70 V' IN TERIOR DESIGN PRIN CIPLES AN D PRACTICI!

2. _CON TRAST COLOUR SCHEMES ,

1. _Monochromatic - .:~ " ' ':O -J t.W\.o'-~ . . · \._
A monochromatic colour scheme consists of using one colour in varying intens~~ies.
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D.-awing method ,. , \~
Steps _ . _
·· · I. Draw to sc~e 1:1 (or) 1 cm= 1 meter as shown, otherwise choose any conven nt scale. · ·
· · 2. . Draw the outer circle of
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600 cm~ radius and divide it into six inner circie~ as pe . the given measurements.
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3. Then divide the circles with 60° angles as shown. . . .,~ .
4. -Thus the intensities of six different colours is ·worked out in this excercise.
5. To work out the monochromatic colour scheme, choose any one colour and add its · omplementtry colour in varying intensities.
Ex: ·Choos~ -0range colour and add its complementary colour blue. Add the complementatx,
, colou~ ·
m · ·
varymg ··
mtensities as s hown below··
· . In the 1st · circle add one drop of blue colour. \_ . - .
-· In_· the 2nd circle add two drops of blue colour.
In the 3rd circle add three-drops of blue '.colour. .
In the 4th circle add four drops of blue colour. \.
In the 5th circle add five drops of blue colour.
In the 6th · circle add " · six drops of blue colour. \ . _
Thus the monochromatic colour scheme of orange is obtained. - - \ _
6. · SimilarJy it can be worked out for other col~urs like Red, Violet, Blue, Green ,and Yellow \by adding their re~pective complementary colours in
·varying 'intensities as described above. · . \
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2. Complementary
Complementary colours are directly opposite to each other on the colour wheel.
Drawing method
Steps
1. Draw to_scale 1:1 (or) 1 cm -e: 1 meter, otherwise choose any convenient scale.
2. Draw the outer circle with 600 cm. radius.
3: Then draw two inner circles of 400 and 350 cm. radiuses.
,( Split the colour wheel with 50 cm. gap between the colours for easy''understan~ing.
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5. Thus the complementary colour schemes are:
* Red & Green
* Violet & Yellow • I
* Blue & Orange !
*(0 + R) & (B + G)
* (R + V) & (G + Y)
* (B + V) & (Y + 0)
 \ 71
CO NT nA ST COLoun SCHEMES '------1
" 1. MONOCHROMATIC
...... r .. 2.COMPLEMENTARY
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t. 72 IN 11BRIOR DESIGN ·PRINCIPLES A..l'l'D PRACTICE
3. CON TRAST COLOUR SCHEMES
(~ uble complementary
-:::Z,T~ouble complementary colours consists of a pair of ·complementary colours on the colour wheel.
Drawing method
Steps
1. Draw to scale I: I (or) I cm = I meter as shown, otherwise choose any convenient scale.
2. Draw the colour wheel as shown earlier, and split it with 50 cm. gap between the t!olours as shown.
3. Thus the double complementary colour schemes are:
* Red & (0 + R) and Green & (B + G)
* Violet & (R + V) and Yellow & (G + Y)
r :'' * Blue & (B + V) and Orange & (Y + 0).
((4Jiilit COID!Jlementary . .
.JSplit complementary colours consists of two colours that join its complements on the colour wheel.
Drawing method
Steps
1. Draw to scale I: I (or) I cm = I meter as shown, otherwise choose any convenient scale.
2. Draw an outer circle of 600' cm. radius:
3. Divide the circle into two parts as top and bottom'.
4. Draw an inner semi-circle of 400 cm. radius in the top part of the circle.
5. Split ~he circle into 12 sectors with 50 cm. gap in between, and mark as shown.
6. Thus
7. Mark the
all split
the primary & secondary
complementary COiours
colour in the
~.chemes are:bottom part of the circle, and mark their complementary colours in the top of the -circle.
* Red and (B + G) & (G + Y). Observe green is common.
* Orange and (B + V) & (B + G). Observe blue is common.
* Yellow and (R + V) & (B + V). Observe violet is common.
* Green and (R + 0) & (R + V). Observe red is common.
* Blue and (Y + 0) & (R + 0). Obser_ve or~ge is common.
* Violet and (G + Y) & (Y + 0). Observe yellow is common.
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5. Triad
, colour scheme
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wheel different combinations_ can be obtained. by placmg an equilateral tnangle .In wh,eel._
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"Drawing method '
.Steps
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1. Draw t,5> scale I: 1_(or) 1 cm= 1 Dieter as shown, ot~erwise choose any convenient scale. , ,
2. Draw the colour Wheel as shown earlier, and split it wi_th 50 cm. li•P in betwi:en the Colours as shown. .. _ . cm.
3. D~w four equilateral triangles in dotted lin~s. The sides of the bigger triangles is 900 cm. and smaller ~angles is 300
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4. Thus.the triad colour schemes are
* (0 + R), (V + B) & (G + Y)
, * _(Y +.R),-(B + G) & (0 + Y)
· .* ~ed•. blu<t .and y~ll~w
* .Vi~let, green and orange .-,
6. Tetrad
Tetrad is form~ by any four colours· ~n the colour wheel, which are adjacent to one another.
Drawing· method
Steps
1. Draw to scale 1:1 (or) 1 cm= 1 meter as shown, otherwise choose any convenient scale.
2. Draw the outer
, ,' circle \vith 600 cm. radius.
.·-
· · ·
3. pien draw two inner circles of 400 and 350 cm. radiuses.
4. Divide the circles with 60° 3!1gles as shown.
·5. Thus two tetrad colour schemes are
* Yellow, orange, red & violet.
. . __ * '(V + R), (V 1
B), (B + G) & (G + Y)
. ·1. Guidelines for good colour schemes
(a) In all
colour schemes one colour should dominate. This basic colour should occupy 60 to 70 percent of the whole colour scheme.
(b) Definite colour schemes like harmonious, complementary or triad are
recommended. ·
(c) A safe colour scheme consists of tints and shades of one colour.
(d) A colour scheme should be definitely dark or light.
(e) Either warm (~d, yellow, orange)or cool (with bluish shade) colours should· dominate.
·(f) Every colour scheme must have a dominating colour and secondary colour. .
(g) A neutralised colour (grey) is best for large areas.
(h) Rely on colours to brighten daik areas.
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1~ ·' ~lour Wheel - Theory of Colours
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· ' · 2. Contrast Colour Scheme 1
_3. Contrast Colour Scheme 2
4. Contrast Colour ·Scheme 3
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t. COLOUR WHEEL O
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Light is linked with colour because light · h · · · ·
r: l Wh 1j b . ts t e_ source of all colours. Colour is in sunlig~t also. When sunlight passes through a pnsm, it seperates .m 0
' d1ffere_nt co ours. th
- - en g t comes mto con~a~t with a ~urface -and reflects all the wavelengths equally, then we see white colour. If the surface absorbs all
the wavelengths . en we see ?lack col~ r. Sim~larly, if the surface does not absorb th~ blue rays but absorbs all the other colours, then we see -blue colour.
Thus the colour ts the name given to the reflecttons of wavelengths from differentsurfaces. · . -===:=:;,,_.,,.....___- -
} A, Colour wheel. · . . . . • • ,_Jr ·. . . . •_ :•a ,•' •
· lt gives good understanding of colours. It consists of tJie coloune of tlie rainbo._w arranged in a circular fashioli: ·This CO!Oi,i wheei ~an be used to ~,q,lain
the mail) relationships of colburs. An understanding of these relationships is useful for choosing furnishings,.cQvetj_~gs, paints..and other ,eolour -matenals.
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Drawing method
Steps . .. (" :. I , .,
. .
L Draw to scale I r.I (or) I cm= I meter as shown, otherwise choose any convenient scale.
2. Draw the outer circle with 700 cm. radius.
3.~Draw the inner circle with 500 cm. radius.
4. Divide the circle with 60° angles as shown.
5. First choose the· primary colours: Red, Blue cµid --Xellow, and paint iliem.
6. Then choose the secondary colours by. mixing
.. the. .primary colours.
'
Primary colour. (1) , + Primary· colour (2) = Secondary colo~
"* Red + Yellow = Orange
* Blue + Yellow = Green
* Red + Blue = Violet
Thus the secondary colours obtained after mixing a pair of primary colours are orange;· green and violet. Paint them within their re .
· . spective areas.
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7. These six colours: Red, Blue, Yellow; Orange, Green are Violet and called standard colours.
8. To get intermediate colours 'in the outer circle, mix the primary colour with its adjacent secondary colour.
9. Thus the intermediate colours obtained are
Primary Colour + Secondary Colour = Intermediate colour
Red + Orange = 1 (R+O)
· Red + Violet = 2 (R+V)
Blue + Violet = 3 (B+V)
Blue + Green = 4 (B+G)
Y~11ow + Green = 5 (Y+G)
Ye11ow + Orange = 6 (Y+O)
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JO .. Care should be taken while mixing the colours. They should be mixed evenly to obtain good colours.
B. Colouring terms
1. Hue : Name of the colour. Ex : Red, blue etc.,
2. Value : Amount of lightness or darkness in colours by mixing white or black colour. .
3. Intensity or Chroma : It is the brightness or dullness of a colour. To reduce the intensity of a colour, add its complementary colour to make it soft.
4. Tint or Tone: It is the softness. of colours nearer to white·. •.
"'5. Harmonious colours: Colours adjacent to each other on the colour wheel. Ex : green & yellow etc.,
6._ Contrt!sJ or Complementary colours': Col~urs which are _directly opposite to ·e.ach other on the colour wheel. Ex: red & green, blue & orange etc
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