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spin te omeept of sherrocoope {ype RE Ammeler ?
Thermo oop les consists of a junchon of two dissimilar
wes so chesen the a tee 5 qrrened by heaking the dench'on
te atpt oF a Hemaouple § dered fs 0 sensitive oe micio amme fe y
measaing Coren a agen ihomery ave the standard means fey
: hin 0 ok io
baking the dinch'on is colkal «they Hn ‘ Coll
ice 1 aalked 9 Werte. enmdhic achon and theifferent ype of Thermocayples ¢ ~~
eho ’ 4
LT ge
Molval ips ale {ype
6
% s/s tale
Ww
Sepeiok ns Pe Bigg e ty
4 tn a heer ar ur “le conent fo be
measued is used b heal the danchon of two metals: These hos
melds form o thermecouple ard hae the propest thal. when the
tunchon , iss heated “t pais a vwltago prepohional aie heat,
bet his lp wlage oe i sense de microammela "git
0 readin onal nilude of ac j
Properona IP
Muboall 1 pes "g |
S thaw h the sere
i 4, lhirahy se:
ee a Boggle I pees dethainge it
ah gee 5 be demaogle
Corlack te ;
less sensitive dian the _ mohol type «Sin this bpe
thee ove met temo ple baels which condock anngy the heal Fron
heder wire
feck
Sepente ¢ on Af themo coop le is held neay the healer, wt Ae
fiom it ie bss head: his Tae dhe inshument dyaarsh pe
tho less cblcihe! becaose of kmperthae dep in the cahss
: usel for io apis Pils a core n messing
jo avoid bss of hea Eh ‘on om ment 5 laced 4
nt ee In lh merase ts ‘tare P
his fas hih sensi of dual fy pe and tsi
eb of mic crsiily “ni of a Tag
fet it ina vaccum since ss of kell tadchin iS anid
‘ilkedce of ougpn permits opeaalion dl muck hgfer kemperalee.
cywe
oo
<=
wile. aboot SB nest t
the cdc chawackaishes < an inshoment which ae ced fo
Meosore fin onvayying Process cendihion
Srshomer-s A device/ mechanism useel to clermine te pesenl vale
of the ig order measoment '
Measoimenl rocess of kiming the amoant, dewee of ci
tl Tloids of th e
comparison wth the accepled 3 ate onik s
b
iy ood
cng the dence of esacknees Celoness) of 0 mmeasowmen|-
Gompacd fy 4 expetied (desired) vale
Resolion': she smallest chopge in a measored voviable fo wich
an irchornent soil] respond ie |
Pecrsion + f cersiskney or repeatability reproduce.
bily of moro re successive i der hiey r ‘
Kapecled vale: te design wile, be the most probable vate thal
Giledakion indicate ond oul expect te meibore
enor: The deviahon of the ue vale fiom the cksied valve
Senettiily: sthe ako of change in opal: of He lashioment to 0 age
of inpst of measoredl wich
ubile — aboot dypamnic chavaclerishics of an Sretunent
=> Sretroments “shat woely ‘espand indontanenel, 40 ‘chanpes in th
Le Genie ee
eased — variables . 7 mic chavacksitics of an Instioment are:
Speed of _Reopunses
ab is. the rapid with ubich an inskumen| responel
& changes in the measored quant
Fidelly3 ot is te dye fo hi an ircoment lndcales the
changes in the measured vorlable athool duramic enoy
logs itis the slodation o dy in the response of an
eet b changes in dhe metered ve variable49)
Dyan oO |
at is te difference belucen the tne value ef a
a quark chay in wth time ond the valve indieded ral
ishom ed if v Yhabic cor fs assumed A
staic enor: “he nomcrical difference behecen tne vale of qoarhly
and vile oblained 6 measurment ke peated eracvment of
Some quirky qe deren} values -
&xpuin the concep of PC vollmeles 2
A basic 5 Aisomel moment can be conetted inb a de wllmeley
Ry atdlng a sees vesishor. known a5 mollipliey
™ ber
4 '
fy Basic de vallmek.
she Fackon of the riled sis’ fo limit the
coven} —thioush the moment 80 thal the concert ches nok exceed!
Fall scale llecton che
Ade vollmeler measures the polential diffe
teheeen fwo poids i d& chrevit 4] P ieee
calculated 3) Pallas + ° Feat the vle of mlliplien is
Rye foll scale deflechon conent of movement Cina)
Rin, = ‘nleinal resistance of moment, Ry = molliphes xesilance.
ve. fall 1a voll of inshument -
fron the chl
Ve Dy CReARin)
~ Veimkm ~ Roy
Re 3
” the mollipiey Woah the — conrent thiogsy te mae
@
Sto not caceed the vole of Dad
"ores uppers = gy1
; ho
4))| Discuss ia y SOF evrors ae measur ments 2
= Measxment i the process of comparing an unknow)
quanki} oh an cag slaclrd quantity >
od i! involies Connecking a measur insomenl into de gglem
onde cae and obsensing the resdhing wesponse on
‘nstiument -
es he. hacer chained is a quankilahie meaoe of the so
calkd tue value
eleked Some faclors that affecf te measvenenls ax
a bs the —measoxing inslioments thomsehes. cher Packoys
ae rclabed the poor sey the inshomenl-.
Eno my be capressed ether a absduke oy as
percenbage of esfor
“pbealbte enor may be defined os the difference belucen
she expected vale of the triable and the mensored vale of the
rotiale, oF
e= Ya-¥n
c= abslule enor, f= capekd vale, y= mene aces
1 enoy = Absdlobe_valve yoo | = = xloo
eapected vale Ya
tenor = (Yn=*n )uloo
Ly 1
t is Frequenctt expressed as a accoroc y rather dhan error
hel | Yn I
whee A is rdabive accra cy. Aceorey is capraseol os 7. |
accuroC 4
Q= loos - 7-eror = Axl0oo7>
as is + aecemey