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Eca Lab Report No 1

This lab report describes an introductory lab on electrical circuit analysis instruments. The objectives are to understand the DC power supply, digital multimeter, and breadboard. The DC power supply supplies a stable current or voltage that can be controlled via a knob. The multimeter measures current, voltage, and resistance by connecting in series, parallel, or removing the component from the circuit. The breadboard is used to construct prototype circuits by plugging in components. Tasks involve using color codes to identify resistor values, measuring resistances with a multimeter, and building series and parallel circuits on a breadboard. Questions at the end cover calculations of period and frequency from given values and the functions of ammeters, voltmeters, and

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aznia shireen
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40 views13 pages

Eca Lab Report No 1

This lab report describes an introductory lab on electrical circuit analysis instruments. The objectives are to understand the DC power supply, digital multimeter, and breadboard. The DC power supply supplies a stable current or voltage that can be controlled via a knob. The multimeter measures current, voltage, and resistance by connecting in series, parallel, or removing the component from the circuit. The breadboard is used to construct prototype circuits by plugging in components. Tasks involve using color codes to identify resistor values, measuring resistances with a multimeter, and building series and parallel circuits on a breadboard. Questions at the end cover calculations of period and frequency from given values and the functions of ammeters, voltmeters, and

Uploaded by

aznia shireen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELECTRIC

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
LAB REPORT NO 1:
Lab 01: Part 01: Introduction to lab Instruments
Objective:
To get a comprehensive understanding of various laboratory instruments
Equipment:
DC Power Supply,Digital Multi-meter and Bread-board

THEORY
DC Power Supply:
 A device that creates and supplies a stable direct current from C
power supply of outlet.
 It is used to generate either a constant voltage or a constant current.
 Voltage and current are controlled using knob
 In this way we can limit excess current which could damage
equipment.

Multimeter:
 A measuring instrument used to measure current,voltage and resistance.
 To measure current, the circuit must be broken to allow the ammeter to be
connected in series
ammeters must have a LOW resistance
 To measure potential difference (voltage), the circuit is not changed:the
voltmeter is connected in parallel voltmeters must have a HIGH resistance
 To measure resistance, the component must be removed from the circuit
altogether
 Ohmmeters work by passing a current through the component being tested

 It has 3 parts display, selection knob, ports.


Breadboard
 It is a construction base used to build semi-permanent prototypes of
electronic circuits.
 It is used to test electronic circuits.
 It is covered with holes lined with metal, in which wires and electrical
components such as resistors, diodes and capacitors can be plugged .

In-Lab Tasks:
Objectives:
 To find the value of a resistor and its tolerance by color coding.
 To measure the value of the resistor by Digital Multi-meter (DMM).
Task#1:
Select ten resistors (5% tolerance) between 1Ω and 1MΩ.

Procedure:

 Take ten resistors and by applying colour code measure the resistance of resistance.
 Then measure resistance using DMM.
 Calculate the error and fill the table.\
Observation:

Verify the value of resistance and tolerance of resistors using color codes, and complete the following
table:
Resistance value through Tolerance Value of resistance measured Error
colour codes() % by DMM
2.2 K ohm 5% 2.17 K ohm 3%
0.1 K ohm 5% 0.1 K ohm Nil
0.01 K ohm 5% 0.992 K ohm 9%
2.2 K ohm 5% 2.17 K ohm 3.00%
2.2 K ohm 5% 2.17 K ohm 3.00%
0.22 K ohm 5% 0.216 K ohm 0.40%
0.033 K ohm 5% 0.33 K ohm Nil
0.001 K ohm 5% 0.019 K ohm 1.80%
0.1 K ohm 5% 0.1 K ohm Nil
0.82 K ohm 5% 0.85 K ohm 0.50%

Task #2:
This is repetition of lab 4.
Build the circuits given below on the Breadboard and show it to the lab
instructor?


Resistance of series circuit
V = 9.1 mV
V1 = 25 mV
V2 = 11.7 mV
V1 = 6.5 mv

I1 = V1/R1 = 0.001 A

I2 = V2/R2 = 0.0011 A

I3 = V3/R3 = 0.001 A

Resistance of parallel circuit


V = 9.12 mV
V1 = 403 mV
V2 = 403 Mv
V3 = 403 Mv

I1 = V1/R1= 0.04 A
I2 = V2/R2 = 0,185 A

I3 = V3/R3 = 0.04 A

Post-Lab Task:
Answer the following Questions :functionality of oscilloscope is not mentioned
in this lab
(1) Calculate the frequency of waveforms with periods of (a) 10 s, (b) 5 ms, (c)
200 μs.

a) f=1/T = 1/10 = 0.1Hz


b) f=1/T = 1/(2*10^-3) = 500 Hz
c) f = 1/(200*10^-6) = 5000 Hz

(2) What is the period of waveforms with frequencies of (a) 20 Hz, (b) 150 kHz,(c)
0.5 Hz.
AS T = 1/f
a) T = 1/20 = 0.05 sec
b) T = 1/150*10^3 = 6.66 micro second
c) T = 1/0.5 = 2 sec
(3) Find values for the period, frequency, peak amplitude, peak-to-peak amplitude
and rms amplitude for the sine wave shown below:

b
(4) What are the important features of ammeters, voltmeters and ohmmeters?
Ammeter:
ammeter, instrument for measuring either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) electric
current, in amperes. An ammeter can measure a wide range of current values
because at high values only a small portion of the current is directed through the
meter mechanism; a shunt in parallel with the meter carries the major portion.

Voltmeter:
A voltmeter measures voltages usually calibrated in volts, millivolts (0.001 volt),
or kilovolts (1,000 volts). In order to measure a device's voltage, a voltmeter is
connected in parallel to a device. This setup is important as objects in parallel
usually tend to experience the same potential difference.

Ohmmeter:
Instrument for measuring electrical resistance, which is expressed in ohms. In the
simplest ohmmeters, the resistance to be measured may be connected to the
instrument in parallel or in series. If in parallel (parallel ohmmeter), the
instrument will draw more current as resistance increases.

(5) What is the value of resistor having colors red, red, yellow and gold?
=22*10000(5%) ohm

(6) What is the largest deviation in Table of task 2? Would it ever be possible to
find a value that is outside the stated tolerance? Why or why not?
(8) What does “short circuit” mean?
A short circuit is an electrical circuit that allows a current to travel along an
unintended path with no or very low electrical impedance. This results in an
excessive current flowing through the circuit. The opposite of a short circuit is an
open circuit, which is an infinite resistance between two nodes.

(9) What does “open circuit” mean?


Open-circuit voltage is the difference of electrical potential between two
terminals of an electronic device when disconnected from any circuit. There is no
external load connected. No external electric current flows between the
terminals.

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