PUC II GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION

IN NUTSHELL
Q 11. Fill in the blanks by using the right form of verb given
in the bracket. (1x2=02) (active –passive voice)

PASSIVE VERB PHRASES

1. is/am/are + Past Participle

Vandana Shiva starts Navadhanya Movement.
Navadhanya Movement is started by Vandana Shiva
2. is/am/are + being + Past Participle
Vandana Shiva is starting Navadhanya Movement.
Navadhanya Movement is being started by Vandana Shiva.
3. has/have +been+ Past Participle
Vandana Shiva has started Navadhanya Movement.
Navadhanya Movement hasbeenstarted by Vandana Shiva.
4. was/were + Past Participle
Vandana Shiva started Navadhanya Movement.
Navadhanya Movement was started by Vandana
Shiva
5. was/were + being + Past Participle
Vandana Shiva was starting Navadhanya Movement.
Navadhanya Movement was being started by Vandana Shiva.
6. had +been+ Past Participle
Vandana Shiva had started Navadhanya Movement.
Navadhanya Movement hadbeen started by Vandana Shiva.
7. modal +be + Past Participle
Vandana Shivawillstart Navadhanya Movement.
Navadhanya Movement will be started by Vandana Shiva

Note: 1. No.4 is most asked in examination.

2. In passive , always the verb must be in past participle form.
EXERCISES:-
1. The new DC introduced cycle. Thus the mobility --------(include) to the
literacy drive. The banks --------(encourage) to give loans for purchasing
bicycles.
2. The Navadhanya Farm-------(start) in the Doon Valley. The farmers ------
(give) training in organic farming.
3. A huge sum ------(demand) by Italy and France for the machine and the
expert. So the soldiers------(ask) to cut off the man’s head.
4. On entering the park, Gonzalo ------(irritate). Because his bench ------
(occupy) by three priests.
5. The old man------(appoint) by the owner. As he was well versed in
agriculture owner became lazy. A number of bad habits-----(cultivate) by
him.
ANSWERS:-
1. The new DC introduced cycle. Thus the mobility was included to the
literacy drive. The banks were encouraged to give loans for purchasing
bicycles.
2. The Navadhanya Farm was started in the Doon Valley. The farmers
were given training in organic farming.
3. A huge sum was demanded by Italy and France for the machine and the
expert. So the soldiers were asked to cut off the man’s head.
4. On entering the park, Gonzalo was irritated . Because his bench was
occupied by three priests.
5. The old man was appointed by the owner. As he was well versed in
agriculture owner became lazy. A number of bad habits were cultivated
by him.

Q 12. Fill in the blanks with the right linkers:- 1x3=03

LINKERS are words that connect one idea or sentence with another. A
few examples are as under.

Function Link Words

1. Addition - and,also, besides, moreover, similarly, then
2. Time - when, while, as soon as, after,till, until,since, as long as
3. Place - where, wherever
4. Reason- because, as , since
5. Purpose - in order that , so that, lest
6. Result- so, thus, as a result, finally, in conclusion
7. Concession- though, although, even if, however
8. Manner- as, as if, as though
9. Comparison - as, than,
10. Condition - if, unless, supposing

EXERCISES:-
1. Logging had led to landslides and floods-----scarcity of water, fodder and
fuel. -------women provide these basic needs, the scarcity meant longer
walks to satisfy the needs. Women knew that the real value of forests was
not the timber from a dead tree-------the springs and streams.
(and but, since)
2. Look at any waste garbage dump------- vegetable waste, paper and broken
glass, you will find a considerable amount of plastic material------shampoo
bottles, bags-------worn out shoes. Vegetable scraps and paper are
biodegradable -------glass and plastic continue to accumulate and harm the
environment. (but, such as, and , in addition to)
3. The pre-poll survey predicted land slide victory to Marcus. ----------he was
very cautious about each vote.------he took care that not a single vote goes
waste.---------the first rush of voters was over he asked campaign boys to go
and vote. (as soon as, yet, so)
4. Motor cars are extremely expensive in Brazil -------the import duties are
very high. -------everyone has a car here. ------the pedestrian’s life has
become more hazardous every day. (thus, as, yet)
5. The literacy movement was not progressing in Pudukottai ------there was
lack of mobility among women. ---------she decided to add mobility to
literacy drive -------pushed the banks to give loans for women to buy cycles.
(and, as, therefore)

ANSWERS:- Must write full paragraph and underline answers as shown

below as an example.
1. Logging had led to landslides and floods and scarcity of water, fodder
and fuel. Since women provide these basic needs, the scarcity meant
longer walks to satisfy the needs. Women knew that the real value of
forests was not the timber from a dead tree but the springs and streams.
 2. in addition to , such as, and , but
3. Yet , so, as soon as
4. as, yet , thus
5. as , therefore, and

Q 13. Match the column A with column B

Note:- Here two items in each column will be on Idioms (expressions)

and three on the text including names of writer/poets/dramatists

WRITERS / POETS / DRAMATISTS

1.Romeo and Juliet – William Shakespeare

2.Too Dear- Leo Tolstoy
3.On Children- Kahlil Gibran
4.Everything I Need To Know I Learned In The Forest- Vandana Shiva
5.A sunny Morning- Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quinter
6.Wnen You Are Old –William Butler Yeats (W.B.Yeats)
7.The Gardener –P. Lankesh
8.To The Foot From Its Child- Pablo Neruda
9.I believe That Books Will Never Disappear- Robert Alfino interviews
JorgeLuis Borges
10. Heaven If You Are Not Here On Earth- Kuvempu
11. Japan and Brazil Through Traveler’s Eye- George Mikes
12. The Voter – Chinua Achebe
13. Where There Is A Wheel- P.Sainath
14. Water- Challapalli Swaroop Rani.

SOME IMPORTANT IDIOMS:

1. sworn enemy- who hate each other
2. rake in money- make a lot of money easily
3. try one’s luck- test fortune
4. hitch in something- hurdle
5. ruin character- spoil image/reputation
6. turn one’s back- discard/reject
7. get rid of-escape
8. put something behind- forget unpleasant
9. retired corner- isolated place
10. within calling distance- at near distance
11. idle one’s time away- waste time
12. glued to seat- settle in a place
13. fussy and cross- short tempered
14. between one’s teeth- speak silently/murmur
15. cast indignant glances- see seriously
16. make peace- end enmity
17. know by heart- memorise
18. meet glorious death- martyred
19. prostrated by calamity- ill fated
20. chase butterflies- love lightly(not seriously)
21. murmur eternal threnody- sing elegy
22. take refuge- hide
23. ill natured prelude- ill start
24. play havoc- make things difficult
25. driving force- motivation
26. well versed- expert
27. get out of hand - uncontrollable
28. be in a fix- in confusion
29. fumble for words- find difficult to speak
30. consumed by anger- in anger
31. follow suit- imitate
32. hit upon (an idea)- idea comes to mind
33. raison d’ etre- motto of life
34. look after- take care
35. give up- stop
36. start off- move
37. flesh and blood- physical
38. shrink in humiliation- get insulted
39. vanish in thin air – disappear
40. avenge oneself- take revenge on the self
41. take for granted- fail to see value
42. dawn upon- hit upon
43. set a project- start a project
44. keep in mind- remember
45. split second-quickly
 46. all and sundry- all/everyone
47. leaps and bounds- rapid growth
48. crippling and murderous- very high/heavy
49. ray of hope- hope
50. step off- go out of way/track
51. on look out for – search
52. en masse- all/unanimously
53. give up- leave/stop
54. in order to – because
55. a lot of – much/many
56. in front of- front
57. keep a straight face- be neutral
58. cap something all- finish unpleasant situation
59. weigh the proposition- decide carefully
60. landslide victory- grand victory with majority votes
61. put up with- bear
62. brain child- novel idea/thought

Q. 25 UNSEEN PASSAGE

Note:- 1. a) to j) ---all 10 questions must be at one place

2. Here --one question will be on prefix and one on suffix
Prefix—A grammatical unit added in the beginning.
Gives antonym/opposite word.
ex- il- illiterate
ir- irregular
un- unlimited
mis- misguide
dis- disappear

Suffix: -A grammatical unit added in the end.

Changes the word class.
ex:- -ment - engagement
-tion - examination
-hood - childhood
-free- sugar free
 Q 26 What do the underlined words in the following
paragraph refer to:- (1x4=04 )

PRENOMINALS---SERVING AS A PRONOUN
1. I,me,my,We,our,us, You, your, He, his, him,She, her, It, its, They, them,
their
2. who,which, whose
3. that, this, these, those .... ETC

EXRECISES (Note:- in the exam only 4 will be asked in exam)

1. Once upon a time a poor woman was walking from one village to another
carrying a bundle on (1)her head. Unable to lift(2)it easily (3)she rested
every now and then. A horseman passed by. (4)She requested (5)him to
carry the bundle till next village. (6)He refused to carry(7)it saying, “
(8)You walk slowly and delay(9)me and I have a long way to go.”
i. her- poor woman
ii. it- bundle
iii. she – poor woman
iv. she- poor woman
v. him- horseman
vi. he- horseman
vii. it- bundle
viii. you- poor woman
ix. me- horseman
2. An old man came to the farm. The owner of the farm and( i)his wife needed
a person like (ii)him to look after their farm (iii)which needed a person
exactly like him. (iv)He was well versed in agriculture(v)that was his
passion. So he got appointed. After (vi)his arrival the income improved and
the farm expanded
i. his –owner’s
ii. him – old man
iii. which- farm
iv. he- oldman
v. that – agriculture
 vi. his- oldman’s

Q 27 Complete the following dialogue 1x3=03

Language Functions with examples:-

1. Start conversation- Hello...good morning/ Excuse me

2. Introducing- Meet my.....This is.....
3. Wishing-Happy Birthday/anniversary/festival
4. Leave taking- Bye/ see you...
5. Make request- May I have your pen? Will you come with me?
6. Express Gratitude- Thank you/ I am grateful to you.
7. Complimenting- Your dress/watch is beautiful. You are looking smart
today
8. Congratulating- Well done/ Congratulations on...
9. Apologising- I am sorry/ I regret....
10. Express sympathy – How sad/ So pity
11. Seeking permission- May I take your pen?
12. Seeking information- May I know this address?
13. Agreeing- Ok/Fine/Sure...
14. Disagreeing—No/ Never/ I am sorry...
15. Asking for preference- what would you prefer, beach or park?
16. Offering help—May I carry the baby?

EXERCISES:-

1. At a job interview
Candidate:--------------------(asking permission to enter)
Officer:- Come in. Please be seated.------------------(asking name and
qualification)
Candidate:-----------------------(gives information)
Officer:- It is good. Let me see your resume.

ANSWER
Candidate:- Excuse me, May I come in Sir?
Officer:- Come in. Please be seated. What is your name? And let me
know your qualification too.
Candidate:- I am Chinmay. I am MS from USC.
 Officer:- It is good. Let me see your resume.

Q 28. Report the following conversation:-4x1=04

Some important rules to remember before transformation.

1. Reporting verb :-
Statements- told/replied/stated/remarked
Questions - asked/questioned/enquired (to assertive)
Orders/Commands - asked/ordered/commanded
Requests/advices- asked/requested/advised
Exclamation - exclaimed with joy/surprise/sorrow/shock (to assertive)
Yes/No answers – replied positively/negatively/ affirmed/rejected
Vocative address- (My son/ Madam/Senora..) paraphrased as told
affectionately/respectfully/angrily , etc

2. Adding conjunction /no conjunction

Statements – that
Questions – Yes/No question – if/whether
Wh-question - ---------
Imperative – infinitive to
Exclamatory – That
3. Words of time and place
today – that day
tomorrow- the next day
yesterday- the previous day
now- then
ago- before
this – that
these- those
here - there
4. Pronouns
First person –I, me , my , mine , We, us, our - subject (speaker)of
reporting verb
Second person – You , your ---object (listener) of reporting verb
 Third person – He , his, him , She , her, It, its , They , them , their – don’t
change (remain same)
5. Tense
If reporting verb is present/future – no change
If reporting verb is in past - tense undergoes change (with some exceptions)
Simple present- simple past
Present cont- past cont
Present perfect – past perfect
Present perfect cont- past perfect cont
Simple past - Past perfect
Past cont –Past perfect cont
Past perfect – no change
Past perfect cont – no change
Future (will/shall/can/may)- would/should/could/might)

OR---Short Cut ---

is/am/are - was/were
was/were- had PP
has/have – had
will/shall/can/ may– would/should/could/might

EXERCISES
1. Laura:- I am so glad to be here. I feared my seat would be occupied.
What a beautiful morning!
Laura told that she was so glad to be there. She had feared her
seat would be occupied. She exclaimed with joy that the
morning was beautiful.
2. Petra :- The sun is hot.
Petra remarked that the sun was hot.
3. Laura:- Yes, you are only twenty. Oh, I feel more tired today than usual.
Go, if you wish to chat with your guard.
Laura agreed with Petra and told that she was only twenty. Laura
exclaimed that she felt more tired that day than usual. She asked Petra
to go if she wished to chat with her guard.
4. Petra :- He is not mine senora; he belongs to the park.
Petra told Laura respectfully that he was not hers. He belonged to
the park.
 5. Laura:- He belongs more to you than he does to the park. Go find him,
but remain within calling distance.
Laura told Petra that he belonged more to her than he did to the
park. She asked her to go and find him but asked to remain within
calling distance.

Q 29. Read the following passage and make notes by filling

in the boxes given below. ( ½ x 8=08 )

Read the paragraph carefully..once, twice...That’s all...four marks guarantee.

Q 30. Write a letter of application in response to the following

advertisement which appeared in “The Deccan Herald” dated 1/3/2024.
5x1=05
Wanted
Lecturer in English
Mighty Minds P U College,
Karwar.

Apply to
The Principal
Mighty Minds P U College, Karwar

XXX
YYY

1 March 2024

The Principal
Mighty Minds P U College,
Karwar , NK

Dear Sir,
Subject:- Application for the post of lecturer in English . . .
Ref :- Your advertisement in the Deccan Herald dated 1/3/2024 . .
 I saw your advertisement in the Deccan Herald dated 1/3/2024 inviting the
applications for the post of lecturer in English. As I have the desired
qualification I would like to apply. I enclose my resume with certificates and
marks cards to this letter. If I am given a chance to serve I will work to the
most satisfaction of my employers.

Thank you,

Yours faithfully,
(Signature)
XXX

Encls:- 1 Resume
3 Marks Cards

RESUME
Name:- XXX
Father’s Name:- XYZ
Date of Birth:- 1/1/1999
Permanent Address:- YYY
Nationality:- Indian
Knowledge of languages:- Konkani, Kannada, Hindi, English..
Educational Qualifications:-
Name of Exam Board/University Year of Passing % of marks
B.A K.U.Dharwad 2020 85%
M.A. K.U.Dharwad 2022 75%
B,Ed. K.U.Dharwad 2023 90%
Experience:- Working as a guest lecturer in a GPUCollege , Karwar.
Other interests/hobbies:- Reading, singing, outdoor games

Place:- YYY (Signature)

Date:- 1/3/2024 XXX