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Tutorial 5 Continuous Probability Distribution

This document provides examples of calculating probabilities using continuous and discrete probability distributions including the uniform, normal, and binomial distributions. It includes examples such as calculating the probability of flight arrival times based on a uniform distribution, finding probabilities of values within standard deviations of the mean for a normal distribution, and determining probabilities of numbers of smokers in a sample based on a binomial distribution.

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Zafirah Suffian
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16 views

Tutorial 5 Continuous Probability Distribution

This document provides examples of calculating probabilities using continuous and discrete probability distributions including the uniform, normal, and binomial distributions. It includes examples such as calculating the probability of flight arrival times based on a uniform distribution, finding probabilities of values within standard deviations of the mean for a normal distribution, and determining probabilities of numbers of smokers in a sample based on a binomial distribution.

Uploaded by

Zafirah Suffian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BE-1203 Statistics for Business and Economics

Tutorial 5 Continuous Probability Distributions


1. Royal Brunei (RB) quotes a flight time of 2 hours, 5 minutes for its flights from Bandar Seri
Begawan to Kuala Lumpur. Suppose we believe that actual flight times are uniformly distributed
between 2 hours and 2 hours, 20 minutes.
a. Show the graph of the probability density function for flight time.

b. What is the probability that the flight will be no more than 5 minutes late?

c. What is the probability that the flight time will be more than 10 minutes late?

d. What is the expected flight time?


2. A random variable is normally distributed with a mean of μ=¿50 and a standard deviation of
σ =¿5.
a. Sketch a normal curve for the probability density function. Label the horizontal axis with
values of 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65.

b. What is the probability the random variable will assume a value between 45 and 55? i.e.
±1 standard deviation of its mean
c. What is the probability the random variable will assume a value between 40 and 60? i.e.
±2 standard deviation of its mean?

b. . The probability that the random variable will assume a value between 45 and 55 (±1
standard deviation from the mean):
To find this probability, we can use the properties of the normal distribution. Since 45 and 55
are each one standard deviation away from the mean (50), the area under the curve between
45 and 55 represents approximately 68% of the total area under the curve.
So, the probability is approximately 68%.
c. The probability that the random variable will assume a value between 40 and 60 (±2
standard deviations from the mean):
Similarly, since 40 and 60 are each two standard deviations away from the mean (50), the
area under the curve between 40 and 60 represents approximately 95% of the total area under
the curve.
So, the probability is approximately 95%.

3. Given that z is a standard normal random variable, compute the following probabilities.
a. P(z ≤ −1.0)
b. P(z ≥ −1)
c. P(z ≥ −1.5)
d. P(−2.5 ≤ z)
e. P(−3 < z ≤ 0)

a. P(z ≤ -1.0)
This represents the area to the left of z = -1.0.
P(z ≤ -1.0) ≈ 0.1587

b. P(z ≥ -1)
This represents the area to the right of z = -1.0.
P(z ≥ -1) = 1 - P(z ≤ -1) = 1 - 0.1587 = 0.8413

c. P(z ≥ -1.5)
This represents the area to the right of z = -1.5.
P(z ≥ -1.5) ≈ 0.9332

d. P(-2.5 ≤ z) This represents the area between z = -2.5 and positive infinity.
P(-2.5 ≤ z) = 1 - P(z < -2.5) = 1 - (P(z ≤ -2.5) + P(z = -2.5))
Using the standard normal table, P(z ≤ -2.5) ≈ 0.0062 P(-2.5 ≤ z) ≈ 1 - 0.0062 ≈ 0.9938

e. P(-3 < z ≤ 0)
This represents the area between z = -3 and z = 0. P(-3 < z ≤ 0) = P(z ≤ 0) - P(z ≤ -3)
Using the standard normal table, P(z ≤ 0) = 0.5000 and P(z ≤ -3) ≈ 0.0013 P(-3 < z ≤ 0) ≈
0.5000 - 0.0013 ≈ 0.4987

4. Males in the Netherlands are the tallest, on average, in the world with an average height of 183
cm (BBC News website). Assume that the height of men in the Netherlands is normally
distributed with a mean of 183 cm and standard deviation of 10.5cm.
a. What is the probability that a Dutch male is shorter than 175 cm?
b. What is the probability that a Dutch male is taller than 195 cm?
c. What is the probability that a Dutch male is between 173 and 193 cm?
d. Out of a random sample of 1000 Dutch men, how many would we expect to be taller than
190 cm?
5. In probability theory, a continuity correction is an adjustment that is made when a discrete
distribution is approximated by a continuous distribution. Although studies continue to show
smoking leads to significant health problems, 20% of adults in the United States smoke. Consider
a group of 250 adults.
a. What is the expected number of adults who smoke?
b. What is the probability that fewer than 40 smoke?
c. What is the probability that from 55 to 60 smoke?
d. What is the probability that 70 or more smoke?

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