submitting a request to an API and that API retrieving the requested data
from the external server or program and delivering it back to the client. After API call
it will go to the cloud database in which all the weather data information are saved
in a database. From database it will go into JSON data. JSON data is an open
standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to
store and transmit data objects consisting of attribute value pairs and arrays. It is a
common data format with diverse uses in electronic data interchange.

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RESUTS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Homepage Diagram

This is the homepage of the web application of weather forecasting

information. In this page you can get the accurate weather forecasting of your city.
In this home module you can enter your city name and click find weather forecast or
if you want to find it graphically click find weather forecast graphically.

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Result Page 1

Result Page 1

When you enter the city name and find weather forecast it will show the
accurate weather forecasting information of your city. It will also show you minimum
temperaute, maximum temperature, cloud precipitation, wind speed, humidity and
sunshine. It will give you accurate weather predicitons for every three hours.

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Result Page 2

Result Page 2

In this Graphical result module you can see your weather information in
graphical method. There are two types of graph one is bar graph and another one is
area graph. In this two types of graph it will update weather time to time and celsius
also.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

Conclusion:
In the era of the global warming, research in weather measurement, monitoring
and forecasting are become more and more relevant. This research demonstrates
the design and implementation of an affordable mini weather monitoring system that
ensures flexibility, portability, scability and user friendly operations which can provide

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data of some weather variables including temperature, humidity and pressure. With
the advacement of technology weather forecasting has developed to its level best,
but there is yet to develop, as far as a nature is so unpredictable. Weather forecasts
are increasingly accurate and useful, and their benefits extend widely across the
economy. While much has been accomplished in improving weather forecasts, there
remains much room for improvement. Simultaneously, they are developing new
technologies and observational netwoeks that can enchance forecaster skill and the
value of their services to their users.

Future Work

The website we created in this project can be futher developed into a mobile
application so that it can give timely weather updates. These updates will be received
in the form of notification in the user’s mobile based on the location they are present
in. So the users don’t even have to get into that particular application to know the
weather and it saves their valuable time.

REFERENCE:

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