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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1(a) First mark (2)
Electronic configurations:
Cu2+ is [Ar] 3d9 and Zn2+ is [Ar] 3d10

IGNORE 4so / full electronic configuration of Ar (1)

Second mark
If both EC are correct:

EITHER
Copper (is a transition element because it) forms a d shell
(stable) ion with an incompletely / partially filled
d-subshell / orbital(s) sub-
ALLOW forms an ion with unpaired d electron(s) shell /
orbital
OR other
Zinc only forms an ion with a full d-subshell / than
all d orbitals full (1) 3d

If one or both EC are incorrect:

Copper (is a transition element because it) forms a

(stable) ion with an incompletely filled d-subshell /
orbital(s)
and
zinc only forms an ion with a full d-subshell /
all d orbitals full (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1(b) CuCl + AgCl ⇌ CuCl2 + Ag (2)
OR
Cu+ + Ag+ ⇌ Cu2+ + Ag
OR
CuCl + Ag+ ⇌ Cu2+ + Ag + Cl-

ALLOW → (1)

IGNORE state symbols / half-equations

Stand alone mark

(Equilibrium moves to the right in sunlight) Copper (metal)/
producing silver (1) copper(I)
compounds
IGNORE copper(II) compounds
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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1(c) Shape – square planar (2)

or
ALLOW bonds with or without arrows

ALLOW Cls joined by lines in a square

ALLOW tetrahedral shape (1)

IGNORE brackets and/or charges

Bonding - dative (covalent) /co-ordinate

ALLOW shown on diagram as arrows from Cl to Cu (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Rej Mark

Number ect
1(d)(i) Cu + CuCl2 + 2HCl → 2[CuCl2]− + 2H+ (1)
OR
Cu + Cu2+ + 4Cl− → 2[CuCl2]−
OR
Cu + [Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl− → 2[CuCl2]− + 6H2O
OR
Cu + [Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4HCl → 2[CuCl2]− + 6H2O + 4H+
OR
Cu + CuCl2 + 2Cl− → 2[CuCl2]−

IGNORE state symbols, even if incorrect /

missing brackets
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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1(d)(ii) Disproportionation is the simultaneous oxidation (2)
and reduction of a (single) species / atom /
element / ion (to form 2 different oxidation
states) (1)

IGNORE reactant / substance / molecule /

compound

Not disproportionation because two different

species (of copper) are oxidised and reduced

OR
Not disproportionation as (start with 2 different
oxidation states of copper and) only produces 1
oxidation state

ALLOW
Disproportionation is the other way around /
this is reverse disproportionation /
comproportionation (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1(d)(iii) The d-subshell is full / d10 d orbital (2)
OR
all d orbitals are full any number
ALLOW other than 3(d)
d shell is full (1)

d-d transitions cannot take place d-subshell /

d orbitals do
OR not split
Electrons cannot move between d orbitals

OR
Electrons cannot be promoted / excited to
higher d orbital(s) (1)

IGNORE just ‘movement to different energy

level’
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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1(e)(i) State symbols are required Equations with (1)
NaOH / Na+/
IGNORE missing square brackets SO42− ions

Cu2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) → Cu(OH)2(s)

OR
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) →
Cu(OH)2(s) + 6H2O(l)
OR
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) →
Cu(OH)2(H2O)4(s) + 2H2O(l)

OR
Cu2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) + 4H2O(l) →
Cu(OH)2(H2O)4(s)

ALLOW equations with [Cu(H2O)4]2+(aq)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1(e)(ii) Ligand exchange / ligand substitution / Acid/base reaction (1)
ligand replacement
Deprotonation

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1(f)(i) Ligand has 2 atoms that can form 2 ligands attached (1)
(co-ordinate / dative covalent) bonds (to to the ion
the metal ion)
Ionic bond
ALLOW
Has 2 lone pairs that form (co-ordinate / Just ‘has 2 lone
dative covalent) bonds pairs’

ALLOW
Has 2 lone pairs that it donates (to the
metal ion)

ALLOW
Forms 2 (co-ordinate / dative covalent)
bonds (to the metal ion)
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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1(f)(ii) First mark (2)
(there are) more particles / moles / species on Molecules /
the right (of the equation) atoms

OR
(there is an increase from) 4 particles / moles / Incorrect
species on the left of the equation to 7 on the numbers of
right (1) particles /
moles
Second mark
(so) ∆Ssystem increases / is positive (and the
reaction is thermodynamically feasible)

ALLOW
∆Stotal is positive / increasing (and the reaction
is thermodynamically feasible)

ALLOW
(there is) an increase in entropy (and the
reaction is thermodynamically feasible) (1)

IGNORE
Just ‘disorder increases’

Total for Question 22 = 16 marks

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2(i) Ni: (1s2 2s22p6 ) 3s23p6 3d8 4s2 (1) 2

Cu: (1s2 2s22p6 ) 3s23p6 3d104s1 (1)

ALLOW capital letters, subscripts for

superscripts
ALLOW 4s before 3d

Penalise omission of 3s23p6 once only

if rest is correct

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2*(ii) First electron removed is from 4s (in 2
both atoms)
(1)

Second electron in Cu (is harder to

remove so it is)
EITHER
closer to nucleus/in inner shell
OR
less shielded (1)

IGNORE
Comments about second electron
being in full shell/ in a 3d shell/in a
3d orbital
Reference to 3d10 stability

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2a(iii) (attraction on (3d) electrons 1
increases due to)
number of protons increasing /
nuclear charge increasing

IGNORE
The charge density of the 2+ ions
increases
Effective nuclear charge
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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2b(i) 2Cu+(aq)  Cu(s) + Cu2+(aq) Reverse equation 1
IGNORE Any equation
Eqm sign for  involving
electrons

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2b(ii) Both white 2

ALLOW
(both) Colourless (1)

COMMENT
Ignore states eg solution/precipitate

As have 3d10 / have a full 3d sub-shell

/ALL 3d orbitals are full
(1)
IGNORE
Does not have partially filled d orbitals
They do not absorb light
No d-d transitions occur

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2c (Zinc) does not form a (stable) ion Element has full 1
with incompletely/partially filled d d shells.
orbitals

ALLOW
d sub-shell for d orbitals
The only (stable) ion formed by zinc
has full d sub-shell
It does not form a (stable) oxidation
state with incompletely/partially filled
d orbitals
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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3 (a) (A transition metal) forms ions / 1
oxidation states with partially filled
/ incomplete d orbital(s) / d sub-shell

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3 W = chromate(VI) (ion) / CrO42− (1) Names 4
without
(b)(i) X = chromium(III) hydroxide / Cr(OH)3 / oxidation
Cr(OH)3(H2O)3 (1) numbers.

Y = hexahydroxochromate(III) (ions) /
[Cr(OH)6]3− /tetrahydroxochromate(III)
(ions) / [Cr(OH)4]− / [Cr(H2O)2(OH)4]− (1)

Z = chromium(II) (ions) / chromium(II)

sulfate / Cr2+ / Cr2+(aq) / [Cr(H2O)6]2+ (1)

ALLOW
Name or formula of the compounds

IGNORE
Omission of square brackets around
complexes

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3 A = ethanol / C2H5OH / ethanal / CH3COH 3
CH3CHO OR any primary or secondary
(b)(ii)
alcohol or any aldehyde (1)

B = zinc / Zn Alkali metals

ALLOW magnesium / Mg (1) Tin / Sn

C = any acid (name or formula) (1) H+ or H3O+ or

acid
IGNORE
Omission of (aq) with acid formula
Concentration of acid

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3 Cr2O72− + 2OH− → 2CrO42− + H2O 1
(b)(iii) OR
Multiples

Ignore state symbols even if incorrect

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3 (NH4)2Cr2O7 → Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O 3
(b)(iv) Allow multiples (1)

Chromium is reduced from (+)6 to (+)3 (1)

Nitrogen is oxidized from −3 to 0 (1)

Penalise use of ‘changes’ / ‘increases’ /

‘decreases’ for ‘oxidises’ or ‘reduces’ once
only

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3 (chromium(II) ions) oxidized by 1
(b)(v) (oxygen in the) air

ALLOW
Just ‘oxygen’

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3 (c)(i) (A ligand is a) molecule or (negative) Positive ion 2
ion with a (lone) pair (of electrons)

ALLOW
Species / Compound / group (1)

Which forms a dative covalent bond

with a (central) metal ion or atom (to
form a complex) (1)

ALLOW (if no other marked scored)

Electron pair donor

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3 Cr(H2O)63+ + 6NH3 Cr3+ and 2
(c)(ii) → Cr(NH3)63+ + 6H2O Cr3+(aq)
ALLOW
Cr(H2O)63+ + 4NH3
→ Cr(NH3)4(H2O)23+ + 4H2O

Correct formula for ammine (1)

Rest of the equation correct (1)
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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
4 (a) 1s22s22p63s23p63d5(4s0) (1) 2
Accept [Ar]3d5(4s0)

(Ion) has an incompletely filled (3)d-orbital /

sub-shell / unpaired d electron (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
*4 (b) Gases adsorb onto / bind to catalyst 4
(surface) (1)

Allow gases are absorbed onto surface

Then react and desorb / leave (1)

Reaction could be faster because

Any two
• These processes lower the activation
energy (by providing an alternative
route so a greater proportion of
molecules react)

• Bonds in reactant(s) are weakened Just ‘bonds in

reactants are
• Reactants may be positioned in more broken’
favourable orientations

• Reactants can migrate towards each

other on surface

• Increases likelihood of molecules

coming into contact / colliding

• Adsorption onto surface means more

reactant molecules in a given space
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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
4 (c) Ecell for reaction is (+) 0.84 (V) (so will work) Just ‘because of 4
/ Ecell for item 44 is more positive than for the anti-clockwise
item 19 / illustrate using anti-clockwise rule rule’
(1)

2Fe + O2 + 2H2O → 2Fe2+ + 4OH−

or
2Fe + O2 + 2H2O → 2Fe(OH)2 (1)

Ecell for reaction is (+)0.96 (V) (so will work)

/ Ecell for item 44 is more positive than for
item 17 / illustrate using anti-clockwise rule
(1)

4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O → 4Fe(OH)3 (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
4 (d) Lone pair(s) (from nitrogen(s)) (1) 2

Forms dative / dative covalent / coordinate

bond (with Fe2+) (1)
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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
5(a)(i) Any TWO of: 2
complex ions / complexes (1) complex compounds

coloured ions / compounds / solutions (1)

catalytic properties (1)

paramagnetic (1)

Allow
coloured complexes (2)

coloured complex compound (1)

If a list appears with 1 or 2 correct properties

followed by properties related to the element,
then (1) mark only

Ignore ‘partially filled d-orbitals’

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
5(a)(ii) 3
OH2 3+
H2O OH2
V
H2O OH2

OH2

ignore absence of charge

clearly octahedral (ignore bonds to the H in
H2O) (1) but allow some latitude in the symbols
used to show the 3D structure.

Wedges do not have to be exact – if used they

are enough to show 3D if the axial bonds are
lines

The word ‘octahedral’ does not salvage a poor

drawing

dative (covalent) / coordinate (bond) (1)

not just shown by an arrow

lone pair (of electrons on the oxygen) (1)

can be shown on the diagram
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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
5(b)(i) (+) 0.34 (V) OR (+) 0,34 V 1

sign not needed

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
5(b)(ii) (simultaneous) oxidation and reduction (1) 2
QWC
Allow redox

of a species / substance / reactant / compound

/ chemical / element (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
5(b)(iii) − 0.66(V) (1) 2

Allow TE from (b)(i)

reaction not feasible since the potential is

negative (2nd mark is for an answer consistent
with sign of Eo ) (1)