Bet MateiX “The Deferminant “f a pated with 4 reail atx Can be assec Every § square ma Jeberninen num bem called its Defraition of tte petermiant % a 2x2 Haters Tre determinant 4 ef matrt® ay yt Xe" ca an” | 421% £07” Ae L aa Ae CRD See 7255 is dct (pe lhl = ana = 44, Na igo BL (se get= Exam: ac a a [awe goat ° Ae L ® pe tye Be |. ha gan ale B= la 2 4 2 ce [° ab | 5 \cl= |" “\. 4 BE oe a 4 a Minors ant © coffee? \f A is 4 square i bein, thee re mine if ie entry ig 8 Jelerminant © arin, obtened 3 dele 9 ee row and “ eolum f AL™ cofacle iad c,76) Mis:For example, if Peis a 3x3 mateix then ene. ef Ma and Gan are Q rminocS and cofactor? as grown pelew- a 4 = Mines of a Gy ae el Mae | oe ‘3 43, Fan ee ag2 455 Delete govr ol Column + ¢ agactor “a ae ent cat! Age Mey Cofacer of Sem ay OS. | 2 Miner of TA ee a ag, 433 pelele 2 * ead column d cofactors of Find all Eh minocs On Example 4 row ond fest Soluhen | oT fied he, ino Myy delet the fies column of and evaluate EI delerminen® of the cesultag enptix D2 a2 al (* a8 n> ° rE Ai-ote| ; } 4.23 In gimiter sonnel, ue fond they Myrr3 My> 9, Mae aes Met 5Cofac bors ing eg!) Mig c,=4 Onee cane 4 Cayo Ca¥ 528 =3 527 Cy0.2 3 ee: dejerminant of xO dhe SH of 4 of & multe by the respec WE cofactors that 18) deilh)= le a at 1g 4 OT ti Tie Ga When ype use this dyinitte to avaia* a dedermina® ps are expanding by cofact os in the fives + 6 Exonp Gad, oe Leterme f p 2 m| gt 4° C= i" [4 : as (as-te)= ' ° \ Qq cat a \7 t\eel (g8)=F? \Al= ay Cut Ie at al ays 3 Lg\A\= yOu yg C12 4.413: ARSE ARETE he determinant 15 defined aS an expansion xb Proagh 4 by the cofeeh? jn the fost row, it con be sheet that the jplerminant can he evaluated by cxeanons in any fo or clr ape. \ Gat at 8 al gl + be Irie wer row 4 e ia expense > a ts |e | oe ie Halse 7 fet ot at.(o-4)-=-4 243 af (oa) cage) \" . \n2" 4 Ve 3 et Gear 28 coast 4 G 445)! aa \2 | o 2! \le ay Cut 2 . ms -\ 4 curly Gyao™ ar Es 4 0 | cae baa 1) fatal m glued ekponser ie Ot [ayrg-F =-6420 [We=< Ul Treotomn 3,L Kxpansor Yf Cofactor OQ Let A bea Sauar® matix of order M- Then tho deter minent of & rs) o tk der (ell 2 Gye = 8a a,c Ain io ge! T J “ath ~ 7% i row oxpansr? oO ee get (N= Al = = aig C15 ug Cig FOG Ete &n5 45% colama expanse % Tre 10" Cor colum? ) gon taining Lhe most zeros 1S usually Le expanse by cofactors the best clot Example. Find th de der mina of 23 ? 34 © at Selaten Notiw thet Ayren qi entries iat us Hurd Glenn are are 0s. ke iow oO of the go fo expans irr, use the thie ra columr \ [hl= ¢ ato? | (age (¢53) +” (Gg)= 3) eo a)” -t t 2 abe ra 02d 0 43 Hogar gh = eg o +Ce (0 cn I 2 Ae t@yr|o 2 + (ya] -| | I; 2| © 34 o+ 20 (-u) + Bla) (A= 12 Oy = G=39 {AI 2 3 (C= 3! i me thed is commonly used 69 evaluate ly this A lernakive of a 3x3 matt™ Te aP west and. Ser columns % in the cubdroets) bra prety t kk ny a sa the dager twee ee Sabie s lia groseeh pelo ~ Agra Ag a4 Als Oy tae gst Gig Yay 941 +415 4a Vie = Ag, Gg M5 MeeSolu kon a4 Oo b Y d ow eFsd these le palb-e-a-e-6 prodacts \hl= yetrg -—6 = * Note that the Aregpaal perce? ts valid oald pr matrices of order Fer marred Of higher order, we musk use cine her mmathod - Matries ie mateix 0S aprem teiangul cnaptel * that a sauere tries below its main Romem fom as all sere en Lrianguler when it has all zero Amateix tha t fs diagen r iby main dtagenel: diagonal matrix. enteies Avov! aodh upper and lower Ertangelar Ts 4Upree Trraageleer ae adeck : = “Tarnngeler mots 2 vu he A8°" | 922 deg * * > Aa los OL% : sete , ome # rise a. LO 6 a Ea ta» rik swirly , chang ular me ain jragonal. Te find the determinant of & 4 foro tre protect of the enters 04 the ™ fsa] o Oo 3 & The hese a CS e7 main deagoor 4 \Ne Theorem 3:2 Deterrinant of a Tevengele Matrix, 5A anne care te ix of er o 1, then \rs xt tei \ fri d e , 4 detere rane 1S re prose’ of the entries 0% ° : is # a te the nat TS) main diagonal: ee! ger (A) = [l= 4 Sans"2 ° Oo re | 4 -2 é -3 4 Boo od oO Jd: 3 uo “The deterensnaat of Jno lower dein gular mateix; \A\= a awtayer!* A Elemen ber} ou Operators Deter eninant?fxampt . The effec 4 Llemen tory Rus ‘O) opeeabey on a Determine YO “s ob deined from Ay sngerchanging 6 ay Tne matrw tne cows af A- “t\ yetiesleh ‘ Ale (ty \ek \\ 4 |. pape (eadedt 2-3 b) =e mortem Bis obtained fre A bY adding ~2 dimes the first cow of to tne second row of A. = 3 |. 1 Bal (ay-s)a-4t &* \A\ " a 4) \ 4 wales ae (39°F 2 Ooze \ BE \o x L c) Ine pe dK 1s obte “ee! Jeon Koby ceuldip tyid oe Sesd 1" of & PY Va 2 8 ' aplere= ee? \A\> | : |:2s-" el \, | . wae @. Molise thet vate changed tre +¥° ows of pe change? ne 509 of ths de deronine® qadeag -2 HO ane first row a to the cetera CoM oes got change yAs deter minent, ok me [aplyhy the fost cow of Robo Ip aulkiplits UES dle berrmreat by b,- caltqes these pbserv ates. «next Jreore™ geneWise Qn eorem 4 ‘Llementory Row operestions and Delereinants Lek Aand & be square mar eices when B is abtained fivrn be by in terchony id fuo ¢ A del) _ deH(A) Ko adiing 28 2. when & obtained from A, jer@eee) vf \ te anole few ° 3 When Bo abtained qrem AY jere constant c, de (2 ray a non practical way fo eva + da mnateix Ae, go an Xe Theorem 39 provider 4 Ke find Lhe lent de dermih pele fo obtain A lo A. fee cach Se? tow equivalent le 43.3 to determine the de kerma opera use Tneoren efyet I pow operat of 8 hey mel toplgingy te ) Examp®. wor oon dhe entered onl iad dine dle ferminant of -4 using elemen bevy mulbielping a row jee det(A) triangulen matix | ia the eliminate b Foncally, final 1M Ly main clerfonet ‘ir pws of Hiele of Cow of & juate determinants can Use clewentvy B, that 15 pro, dre elementary dle teranacut row opera tons2 3 3 1 3-3 22 y off !? 8 TRY S43 “14 3 & Factr Rout & te first colama “og o 6 4 5 3 by expanding by cofockes ™ the we he, Lak (0) (Se) folks) + (O32 © Matrices end Bere Dederminaats “sera Spscndies et BN a Bow pence! -) 0 4 =/3 0 4 second columa ie px 5. a Square matrix and any on of the concklfoas belo rs trae, t hen dot(A)= O- An entire row [or an entre column! consists of Fer0S- 2-) Two rows Cor calurs ) are equal 320m re (or columa) 15 4 multiol® of another ©o0 (or cobvea) 0 oO O 4-2 4 i *% O° 24 S|2O oY & nO 2 oe ' ; 3 - L it 4 oo * The fest cow has Tae first oval thie! The birel estan 15.9 al) aeres- rows are tte SAM multiple of dnc fies 4 Colum:CD EX ample Find the Jeterminent of’ Z 7 ) af ede o i’ 4 Soli Srudoe Adding -2 dime 5 dhe ficsteot to $he seconol row produces i 4 Ne | I Ay -2 aces) o 18 4 a4 Qe) { a 24 1o™ +g 4 Ho } - . “| r iP Cn i) | 4 ‘e- (0 1) | a sf 7f=+ (o-))** The malaix of cle a " fds ote ji Toe trans? Fir 3 He adjoint ist acye F 67 adj (A)= =| i 2 2r 3 / LHible var (2D Theo Rum 4. ABOREST, ip Pr (3 an oxn in Ver bren Wily Lady (™) det(a) __ Ee | Peat the adj.ink of A do Lid x! where MW Ke la a i [ o 7%vadocs for X od Xp mre Lormasl The nme Ipcement-s tre ahumn of constent a5 68 h a yg for ne coefficewh of % ond Xp 10 \Al. Tse tH? dotkermment ore denoted "9 vi aod [Acl as sw Apel ‘ hi by a \Ael ale \. ii a a be [Ae | wl d= he ye Bh aw You wey Al |e This [ekeroninad fore of $e soluhon is © Crayarts RAe- pe peep Qulo 7° solwe te Sys few gees Bxemles Use Cramer's af hneor equations - 4X\- 2x, 2h? 4t BK - Sx. = Solshiat_ First fod fre dederminent of dhe oe Pfresent malik « ial=|4 “2 beat The determinant is nonzero, gq uniqae solution , and applying] Cramer l) gpa knots ow syste hes 5 pula produce. 5 F i wt Ml ee Ki a 4 x= lel = ay Gada Gl 4 =14Cramer's Rule gen caliges 12 5 tem ern li 2 sys 5 of n Iineaw equates in 9 Variables, The v of cach variable is He quotient of dwo dleterminants. The denominator 15 de oleterminant of dhe ery t ris the determinant of the madex,and Ehe numers 42 we Glumn corres ponding matrix formed wy replacing t do bre veviable bem} solved f* nth the Column : suchen! representing cons teats. FPF example, Xin the syshon, ay au b G2, a2 be 4g) 930 ay, an An, Ae a3) 932 %3 ayXyt Ae X2t 19 Xe = b, Qa, Ky + Qoq X2 + F203 tele is QE [hs | - KAI ag X + 2% 99? ba Theorem BM Cramerts Futo Ipa syste of 8 linear equatons ya a Variables has 4 ry A with o nom ger? determinent IAL, then tre solute of fa Ser ts, et td) set (in) X= ett) sire Xp= ret) x= aw’ aet(h) J by Axe, THE presen® can Wee Prosf Lek ba system be Jeherminant of As nonzera , 9 yo * X= Kean aagA\ 2 Om % mJ Al \p dre entries of Bae bibe re bas then X= a CH crit by Gate t ba SateThe sum lin parentheoe*) is prec isely the cofactor expansion of Ai, wer (2 means Heat X17 Mees sand tne preaf 1% Ome Example Use Cramer” pu to sone the Sy stem of linea equates fer x. = X4 29° 32= L The delereainent 15 noagero, 5° OPA is unique- bowls Cramer's x, as Sho 2-3 = =" it & bebo po- 0 Area ofa Tage in bre ‘ gr The ac ofa griang® with vertices ¥)), fixie) 4 Feds and (x3) 157 n ¥ hence eh tl} LE : b meow Lb fe tre 90(F) a whe 9) is cheosen fo gNea posi he cvea.@® ei Aample — Find fhe area of the triangle Whose Vertees are 7 G1), G2), and G3) dolubia aft > * Z 22 4 --y % Areas My 4 3 ¥ Test For Collins Ports In be “X- Pleae> ace puns Ch), 68,30), 408 (x5, Ys) gre collmea™ ip and lg if; mow Lb det [ Ye iF° x3 Ig passing taroush tra distinct ey equation of tee hae gine Cena) 8 C0) x yt ut |i y -\=O my atExanpk. Find an equateit of tre line passing tivorph the points @in) arc (-1,3) Selden (a4) -@4) ( @ © 41.0 + 2 a 4 ° “4 = 4 ‘ Expand by exfactort ia he = 4 2 A 2 ej gla feats 7 4 1 (uy) — Gt FO (Gary 52)