LIST OF COMPUTER AWARENESS

ABBREVIATIONS
1. ACID: Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability
2. ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
3. AFAIK (as far as I know; email)
4. AGP Advanced Graphics Port
5. AIM AOL Instant Messenger
6. ALGOL: Algorithmic Language
7. ALT. ALTernate lifestyle (USENET newsgroup category)
8. ANSI American National Standards Institute
9. AOL America Online
10. API: Application Program Interface
11. ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
12. ARPANET: Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
13. ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
14. AS: Autonomous System
15. ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
16. ASP Association of Shareware Professionals
17. ASP: Active Server Pages
18. ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface [Adaptec]
19. ATA Advanced Technology Attachment (original hard drive interface)
20. ATDT Attention Dial Tone (modem command)
21. ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode
22. ATZ Attention Restore configuration profile from nonvolatile RAM (modem
command)
23. Autoexec Automatic Execution file (AUTOEXEC.BAT automatically executed on
startup of DOS systems)
24. AWK (Unix language named after its authors... Al Aho, Peter Weinberger and
Brian Kernighan)
25. B Keyboard + Kilobyte (1,024 bytes; also kB)
26. B2B Business to Business
27. BASIC: Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
28. BCC: Blind Carbon Copy

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 29. BCR: Bar Code Reader
30. BDSL Broadband DSL
31. BEDO Burst Extended Data Out (RAM)
32. BGP: Border Gateway Protocol
33. BIOS: Basic input Output System
34. BIPS: Billion Instruction Per Second
35. BPS Bits Per Second + Bytes Per Second
36. BRD: Blu-Ray Disc
37. BsoD Blue (or black) Screen of Death: Windows just died (again)
38. CAD Computer Aided Design
39. CADD Computer Aided Design and Drafting
40. CAN: Campus Area Network
41. CC: Carbon Copy (email usage)
42. CCITT Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique/
43. CD Change Directory (UNIX/DOS)
44. CD: Compact Disc
45. CD0R/W Compact Disk – Rewritable
46. CDMA Code-Division Multiple Access (wireless/cellphone protocol)
47. CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data (wireless protocol)
48. CD-R Compact Disk - Recordable
49. CD-ROM Compact Disk - Read Only Memory
50. CD-WO Compact Disk - Write Once
51. CD-XA Compact Disk - Extended Architecture
52. CERN The European Particle Physics Laboratory (initials originally from Conseil
European pour la Recherche Nucleaire)
53. CERT Computer Emergency Response Team)
54. CGI-BIN Common Gateway Interface - Binary (programming for Web forms)
55. CIS CompuServe Information Service
56. CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (type of nonvolatile memory
chip) + PC Configuration stored on CMOS
57. CMYK Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black (color model)
58. CNM: Circulatory Network Mode
59. COAX Coaxial Cable (for Ethernet and similar networks)
60. COM1 First serial Port (asynchronous port)
61. COM2 Second serial Port
62. COMDEX Computer Dealers Exposition (biggest yearly U.S. computer show)
63. Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone
64. CPU Central Processing Unit

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 65. CRT Cathode Ray Tube: standard type computer monitor display
66. CSID Call Subscriber ID (for FAX and phone caller ID)
67. CSLIP Compressed Serial Line Interface Protocol [Internet]
68. CSV Comma-Separated Value/Variable (file type)
69. CTRL Control (computer keyboard key)
70. DAC Data Acquisition and Control + Digital to Analog Converter
71. dB Decibel
72. DBMS Data Base Management System
73. DCD Data Carrier Detect
74. DCE Data Communications Equipment + Distributed Computing Environment
[OSF] + Distributed Computing Equipment
75. DCF Data Communication Facility [IBM] +
76. DDE Direct Data Entry + Dynamic Data Exchange [Microsoft]
77. DDR Double Data Rate (double=speed of RAM)
78. DDR-SDRAM Double Data Rate-SDRAM
79. DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
80. DHTML: Dynamic Hyper Text Markup Language
81. DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module
82. DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm (German equivalent of EIA)
83. DIP Dual In-line Package (e.g., DIP switches)
84. DIR Directory (file)
85. DLL Dynamic Link Library
86. DMA Direct Memory Access/Addressing
87. DNS: Domain Name Server
88. DOS Disk Operating System
89. DPI Dots Per Inch
90. DSL Digital Subscriber Line: fast Internet connection over existing phone lines
91. DSTN Double Supertwisted Nematic (LCD screen type)
92. DTMF Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (phone tones)
93. DUN Dial-Up Networking (Microsoft)
94. DVD: Digital Video/Versatile Disc
95. EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code [IBM] (is to ASCII as
Sanskrit is to English)
96. ECC Error Check Code + Error Checking and Correction + Error Correction Code
97. ECP Enhanced Capabilities Port [Microsoft]
98. EDI: Electronic Data Interchange
99. EDO Extended Data Out (RAM)
100. EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (hard drive interface)

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 101. EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture (PC bus design)
102. EMACS Editing Macros [Unix editor]
103. EOF End of File (^Z character)
104. EPP Enhanced Parallel Port
105. EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
106. EPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory + Erasable Programmable
Read Only Memory
107. PROM: Programmable ROM
108. ESDI Enhanced Small Device Interface
109. EWAN Emulator Without A Good Name [Internet]
110. FAQ Frequently Asked Question
111. FAT File Allocation Table
112. FDC Floppy Disk Controller
113. FDD: Floppy Disc Drive
114. FDISK Fixed Disk (DOS utility)
115. FIFO First-In, First-Out
116. Firewire IEEE 1394 serial port (faster than USB)
117. FLOPS Floating Point Operations/Second
118. FPM Fast Page Mode (RAM)
119. FTP: File Transfer Protocol
120. FYI For Your Information
121. GIF: Graphics Interchange Format
122. GIGO Garbage In, Garbage Out
123. GIS Geographic Information System
124. GNU Gnu's Not Unix (operating system that really IS Unix)
125. GPS Global Positioning Satellite/System
126. GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication
127. GUI Graphical User Interface
128. GW-basic Gee Whiz BASIC
129. HDD: Hard Disc Drive
130. HDSL High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) + High-Speed Digital
Subscriber Loop
131. HDTV High Definition Television
132. HEX Hexadecimal
133. HP Hewlett-Packard (Company)
134. HPFS High-Performance File System (Windows NT)
135. HPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language
136. HPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus

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 137. HPLJ Hewlett-Packard Laser Jet
138. HSV Hue Saturation Value (color model)
139. HTML HyperText Markup Language
140. HTTP HyperText Transport Protocol
141. HTTP-NG HTTP Next Generation
142. HTTPS HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
143. HVD: Holographic Versatile Disc
144. Hz Hertz (frequency, per second)
145. I/O Input/Output (serial and parallel ports)
146. ICANN: Internet Corporation of Assign Names & Numbers
147. IDE Integrated Development Environment [Borland] + Integrated Drive
Electronics + Intelligent Drive Electronics
148. IEEE 1394 Firewire (faster serial port than USB)
149. IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer
150. IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol [Internet; a step up from POP]
151. IMAP4: Internet Message Access Protocol Version 4
152. IMHO (in my humble opinion; email)
153. IP Internet Protocol (as in TCP/IP)
154. IPV4: Internet Protocol Version 4
155. IPV6: Internet Protocol Version 6
156. IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange [Novell]
157. IR Infrared
158. IrDA Infrared Data Association (Ir port standard)
159. IRQ Interrupt Request (PC hardware signal)
160. ISA Industry Standard Architecture
161. ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network (digital phone line)
162. ISO: International Standard Organization/ International Org for Standardisation
163. ISP Internet Service Provider
164. IT Information Technology
165. IVR: Interactive Voice Response
166. I-WAY Information Highway
167. JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
168. kHz Kilohertz
169. LAN Local Area Network
170. LCD Liquid Crystal Display
171. LED Light Emitting Diode
172. LF Line Feed
173. LIF Low Insertion Force

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 174. LINUX (Free-Source version of UNIX Operating system named after Linus
Torvalds)
175. listserv List Server [Internet]
176. LPI Lines Per Inch
177. LPT Line Printer
178. LPT1 First Parallel Printer Port
179. LPT2 Second Parallel Printer Port
180. LQ Letter Quality
181. LSI Large Scale Integration
182. LZW Lempel-Ziv-Walsh (algorithm)
183. MAC: Media Access Control
184. MANET: Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
185. MB Megabyte (also mB; 1,000 kilobytes)
186. MBASIC Microsoft BASIC [Microsoft]
187. Mbps Megabits Per Second
188. MBps Megabytes Per Second
189. MD Make Directory (DOS/Unix)
190. MEG Megabyte
191. MFS Macintosh File System [Macintosh]
192. MHz Megahertz (million cycles per second)
193. MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Reader / Recognition
194. MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
195. MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
196. MIPS Million Instructions Per Second
197. MMX Multimedia Extensions (additional CPU instructions)
198. MODEM Modulator Demodulator
199. MPC Multimedia Personal Computer (Microsoft)
200. MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
201. MSCDEX Microsoft Compact Disc Extension
202. MS-DOS Microsoft - Disk Operating System
203. MSIE Microsoft Internet Explorer [Microsoft]
204. MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
205. NAT: Network Address Translation
206. NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications
207. NICAD Nickel Cadmium
208. NIMH Nickel-Metal Hydride
209. NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol [Internet]
210. NSFNET National Science Foundation Network

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 211. NTP: Network Time Protocol
212. OCR: Optical Character Reader / Recognition
213. OCX OLE Custom Control
214. OLE Object Linking and Embedding [Microsoft]
215. OMR: Optical Mark Reader / Recognition
216. P2P: Point to Point Protocol
217. PAN: Personal Area Network
218. PBSRAM Pipeline Burst RAM
219. PCB: Printer Circuit Board
220. PC-DOS Personal Computer - Disk Operating System [IBM]
221. PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect/Interface (PC Bus)
222. PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
223. PD Public Domain
224. PDA Personal Digital Assistant
225. PDF: Portable Document Format
226. PGP Pretty Good Privacy (name of encryption program)
227. PIM Personal Information Manager
228. PING Packet Internet Groper
229. PIXEL Picture Element
230. POP Post Office Protocol (protocol for distributing email)
231. POP3: Post Office Protocol Version3
232. Popmail email via POP
233. PPM Pages Per Minute
234. PPP: Peer to Peer Protocol
235. PRN Printer
236. PRTSC Print Screen
237. RAID Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks + Redundant Arrays of
Independent Drives + Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks
238. RAM Random Access Memory
239. DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
240. RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
241. SGRAM Synchronous Graphics RAM
242. SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
243. SRAM Static Random Access Memory
244. RDRAM Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory
245. REM Remark (comment)
246. RGB Red-Green-Blue (color model)
247. RIMM Rambus Inline Memory Module

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 248. RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
249. RJ-11 Standard U.S. phone connector
250. RJ-45 Standard Ethernet connector
251. RLL Run Length Limited (encoding scheme for hard disks)
252. RLSI Ridiculously Large-Scale Integration
253. RMA Return Material Authorization + Return to Manufacturer Authorization
254. RMDIR Remove Directory (DOS/Unix)
255. RN Read News [Internet]
256. ROM: Read Only Memory
257. ROTFL (rolling on the floor laughing; email)
258. SAN: Storage Area Network
259. SCSI Small Computer System Interface (for hard drives, scanners, etc.)
260. SFTP: Secure File Transfer Protocol
261. SG Message
262. SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
263. SIMM Single In-line Memory Module
264. SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
265. SIPP Single In-line Pin Package
266. SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol
267. SMIME: Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
268. SMPS: Switch Mode Power Supply
269. SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
270. SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
271. SNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic Language (Programming Language)
272. SO-DIMM Small Outline DIMM
273. SQL: Structured Query Language
274. SSH: Secure Shell
275. SSL Secure Sockets Layer
276. SVGA Super Video Graphics Array
277. SYSOP System Operator
278. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
279. TDMA Tone-Division Multiple Access wireless/cellphone protocol
280. Tel Net: Telecommunication Networking
281. TEMP Temporary
282. TFT: Thin Film Transistor
283. TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol
284. Thomas The (U.S.) House (of Representatives) Open Multimedia Access System
285. TIFF Tagged Image File Format

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 286. TIPS: Trillion Instruction Per Second
287. TMP Temporary
288. TWAIN Technology Without Any Interesting Name (connection between
application and scanner software)
289. UAE Unrecoverable Application Error
290. UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
291. UDMA Ultra Direct Memory Access
292. UDP: User Datagram Protocol
293. UMB Upper Memory Block [LIM/AST]
294. UNIX (AT&T Bell Laboratories Operating System)
295. UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
296. URL: Uniform Resource Locator
297. USB: Universal Serial Bus
298. USENET User's Network [Internet]
299. UUCP Unix-To-Unix Copy Program
300. UXGA Ultra XGA; see XGA; 1600x1200 pixels
301. VAX/VMS Virtual Address Extension/Virtual Memory System [DEC]
302. VDT Video Dial Tone + Video Display Terminal
303. VFAT Virtual File Allocation Table [Microsoft]
304. VGA Video Graphics Array: IBM/Windows 640x480 color graphics display
standard
305. VIRUS: Vital Information Resource Under Siege
306. VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol
307. VRAM Video Random Access Memory
308. VxD Virtual Extended Driver [Microsoft]
309. WAIS Wide Area Information Server
310. WFW Windows For Workgroups [Microsoft]
311. WIFI: Wireless fidelity
312. WIMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
313. Winword Word For Windows [Microsoft]
314. WORM Write Once, Read Many
315. WP WordPerfect + Word Processing + Write Protected
316. WPM Words Per Minute
317. WRAM Windows RAM (graphics card)
318. WS WordStar + Workstation
319. WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get
320. XGA Extended Graphics Array [IBM]: generically, 1024x768 color standard
321. ZIF Zero-Insertion Force (socket)

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