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Underwriters Laboratories

UL is an independent organization that tests electrical components and equipment for safety. It develops safety standards and certifies products that meet these standards through a UL recognition mark. The document discusses UL's testing of flexible printed circuit boards, including tests for flammability under UL Standard 94. It provides details on the flame rating classifications of V-0, V-1, V-2, VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2, and HB that are assessed based on criteria such as flame times and cotton indicator ignition.

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Nicko Samar Indico
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287 views15 pages

Underwriters Laboratories

UL is an independent organization that tests electrical components and equipment for safety. It develops safety standards and certifies products that meet these standards through a UL recognition mark. The document discusses UL's testing of flexible printed circuit boards, including tests for flammability under UL Standard 94. It provides details on the flame rating classifications of V-0, V-1, V-2, VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2, and HB that are assessed based on criteria such as flame times and cotton indicator ignition.

Uploaded by

Nicko Samar Indico
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

UL

UNDERWRITERS
LABORATORIES

1
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

TOPICS
1. WHAT IS UL?
– UL Standards
– UL Files for PFC Flexible Circuits
2. UL Tests for Flexible Circuit (FPC) boards
3. Summary of UL – Recognised types for PFC
4. Examples of UL – Recognised designation

2
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

What is UL?
• UL stands for "Underwriters Laboratory“

• Independent and non-profit organization to tests electrical


components and equipment for potential hazards

• When something is UL - listed, that means that the UL has


tested the device, and it meets their requirements for safety

• UL has developed more than 1000 standards for safety

3
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

• UL – recognition means products which have been tested and


approved by UL to use the UL recognition mark;

or whichever mark is registered with and approved by UL

• Necessary for consumer products in the US & Canada


• Optional elsewhere

4
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

• UL Files for PFC Flexible Circuits


E217146 [with Thermal Shock], Standard
Component – Wiring, Printed – Flexible Material
Constructions

• UL Standards
UL 796 Standard for Printed Wiring Board
UL 796F Standard for Printed Wiring Board includes special
classification for flexible printed wiring
UL 94 Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in
Devices and Appliances

5
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

• For UL 796F standard, 2 categories of the safety test

– Flammability

– Function
• Adhesion
• Bending / fatigue
• Current / voltage limit

6
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

• Flammability Test

– UL 94 Standard

– These requirements cover tests for flammability of plastic


materials used for parts in devices and appliances.

– There are 3 grades of flammability rating:


1) Vertical Burning Test; V-0, V-1, or V-2
2) Thin Material Vertical Burning Test; VTM-0, VTM-1, or VTM-2
3) Horizontal Burning Test; HB

7
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

• UL Tests for Flexible Printed Circuit Boards


Vertical flammability, 94V

– Test for flammability in which the test material is held vertically,


governed by flame rating classification

•94V-0
•94V-1
•94V-2

8
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

9
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

• UL Tests for Flexible Printed Circuit Boards


Vertical flammability, 94VTM

– Test for flammability for thin materials in which the test


material is held vertically, governed by flame rating classification

•94VTM-0
•94VTM-1
•94VTM-2

10
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

11
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

• UL Tests for Flexible Printed Circuit Boards


Horizontal flammability, 94HB
– Test for flammability in which the test material is held
horizontally governed by flame rating classification

12
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

• Standard Vertical Flammability Rating


Flame Rating Classification
Criteria Condition 94V-0 94V-1 94V-2
After flame time for each individual
<10s <30s <30s
specimen t1 or t2
Total after flame time for any condition
<50s <250s <250s
set (t1 + t2 for the 5 specimens)

After flame + Afterglow time for each


individual specimen after the second <30s <60s <60s
flame application (t2 + t3)

After flame or Afterglow of any specimen No No


No
up to the holding clamp

Cotton indicator ignited by flaming No No Yes


particles or drops

13
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

• Vertical Flammability Rating – Thin Materials


Flame Rating Classification
Criteria Condition 94VTM-0 94VTM-1 94VTM-2
After flame time for each individual
<10s <30s <30s
specimen t1 or t2
Total after flame time for any condition
<50s <250s <250s
set (t1 + t2 for the 5 specimens)

After flame + Afterglow time for each


individual specimen after the second <30s <60s <60s
flame application (t2 + t3)

After flame or Afterglow of any specimen No No


No
up to the holding clamp

Cotton indicator ignited by flaming No No Yes


particles or drops

14
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

• Horizontal Flammability Rating


Flame rating classification – 94HB

Must meet the following criteria:

Burning rate <40 mm/min over a


1 Materials with thickness range3.0 < t < 13 mm
distance of 75 mm

Burning rate <75 mm/min over a


2 Materials with thickness < 3.0 mm
distance of 75 mm

3 Stop burning before flame covers a distance of 100 mm

15

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