Handling Solids:

Conveyors and Conveying System

ROLES OF CONVEYORS AND
CONVEYING SYSTEMS

Automated transportation of solids

Enhance efficiency and productivity

Reduce manual labor and associated risks

TYPES OF SOLIDS AND THEIR HANDLING
CHALLENGES
SOLID TYPE HANDLING CHALLENGES

FLOOR Slippery surface, potential for accidents

COAL Dust generation, potential for combustion

FLOUR Fine particles, potential for explosion

CHEMICALS Corrosive or hazardous properties

GRAINS Abrasive nature, potential for spoilage

CEMENT High density, potential for blockages

PLASTICS Static electricity, potential for melting

WOOD CHIPS Variable size and shape, potential for jamming

TYPES OF CONVEYING SYSTEM
Mechanical Conveyors
ROLLER CONVEYOR

Is a type of conveying system that

utilizes a series of rollers to transport
goods, materials, or products along a
predetermined path within a facility.
PARTS:

Rollers: Wheels support and transport goods along the conveyor line.

Frames: Similar to belt conveyors, roller conveyors have frames that support
the rollers and provide structure.

Bearings: Allow the rollers to rotate smoothly.

Drive mechanism: Depending on the design, roller conveyors may have a

motorized drive system or rely on gravity for movement.
 Chain Conveyor

Use an endless chain both to transmit

power and to propel material through
a trough, either pushed directly by the
chain or by attachments to the chain.
PARTS:

Chains: Used as the conveying medium, typically consisting of

interconnected links.

Sprockets: Engage with the chain and provide the driving force.

Chain guides: Guides help keep the chain aligned and prevent it from
derailing.

Supports and frames: Provide structural support for the conveyor and help
maintain proper alignment.
 SCREW CONVEYOR

They are designed to transport bulk

materials from one point to another using
a rotating screw inside a trough or tube.

Screw conveyors consist of a helical screw

blade, also known as an auger, that rotates
within a stationary trough or tube.
PARTS:

Screw: A helical screw or auger rotates within a trough or tube to move

materials along the conveyor.

Trough: Provides a channel for the screw and contains the materials being
transported.

Drive unit: Powers the rotation of the screw.

Hanger bearings: Support the screw within the trough and allow it to rotate
freely.
 BELT CONVEYORS

These are the most common type of conveyor, using a continuous belt of
material to transport goods along a horizontal or inclined plane.

It move the items using a belt. It involves a loop of a flexible material stretched
between rollers that are actuated by an electrical motor.
PARTS:

Conveyor Belt: Primary component that carries materials from one point to
another. It can be made of various materials such as rubber, PVC, or metal.

Pulleys: Used to drive and redirect the belt. They can be powered by electric
motors or other sources.

Rollers: Support the belt and help reduce friction during operation.

Tensioning system: Keeps the belt tensioned properly to prevent slipping.

Conveyor frame: Provides support for the belt and other components.
 FLAT BELT
CONVEYOR

This type of conveyor belt uses a series of

powered pulleys to move a continuous
flat belt.
 CLEATED BELT
CONVEYOR

Feature cleats that help separate products and/or

prevent them from shifting out of place during
motion.
BUCKET ELEVATORS

Commonly used in industries for the vertical

handling of bulk materials or solids.

Bucket elevators consist of a series of

buckets attached to a belt or chain that is
driven by a motor. The buckets are used to
scoop up the material and carry it vertically
or inclined to the desired height.
PARTS:
1. Buckets: Containers that carry the bulk materials. They are typically made of
durable materials such as plastic, metal, or stainless steel.
2. Chain or Belt: Is the mechanism that moves the buckets along the vertical or
inclined path.
3. Drive Unit: Provides the power to move the chain or belt and, consequently,
the buckets.
4. Head Section: The head section of the bucket elevator is located at the top
end and houses the drive unit.
5. Boot Section: Serves as the loading point for the buckets. e chute or spout
for releasing materials into the buckets.
6. Intermediate Sections: Support the chain or belt and provide additional
support for the buckets.
7. Bucket Elevator Legs: Provide structural support for the conveyor and may
be bolted to the floor or supported by a framework.
8. Safety Features: Guards, covers, emergency stop buttons, and sensors may
be incorporated to ensure safe operation and compliance with safety
regulations.
VIBRATORY CONVEYOR

Are a type of conveying system used for

handling solids. They utilize vibrations to move
and transport materials efficiently and
effectively.

Are designed with a trough or tube-like

structure that is mounted on springs or other
vibration isolation devices. The trough is
typically made of stainless steel or other
durable materials to withstand the demands of
handling solids.
PARTS:

1. Vibrating Mechanism:
Vibrating Motor: Generates vibrations.
Eccentric Weights: Create unbalanced force for vibration.
Springs or Isolation Pads: Support and suspend the vibrating
mechanism.
2. Support Structure: Provides stability and rigidity to the conveyor
system.
3. Drive Unit: Powers the vibrating mechanism and controls vibration
intensity and speed.
4. Discharge Chute or Outlet: Where materials exit the conveyor.
5. Safety Features: Guards, covers, emergency stop buttons, etc.,
ensure safe operation.
PNEUMATIC CONVEYORS

Is a combination of well-engineered components

that work together to move substances and
materials safely, efficiently, and economically. It
is a system that uses a series of flexible pipes
connected to a fan or blower to move dry, fine
materials using airflow.
PARTS:

Piping or tubing: Transports materials through a closed system using air

pressure.

Air compressor: Generates the air pressure needed to move materials.

Filters and separators: Remove contaminants from the conveyed materials.

Valves and gates: Control the flow of materials within the system.
 POSTIVE PRESSURE
SYSTEM
Uses compressed air to push the
material through the pipeline. This
method is suitable for a wide range of
materials, including powders,
granules, and pellets.
Components of a Positive Pressure System:
Feeder: Introduces the material into the pipeline. There are various types of
feeders, such as rotary valves, screw feeders, and vibratory feeders, each chosen
based on the material properties and desired flow rate.
Blower or compressor: Generates the compressed air that creates the pressure to
move the material through the pipeline. The choice between a blower and a
compressor depends on the required pressure and volume of air.
Pipeline: Is the path through which the material travels. It is typically made of
stainless steel or carbon steel and has various diameters depending on the material
and capacity requirements.
Filters: Remove dust particles from the air stream before it is released to the
atmosphere.
Receiver: Temporarily stores the material before it is discharged to its destination.
 NEGATIVE PRESSURE
SYSTEM
(VACCUM CONVEYING)
Uses a vacuum pump to create a partial
vacuum in the pipeline, which draws
the material through the system. This
method is well-suited for materials that
are fragile, abrasive, or prone to dust
generation.
Components of a Vacuum Conveying System:

Feeder: Similar to the feeder in a positive pressure system, it introduces the material
into the pipeline.
Vacuum pump: This equipment creates the vacuum in the pipeline, drawing the
material through. Different types of vacuum pumps are used depending on the
required level of vacuum and capacity.
Pipeline: Similar to the pipeline in a positive pressure system, it is typically made of
stainless steel or carbon steel.
Filters: As in positive pressure systems, filters remove dust particles from the air
stream before it is released to the atmosphere.
Receiver: The receiver temporarily stores the material before it is discharged to its
destination.
Questionnaires
Uses a vacuum pump to create a partial vacuum in the pipeline, which draws the
material through the system.
Uses compressed air to push the material through the pipeline.
Type of conveying system that utilizes a series of rollers to transport goods,
materials, or products along a predetermined path within a facility.
Wheels support and transport goods along the conveyor line.
consist of a helical screw blade, also known as an auger, that rotates within a stationary trough or
tube.
These are the most common type of conveyor, using a continuous belt of material to transport
goods
Guards, covers, emergency stop buttons, etc., ensure safe operation.
Remove dust particles from the air stream before it is released to the atmosphere
Similar to the pipeline in a positive pressure system, it is typically made of stainless steel or
carbon steel.
They utilize vibrations to move and transport materials efficiently and effectively.
Give 5 Types of Solids
Designed to transport bulk materials from one point to another using a rotating
screw inside a trough or tube.
Consist of a series of buckets attached to a belt or chain that is driven by a motor.
Consist of a series of buckets attached to a belt or chain that is driven by a motor.
Used to drive and redirect the belt. They can be powered by electric motors or
other sources.
Engage with the chain and provide the driving force