Name: Diego González Pérez

Date: 17/08/2021 (DD-MM-YY)

Problem 1.
Let D ⊆ R be the triangle with corners (0, 0),
2
(0, 1), (1, 1) and let
S = ( xyz R z x y xy D
, , ) ∈
3
: = +
2
, ( , ) ∈ . Compute the surface area of S.

Solution.
Define 𝜎 : D → R , 𝜎(u, v) = 3
uvu v
, , +
2
.

The surface area of S is ∬D ||(∂ 1 𝜎1 , ∂ 1 𝜎 2 , ∂ 1 𝜎 3 ) × (∂ 2 𝜎 1 , ∂ 2 𝜎 2 , ∂ 2 𝜎 3 )|| dudv

Making some calculations,

(1, 0, 1) × (0, 1, 2 ) = ( v - -v1, 2 , 1)

||( - -v1, 2 , 1)|| = 2+4v 2

Therefore the integral becomes

-v
∫
0
1

∫
0
2+4 v du dv
2
= ∫
0
1

-v 2+4 v dv2

We perform the indefinite integral and then evaluate

-∫v v dv t v dt v
dv
2 2
2+4 ; = 2+4 ⟹ = 8

- 1
∫ t dt - t =
3/2

+ c - =
2+4 v c
2
3/2

+
8 12 12

v
1
3/2

-v v dv - -
2
1 2+4 3/2
(6) 6 6 6
∫ 2+4
2
= = = = . ▣
0
12 0
12 12 2
Problem 2.

Let S be the unit sphere in R , consider f : S → R, f(x, y, z) = x + y -z .

3 2 3 2

Prove that f attains a minimum and a maximum and determine these values.

Solution.
We see that S is compact and path connected, and f is continuous, hence, Im(f) is compact
and connected, meaning it is a closed interval whose endpoints will be the maximum and
minimum values attained by f.

Define Lagrange's auxiliary function L(x, y, z, 𝜆) = x 2

+ y -z
3 2
+𝜆 x y z-
2
+
2
+
2
1

We compute ∇L(x, y, z, 𝜆) and we set it equal to 0 so that we obtain a system

x x x
y y y y
0 = 2 + 2𝜆 ⟹ 0 = (1 + 𝜆)
2

-z z z-
0 = 3 + 2𝜆 ⟹ 0 = (3 + 2𝜆)

x y z-
0 = 2 + 2𝜆 ⟹ 0 = ( 1 + 𝜆)
2 2 2
0 = + + 1

we solve by cases:
ix
) = 0

i x
.1) = 0, y = 0

This gives z 2
= 1

i x y z
i x y z -
.1.1) = 0, = 0, = 1

.1.2) = 0, = 0, = 1

i y
.2) 3 + 2𝜆 = 0
Then y =
- 2𝜆
,
3

i
.2.1) x = 0 , 3 y + 2𝜆 = 0, z = 0

Giving 1 =
4𝜆 9
2
⟹ = 𝜆
9 4

i
.2.1.1) x = 0 , 3 y + 2𝜆 = 0, z = 0, 𝜆 =
9

- 9

- - -
Then y =
2
Making a solution
4 9 3 3 9
= = . 0, , 0,
3 6 2 2 4

i
.2.1.1) x = 0 , 3 y + 2𝜆 = 0, z = 0, 𝜆 = - 9

-
4

This gives the same solution .

3 9
0, , 0,
2 4

i
.2.2) x = 0 , 3 y + 2𝜆 = 0, 𝜆 = 1

Then y =
- 2
,0=
4
+ z-
2
1 ⟹
5
= z 2

3 9 9

i
.2.2.1) x = 0 , 3 y + 2𝜆 = 0, 𝜆 = 1,
3
5
= z

This gives 0,
- 2
,
5
,1
3 3

i
.2.2.2) x = 0 , 3 y + 2𝜆 = 0, 𝜆 = 1, - 5

3
= z
This gives 0,
- - 2
,
5
,1
3 3

ii ) 𝜆 = - 1

Then z = 0

ii .1) 𝜆 = - y 1, = 0

Then 1 = x 2

ii .1.1)

(1, 0, 0, - 1)

ii .1.2)

(- 1, 0, 0, - 1)

ii .2) 𝜆 = - y 1, 3 + 2𝜆 = 0

Then y = , 0 = x - x
2 4 5
2 2
+ 1 ⟹ =
3 9 9

ii .2.1)

3
5
,
2

3
, 0, - 1

ii .2.2)

- 5
,
2
, 0, - 1
3 3

Now, plugging and comparing the points without the fourth component we got to f:
f x y z x y -z
( , , ) =
2
+
3 2

f(0, 0, 1) = - f 1, (0, 0, - 1) = - f - 1, 0,
2
3
,0 =
- f -
27

8
, 0,
3
2
,
3
5
=
-
23

27

f - -0,
3
2
,
3
5
=
- f
27
23
, (1, 0, 0) = 1, f- ( 1, 0, 0) = 1, f 3
5
,
2

3
,0 =
23

27

f- 3
5
,
2

3
,0 =
23

27
.

- - -27
, 1,
23
,
23
,1
8 27 27

Thus, the maximum is 1 and the minimum is

- 27
▣.
8

Problem 3.
Let f, g : R 2
\ {(0, 0)} → R 2
be given by

fxy x y gxy -y x
( , ) =

x y 2
+
2
,

x y
2
+
2
, ( , ) =
x y x y
2
+
2
,
2
+
2
.

Parametrize C as the image of the function r : [0, 𝜋] → R , r (t) = (cos(t), sin(t)) and 2

do the same for C with r : [0, 𝜋] → R , r (t) = (cos(t), - sin(t)).

1 1 1

2
2 2 2

Compute the integrals

∫
C f · dr, ∫C g · dr, ∫C f · dr, ∫C g · dr
1 1 2 2
and determine whether the fields f, g are conservative or not.
Solution.

r t
'1 ( ) = ( - t t
sin( ), cos( ))

r t
'2 ( ) = ( - t - t
sin( ), cos( ))

- t t t t
C f dr f r t r t dt dt
𝜋 𝜋
sin( )cos( ) sin( )cos( )
∫ ∫ ∫
t t t t
· = ( 1( )) · '1 ( ) = +
1 0 0
2 2 2 2
cos( ) + sin( ) cos( ) + sin( )

∫
0
𝜋

( - t t
sin( )cos( ) + sin( )cos( )) t t dt = 0.

- t t t t
C f dr f r t r t dt dt
𝜋 𝜋
sin( )cos( ) sin( )cos( )
∫ ∫ ∫
t t t t
· = ( 2
( )) · '2 ( ) = + =
2 0 0
2 2 2 2
cos( ) + sin( ) cos( ) + sin( )

∫
0
𝜋

( - t t
sin( )cos( ) + sin( )cos( )) = 0. t t

t t
C g dr g r t r t dt t dt
𝜋 𝜋 2 2
sin( ) cos( )
∫
1
· = ∫
0
( 1 ( )) · '1 ( ) = ∫
0
t
cos( )
2
+ sin( ) t 2
+
t
cos( )
2
+ sin( )
2
=

∫ dt
𝜋

1 = 𝜋.
0

C g dr g r t r t dt ∫ -t t t - t
t dt
𝜋 𝜋 2 2
sin( ) cos( )
∫
2
· = ∫
0
( 2 ( )) · '2 ( ) =
0
cos( )
2
+ sin( )
2
+
t
cos( )
2
+ sin( )
2
=

∫ - t t dt -
𝜋
2 2
( 1) sin( ) + cos( ) = 𝜋.
0

Thus, we can assert that g is not conservative.

For f,

x ∫
x dx
x y x y
∂1 𝜙 = ⟹
2 2 2 2
+ +

u x y du x
dx
2 2
= + ⟹ = 2 ⟹

∫
x dx ∫
1
dx u x y c
u
2 2

x y
= = = + +
2 2
+ 2

= x y h y 2
+
2
+ 1( )

y ∫
y dy x y h x 2 2

x y x y
∂2 𝜙 = ⟹ = + + 2( )
2 2 2 2
+ +

If0 = h y h x , then a potential for f is given by the norm restricted to the plane
1( ) = 2( )

minus the origin, R R x y x y , even though the domain is not

𝜙:
2
\ { 0, 0 } → , 𝜙( , ) = ||( , )||

star-like.▣

Problem 4.
Consider the equation e y x + log(x + cos(y)) = 1 . Prove that close to (0,0), the
+sin( )

equation defines a regular curve and compute a tangent line at (0,0).

Solution.

Let f : Dom(f) ⊆ R × R → R be given by f(x, y) = e y x y - .

+sin( x
)
+ log( + cos( )) 1

It has to be x + cos(y) > 0 . Since log is a continuous function, for x y sufficiently close to,
 , x + cos(y) is close to 1, so that x + cos(y) > 0 . Observe that f(0, 0) = 0 and f is at
least of class C .
0
1

f x y ey x - y f
sin( )

x y
+sin( )
∂2 ( , ) = + , ∂ 2 (0, 0) = 1 ≠ 0.
+ cos( )

Thus, by the implicit function theorem, there is an open set U ⊆ R with 0 ∈ U and a C 1

function g : U → R such that f(x, g(x)) = 0. It follows that

{(x, y) : y = g(x)} = {(x, y) : f(x, y) = 0 } .

I assume the curve meant is the graph of g.

∂1 Fxy ( , ) = cos( x ey
)
+sin( x
)
+
x
1

y
F
+ cos( )

∂1 (0, 0) = 2

The derivative g'(0) =

- F ∂1 (0, 0)
- . This is the slope of the tangent line at the
F ∂2 (0, 0)
= 2

origin.
The tangent line of g at 0 is given by
y g x g
= '(0) + (0)

y -x= 2 .

Problem 5.

Consider the regular surface S = (x, y, z) ∈ R 3

: x y z
2
+
4
+
6
= 𝜋 with outward unit
⏨. Compute the surface integral
normal N
x y z ⏨N dS .
∬
S x y z
2
+
2
+
2
3/2
,

x y z
2
+
2
+
2
3/2
,

x y z
2
+
2
+
2
3/2
·
Solution.
Note that (0, 0, 0) ∉ S . Let F : S → R be given by 3

Fxyz x y z It is clear that

x y z x y z x y z
( , , ) = , , .
3/2 3/2 3/2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + + + + +

F is C 1
.

We desire to compute the divergence of this field:

F -x y z
2
2
+
2
+
2

x y z
∂1 1 = ,
5/2
2 2 2
+ +

F -y x z
2
2
+
2
+
2

x y z
∂2 2
= ,
5/2
2 2 2
+ +

F -z x y
2
2
+
2
+
2

x y z
∂3 3
=
5/2
2 2 2
+ +

div F -z x y- y x z- x y z
2
2
+
2
+
2
2
2
+
2
+
2
2
2
+
2
+
2

x y z
( ) = = 0.
5/2
2 2 2
+ +

If B is the region of space bounded by S, then by the divergence theorem

∬ ⏨
S F · N = ∭B div(F) dV = ∭B 0 dV = 0