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Lesson 2

This document provides examples and explanations of covalent bonding. It discusses how covalent bonds are formed through the sharing of electron pairs between non-metal atoms to achieve stability. Single covalent bonds are then exemplified between elements like hydrogen, chlorine, nitrogen, carbon, and others. Multiple covalent bonds are also introduced through examples of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The lesson concludes with homework assignments from the textbook.

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37 views

Lesson 2

This document provides examples and explanations of covalent bonding. It discusses how covalent bonds are formed through the sharing of electron pairs between non-metal atoms to achieve stability. Single covalent bonds are then exemplified between elements like hydrogen, chlorine, nitrogen, carbon, and others. Multiple covalent bonds are also introduced through examples of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The lesson concludes with homework assignments from the textbook.

Uploaded by

Bobby Bichum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemistry for 10.05.

23

Lesson 2: Covalent bonding

1. How a covalent bond is formed?

E.g
1 17
H Cl
E.C = 1 E.C = 2, 8, 7

H Cl

H Cl
Structural formula : H-Cl

• A covalent bond is formed between non-metal atoms.

• There is sharing of e pairs between the non-metal atoms to achieve electronic stability.

• Each shared pair of e is a covalent bond.

• It is represented by — in the structural formula.

2. Single covalent bond

• Example 1: H2
1
H 2
E.C = 1

H H

H H

Structural formula : H–H

• Example 2: Cl 2
17
Cl 2
E.C = 2, 8, 7
Showing only valence shell
Cl Cl
Cl Cl

Structural formula : Cl–Cl

• Example 3: NH3
7 1
N H 3
E.C= 2, 5 E.C = 1

N H H H
H N H
H
Structural formula: H–N–H
–

• Example 4: CH4

6 1
C H 4
E.C= 2, 4 E.C = 1

C H H H H
H
H C H
H
H
– –

Structural formula: H–C–H


H

• Example 5: C2H6
6 1
C H 6
E.C= 2, 4 E.C = 1

C H H H
C H H H
H H
H C C H
H H
H H

– –
– –
Structural formula: H–C–C–H
H H

3. Multiple covalent bond

• Example 1: O 2
8
O 2
E.C = 2, 6

O O
O O
Structural formula: O–O

• Example 2: N2

7
N 2
E.C = 2, 5

N N

N N

Structural formula: N–N

• Example 3: CO2
6 8
C O 2
E.C= 2, 4 E.C = 2, 6

C O O
O C O
Structural formula: O–C –O
Homework
1. P. 52 question 2
2. P. 53 question 3

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