CA-Inter-Costing-A-MTP-2-May 2023

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Test Series: April, 2023


MOCK TEST PAPER – 2
INTERMEDIATE: GROUP – I
PAPER – 3: COST MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Suggested Answers/ Hints

FixedCost
1. (a) (i) Break-even sales =
P / V Ratio
ChangeinPr ofit ` 37,50,000
P/V Ratio =  100 or, ×100
ChangeinSales ` 7,80,60,000 - ` 5,93,10,000

` 37,50,000
Or, ×100 or, 20%
` 1,87,50,000
` 98,50,000
Break-even sales = = `4,92,50,000
20%
(ii) Profit/ loss = Contribution – Fixed Cost
= `8,20,00,000 × 20% - `98,50,000
= `1,64,00,000 – `98,50,000 = `65,50,000
(iii) To earn same amount of profit in 2022-23 as it was in 2021-22, the company has to earn the
same amount of contribution as it had earned in 2021-22.
Sales – Variable cost = Contribution equal to 2021-22 contribution
Contribution in 2021-22 = Sales in 2021-22 × P/V Ratio in 2021-22
= `5,93,10,000 × 20% = `1,18,62,000
Let the number of units to be sold in 2022-23 = X
Sales in 2022-23 – Variable cost in 2022-23 = Desired Contribution
90 X – 80 X = `1,18,62,000
Or, 10 X = 1,18,62,000
Or, X = 11,86,200 units
Therefore, Sales amount required to earn a profit equal to 2021-22 profit
= ` 90 × 11,86,200 units = ` 10,67,58,000
(b) (i) Flexible Budget before marketing efforts:
Product A (`) Product B (`)
6,000 units 9,000 units
Per unit Total Per unit Total
Sales 120.00 7,20,000 78.00 7,02,000
Raw material cost 60.00 3,60,000 42.00 3,78,000
Direct labour cost per unit 30.00 1,80,000 18.00 1,62,000
Variable overhead per unit 12.00 72,000 6.00 54,000
Fixed overhead per unit 8.00 48,000 4.00 36,000
Total cost 110.00 6,60,000 70.00 6,30,000
Profit 10.00 60,000 8.00 72,000

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(ii) Flexible Budget after marketing efforts:
Product A (`) Product B (`)
7,500 units 9,500 units
Per unit Total Per unit Total
Sales 120.00 9,00,000 78.00 7,41,000
Raw material cost 60.00 4,50,000 42.00 3,99,000
Direct labour cost per unit 30.00 2,25,000 18.00 1,71,000
Variable overhead per unit 13.20 99,000 6.60 62,700
Fixed overhead per unit 6.72 50,400 3.98 37,800
Total cost 109.92 8,24,400 70.58 6,70,500
Profit 10.08 75,600 7.42 70,500
(c) Statement of Reconciliation
Particulars Amount (`) Amount (`)
Net profit as per Cost accounts 10,20,000
Add:
Administration Overheads over-absorbed 1,20,000
Interest on investments 1,92,000
Transfer fees 48,000
Stores adjustment 28,000
Dividend received 64,000 4,52,000
Less:
Factory Overheads under-absorbed 80,000
Depreciation under charged 1,00,000
Income-tax provided 1,08,000
Interest on loan funds 4,90,000 (7,78,000)
Net profit as per Financial accounts 6,94,000
(d) (i) Reorder Quantity (ROQ) = 1,691 kg. (Refer to working note)
(ii) Reorder level (ROL) = Maximum usage × Maximum re-order period
= 900 kg. × 8 weeks = 7,200 kg.
(iii) Maximum level = ROL + ROQ – (Min. usage × Min. re-order period)
= 7,200 kg. + 1,691 kg. – (200 kg.× 4 weeks)
= 8,091 kg.
(iv) Minimum level = ROL – (Normal usage × Normal re-order period)
= 7,200 kg. – (550 kg. × 6 weeks)
= 3,900 kg.
1
(v) Average stock level = (Maximum level + Minimum level)
2

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1
= (8,091 kg. + 3,900 kg.) = 5,995.5 kg.
2
OR
1
= Minimum level + ROQ
2
1
= 3,900 kg. + × 1,691 kg. = 4,745.5 kg.
2
Working Note
Annual consumption of raw material (A) = (550 kg. × 52 weeks) = 28,600 kg.
Cost of placing an order (O) = ` 200
Carrying cost per kg. Per annum (c × i) = ` 20 × 20% = `4
2AO
Economic order quantity (EOQ) =
C×i

2  28,600 kgs.  `200


= = 1,691 Kg. (Approx)
`4
2. (a) (i) Production Budget of ‘X’ for the first Quarter
Particulars Bags (Nos.)
Budgeted Sales 50,000
Add: Desired Closing stock 11,000
Total Requirements 61,000
Less: Opening stock 15,000
Required Production 46,000
(ii) Raw–Materials Purchase Budget in Quantity as well as in ` for 46,000 Bags of ‘X’
Particulars ‘Y’ ‘Z’ Empty Bags
Kgs. Kgs. Nos.
Production Requirements 2.5 7.5 1.0
Per bag of ‘X’
Requirement for Production 1,15,000 3,45,000 46,000
(46,000 × 2.5) (46,000 × 7.5) (46,000 × 1)
Add: Desired Closing Stock 26,000 47,000 28,000
Total Requirements 1,41,000 3,92,000 74,000
Less: Opening Stock 32,000 57,000 37,000
Quantity to be purchased 1,09,000 3,35,000 37,000
Cost per Kg./Bag `120 `20 `80
Cost of Purchase (`) 1,30,80,000 67,00,000 29,60,000

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(iii) Computation of Budgeted Variable Cost of Production of 1 Bag of ‘X’
Particulars ( `)
Raw – Material
Y 2.5 Kg @120 300.00
Z 7.5 Kg. @20 150.00
Empty Bag 80.00
Direct Labour(`50× 9 minutes / 60 minutes) 7.50
Variable Manufacturing Overheads 45.00
Variable Cost of Production per bag 582.50
(iv) Budgeted Net Income for the first Quarter
Particulars Per Bag Total
( `) ( `)
Sales Value (50,000 Bags) 900.00 4,50,00,000
Less: Variable Cost:
Production Cost 582.50 2,91,25,000
Admn. & Selling Expenses (5% of Sales Price) 45.00 22,50,000
Budgeted Contribution 272.50 1,36,25,000
Less: Fixed Expenses:
Manufacturing 30,00,000
Admn. & Selling 20,50,000
Budgeted Net Income 85,75,000
(b) Statement of Cost of K Ltd. for the year ended 31 st March, 2023:
Sl. No. Particulars Amount (`) Amount (`)
(i) Material Consumed:
- Raw materials purchased 10,00,00,000
- Freight inward 11,20,600
Add: Opening stock of raw materials 18,00,000
Less: Closing stock of raw materials (9,60,000) 10,19,60,600
(ii) Direct employee (labour) cost:
- Wages paid to factory workers 29,20,000
(iii) Direct expenses:
- Royalty paid for production 1,72,600
- Amount paid for power & fuel 4,62,000
- Job charges paid to job workers 8,12,000 14,46,600
Prime Cost 10,63,27,200
(iv) Works/ Factory overheads:
- Stores and spares consumed 1,12,000

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- Repairs & Maintenance paid for plant & 48,000


machinery
- Insurance premium paid for plant & 31,200
machinery
- Insurance premium paid for factory 18,100
building
- Expenses paid for pollution control and
engineering & maintenance 26,600 2,35,900
Gross factory cost 10,65,63,100
Add: Opening value of W-I-P 9,20,000
Less: Closing value of W-I-P (8,70,000)
Factory Cost 10,66,13,100
(v) Quality control cost:
- Expenses paid for quality control check 19,600
activities
(vi) Research & development cost paid improvement in 18,200
production process
(vii) Less: Realisable value on sale of scrap and waste (86,000)
(viii) Add: Primary packing cost 96,000
Cost of Production 10,66,60,900
Add: Opening stock of finished goods 11,00,000
Less: Closing stock of finished goods (18,20,000)
Cost of Goods Sold 10,59,40,900
(ix) Administrative overheads:
- Depreciation on office building 56,000
- Salary paid to General Manager 12,56,000
- Fee paid to independent directors 2,20,000 15,32,000
(x) Selling overheads:
- Repairs & Maintenance paid for sales 18,000
office building
- Salary paid to Manager- Sales & 10,12,000
Marketing
- Performance bonus paid to sales staffs 1,80,000 12,10,000
(xi) Distribution overheads:
- Packing cost paid for re-distribution of
finished goods 1,12,000
Cost of Sales 10,87,94,900
3. (a) (1) (i) Calculation of cost driver rate:
Cost pool Budgeted Cost driver Cost driver rate
overheads (`) (`)
Material procurement 18,42,000 1,200 1,535.00
Material handling 8,50,000 1,240 685.48

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Maintenance 24,56,000 17,550 139.94


Set-up 9,12,000 1,450 628.97
Quality control 4,42,000 1,820 242.86
(ii) Calculation of cost for the batch:
Particulars Amount (`) Amount (`)
Material cost 24,62,000.00
Wages 4,68,500.00
Overheads:
- Material procurement (`1,535×56 orders) 85,960.00
- Material handling (`685.48×84 movements) 57,580.32
- Maintenance (`139.94×1,420 hours) 1,98,714.80
- Set-up (`628.97×60 set-ups) 37,738.20
- Quality control (`242.86×18 inspections) 4,371.48 3,84,364.80
Total Cost 33,14,864.80
No. of units 7,600
Cost per units 436.17
(2) Break- even point (in units) is 50% of sales i.e. 24,000 units.
Hence, Break- even point (in sales value) is 24,000 units × ` 400 = ` 96,00,000
Fixed Cost
(i) Break even sales =
P / V ratio
Fixed Cost
Or, ` 96,00,000 =
25%
Or, Fixed Cost = ` 96,00,000 × 25%
= ` 24,00,000
So Fixed Cost for the year is ` 24,00,000
(ii) Contribution for the year = (48,000 units × ` 400) × 25%
= ` 48,00,000
Profit for the year = Contribution – Fixed Cost
= `48,00,000 - ` 24,00,000
= ` 24,00,000
(iii) Target net profit is `22,00,000
Hence, Target contribution = Target Profit + Fixed Cost
= ` 22,00,000 + ` 24,00,000
= ` 46,00,000
Contribution per unit = 25% of ` 400 = ` 100 per unit
`46,00,000
No. of units = = 46,000 units
`100 per unit
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So, 46,000 units to be sold to earn a target net profit of ` 22,00,000 for a year.
(iv) Let desired total Sales (Number of units × Selling price) be x then desired profit is 25% on
Cost or 20% on Sales i.e. 0.2 x
Fixed Cost + Desired Profit
Desired Sales =
P / V ratio
` 24,00,000 + 0.2 x
x =
25%
or, 0.25 x = ` 24,00,000 + 0.2 x
or, 0.05 x = ` 24,00,000
or, x = ` 4,80,00,000
` 4,80,00,000
No. of units to be sold = = 1,20,000 units
` 400
(b) (i) (a) Statement of Joint Cost allocation of inventories of X, Y and Z
(By using Net Realisable Value Method)
Products
Total
X Y Z
(`) (`) ( `) (`)
Final sales value of total 10,98,000 13,20,750 11,41,500 35,60,250
production (Working Note 1) (366 × `3,000) (587 × `2,250) (761 × `1,500)
Less: Additional cost -- -- (6,20,000) (6,20,000)
Net realisable value 10,98,000 13,20,750 5,21,500 29,40,250
(at split-off point)
Joint cost allocated 4,66,797 5,61,496 2,21,707 12,50,000
(Working Note 2)

Cost of goods sold as on March 31, 2023


(By using Net Realisable Value Method)
Products
Total
X Y Z
(`) (`) (`) (`)
Allocated joint cost 4,66,797 5,61,496 2,21,707 12,50,000
Additional costs -- -- 6,20,000 6,20,000
Cost of goods available 4,66,797 5,61,496 8,41,707 18,70,000
for sale (CGAS)
Less: Cost of ending 2,29,571 57,385 27,692 3,14,648
inventory (CGAS×49.18%) (CGAS × 10.22%) (CGAS × 3.29%)
(Working Note 1)
Cost of goods sold 2,37,226 5,04,111 8,14,015 15,55,352

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Working Notes
1. Total production of three products for the year 2022-2023
Products Quantity sold in tones Quantity of Total Ending inventory
ending inventory production percentage (%)
in tons
(1) (2) (3) (4) = [(2) + (3)} (5) = (3)/ (4)
X 186 180 366 49.18
Y 527 60 587 10.22
Z 736 25 761 3.29
2. Joint cost apportioned to each product:
Total Joint cost
 Net Realisable Value of each product
TotalNet Realisable Value

` 12,50,000
Totalcos t of Product X =  ` 10,98,000 = ` 4,66,797
` 29,40,250
` 12,50,000
Totalcos t of Product Y =  ` 13,20,750 = ` 5,61,496
` 29,40,250
` 12,50,000
Totalcos t of Product Z =  ` 5,21,500 = ` 2,21,707
` 29,40,250
4. (a) (i) Table of Primary Distribution of Overheads
Particulars Basis of Total Production Service
Apportionme Amount Department Departments
nt
Fabrication Assembly Stores Maintenance
Allocation
Overheads 27,28,000 15,52,000 7,44,000 2,36,000 1,96,000
Allocated
Direct Costs Actual 86,36,000 71,88,000 14,48,000 --- ---
Other Overheads:
Factory rent Floor Area 15,28,000 9,16,800 3,82,000 95,500 1,33,700
(48:20:5:7)
Factory building Floor Area 1,72,000 1,03,200 43,000 10,750 15,050
insurance (48:20:5:7)
Plant & Machinery Value of Plant 1,96,000 1,22,038 55,472 5,547 12,943
insurance & Machinery
(66:30:3:7)
Plant & Machinery Value of Plant 2,65,000 1,65,000 75,000 7,500 17,500
Depreciation & Machinery
(66:30:3:7)
Canteen Subsidy No. of 4,48,000 2,15,040 1,43,360 68,096 21,504
employees
(60:40:19:6)
1,39,73,000 1,02,62,078 28,90,832 4,23,393 3,96,697
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Re-distribution of Service Departments’ Expenses:
Particulars Basis of Production Service
Apportionment Department Departments
Fabrication Assembly Stores Maintenan
ce
Overheads as per As per Primary 1,02,62,078 28,90,832 4,23,393 3,96,697
Primary distribution distribution
Maintenance Department Maintenance 2,01,955 1,65,891 28,851 (3,96,697)
Cost Hours (28:23:4:-)
1,04,64,033 30,56,723 4,52,244 ---
Stores Department No. of Stores 3,25,616 1,26,628 (4,52,244)
Requisition
(18:7:-:-)
1,07,89,649 31,83,351 --- ---

(ii) Overhead Recovery Rate


Department Apportioned Basis of Overhead Overhead Recovery
Overhead (`) Recovery Rate Rate (`)
(I) (II) [(I) ÷ (II)]
Fabrication 1,07,89,649 30,00,000 Machine Hours 3.60 per Machine Hour
Assembly 31,83,351 26,00,000 Labour Hours 1.22 per Labour Hour
(b) (i) Material Usage Variance = Std. Price (Std. Quantity – Actual Quantity)
= ` 90 (18,000 kg. – 17,800 kg.)
= ` 18,000 (Favourable)
(ii) Material Price Variance = Actual Quantity (Std. Price – Actual Price)
= 17,800 kg. (` 90 – ` 92) = ` 35,600 (Adverse)
(iii) Material Cost Variance = Std. Material Cost – Actual Material Cost
= (SQ × SP) – (AQ × AP)
= (18,000 kg. × ` 90) – (17,800 kg. × ` 92)
= ` 16,20,000 – ` 16,37,600
= `17,600 (Adverse)
(iv) Labour Efficiency Variance = Std. Rate (Std. Hours – Actual Hours)
= ` 100 (1,800 units × 8 – 14,000 hrs.)
= ` 100 (14,400 hrs. – 14,000 hrs.)
= ` 40,000 (Favourable)
(v) Labour Rate Variance = Actual Hours (Std. Rate – Actual Rate)
= 14,000 hrs. (` 100 – `104)
= ` 56,000 (Adverse)
(vi) Labour Cost Variance = Std. Labour Cost – Actual Labour Cost
= (SH × SR) – (AH × AR)
= (14,400 hrs. × ` 100) – (14,000 hrs. × ` 104)

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= ` 14,40,000 – ` 14,56,000
= `16,000 (Adverse)
(vii) Variable Cost Variance = Std. Variable Cost – Actual Variable Cost
= (14,400 hrs. × ` 15) – `2,17,500
= ` 1,500 (Adverse)
(viii) Fixed Overhead Cost Variance = Absorbed Fixed Overhead – Actual Fixed Overhead
= (1,800 units × `400) - ` 7,68,000
= ` 7,20,000 – ` 7,68,000 = ` 48,000 (Adverse)
5. (a) Workings:
1. Normal working hours in a month = (Daily working hours – lunch break) × no. of days
= (8 hours – 0.5 hours) × 26 days = 195 hours
2. Hours worked by Mr.Z = No. of normal days worked + Overtime + holiday/ Sunday worked
= (21 days × 7.5 hours) + (9.5 hours + 8.5 hours) + (5 hours + 6 hours)
= 157.5 hours + 18 hours + 11 hours = 186.50 hours.
(i) Calculation of earnings per day
Particulars Amount (`)
Basic salary (`1,000 × 26 days) 26,000
Dearness allowance (20% of basic salary) 5,200
31,200
House rent allowance (16% of basic salary) 4,160
Employer’s contribution to Provident fund (12% × `31,200) 3,744
Employer’s contribution to Pension fund (7% × `31,200) 2,184
41,288
No. of working days in a month (days) 26
Rate per day 1,588
Transport allowance per day 50
Earnings per day 1,638
(ii) Calculation of effective wage rate per hour of Mr. Z:
Particulars Amount (`)
Basic salary (`1,000 × 26 days) 26,000
Additional basic salary for Sunday & holiday (`1,000 × 2 days) 2,000
Dearness allowance (20% of basic salary) 5,600
33,600
House rent allowance (16% of basic salary) 4,480
Transport allowance (`50 × 23 days) 1,150
Overtime allowance (`160 × 2 × 2 hours)* 640
Employer’s contribution to Provident fund (12% × `33,600) 4,032
Employer’s contribution to Pension fund (7% × `33,600) 2,352
Total monthly wages 46,254
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Hours worked by Mr.Z (hours) 186.5


Effective wage rate per hour 248
*(Daily Basic+DA) ÷ 7.5 hours
= (1,000+200) ÷ 7.5 = ``160 per hour
(iii) Calculation of wages to be charged to Job no. HT200
= `248 × 100 hours = `24,800
(b) Working Notes:
1. Calculation of Depreciation per month:
Particulars CNG Car EV Car
A Car purchase price (`) 9,20,000 15,20,000
B Less: Govt. subsidy (`) -- (1,50,000)
C Less: Residual value (`) (95,000) (1,70,000)
D Depreciable value of car (`) [A-B-C] 8,25,000 12,00,000
E Life of the car 15 years 10 years
F Annual depreciation (`) [D÷E] 55,000 1,20,000
G Depreciation per month (`) [F÷12] 4,583.33 10,000

2. Fuel/ Electricity consumption cost per month:


Particulars CNG Car EV Car
A Average distance covered in a month (KM) 1,500 1,500
B Mileage (KM) 20 240
C Qty. of CNG/ Full charge required [A÷B] 75 kg. 6.25
D Electricity Consumption [C×30kwh] - 187.5
E Cost of CNG per kg (`) 90 -
F Power cost per Kwh (`) - 7.60
G CNG Cost per month (`) [C×E] 6,750 -
H Power cost per month (`) [D×F] - 1,425
3. Amortised cost of Tyre replacement:
Particulars CNG Car EV Car
A Life of vehicle 15 years 10 years
B Replacement interval 5 years 5 years
C No. of time replacement required 2 times 1 time
D Cost of tyres for each replacement (`) 16,000 16,000
E Total replacement cost (`) [C×D] 32,000 16,000
F Amortised cost per year (`) [E÷A] 2,133.33 1,600
E Cost per month (`) [F÷12] 177.78 133.33

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4. Amortised cost of Battery replacement:
Particulars CNG Car EV Car
A Life of vehicle 15 years 10 years
B Replacement interval 8 years 8 years
C No. of time replacement required 1 time 1 time
D Cost of battery for each replacement (`) 12,000 5,40,000
E Total replacement cost (`) [C×D] 12,000 5,40,000
F Amortised cost per year (`) [E÷A] 800 54,000
E Cost per month (`) [F÷12] 66.67 4,500
Calculation of Operating cost per month:
Particulars CNG Car (`) EV Car (`)
A Running cost:
Fuel cost/ Power consumption cost [Refer WN-2] 6,750 1,425
B Maintenance cost:
Annual Maintenance cost [Annual cost ÷12] 666.67 433.33
Annual Insurance cost [Annual cost ÷12] 633.33 1,216.67
Amortised cost of Tyre replacement [Refer WN-3] 177.78 133.33
Amortised cost of Battery replacement [Refer WN-4] 66.67 4,500
1,544.45 6,283.33
C Fixed cost:
Depreciation [Refer WN-1] 4,583.33 10,000
Driver’s salary 20,000 20,000
Garage rent 4,500 4,500
Share of Office & Administration cost 1,500 1,500
30,583.33 36,000
D Operating cost per month [A+B+C] 38,877.78 43,708.33
6. (a) Controllable costs and Uncontrollable costs: Cost that can be controlled, typically by a cost,
profit or investment centre manager is called controllable cost. Controllable costs incurred in a
particular responsibility centre can be influenced by the action of the executive heading that
responsibility centre.
Costs which cannot be influenced by the action of a specified member of an undertaking are known
as uncontrollable costs.
(b) Cost plus contract: Under cost plus contract, the contract price is ascertained by adding a
percentage of profit to the total cost of the work. Such types of contracts are entered into when it
is not possible to estimate the contract cost with reasonable accuracy due to unstable condition of
material, labour services etc.
Following are the advantages of cost plus contract:
(i) The contractor is assured of a fixed percentage of profit. There is no risk of incurring any loss
on the contract.
(ii) It is useful specially when the work to be done is not definitely fixed at the time of making the
estimate.
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(iii) Contractee can ensure himself about the ‘cost of contract’ as he is empowered to examine
the books and documents of the contractor to ascertain the veracity of the cost of contract.
(c) In integrated accounting system cost and financial accounts are kept in the same set of books.
Such a system will have to afford full information required for Costing as well as for Financial
Accounts. In other words, information and data should be recorded in such a way so as to enable
the firm to ascertain the cost (together with the necessary analysis) of each product, job, process,
operation or any other identifiable activity. It also ensures the ascertainment of marginal cost,
variances, abnormal losses and gains. In fact all information that management requires from a
system of Costing for doing its work properly is made available. The integrated accounts give full
information in such a manner so that the profit and loss account and the balance sheet can be
prepared according to the requirements of law and the management maintains full control over the
liabilities and assets of its business.
Since, only one set of books are kept for both cost accounting and financial accounting purpose so
there is no necessity of reconciliation of cost and financial accounts.
(d) The impact of IT in cost accounting may include the followings:
(i) After the introduction of ERPs, different functional activities get integrated and as a
consequence a single entry into the accounting system provides custom made reports for
every purpose and saves an organisation from preparing different sets of documents.
Reconciliation process of results of both cost and financial accounting systems become
simpler and less sophisticated.
(ii) A move towards paperless environment can be seen where documents like Bill of Material,
Material Requisition Note, Goods Received Note, labour utilisation report etc. are no longer
required to be prepared in multiple copies, the related department can get e -copy from the
system.
(iii) Information Technology with the help of internet (including intranet and extranet) helps in
resource procurement and mobilisation. For example, production department can get
materials from the stores without issuing material requisition note physically. Similarly,
purchase orders can be initiated to the suppliers with the help of extranet. This enables an
entity to shift towards Just-in-Time (JIT) approach of inventory management and production.
(iv) Cost information for a cost centre or cost object is ascertained with accuracy in timely manner.
Each cost centre and cost object is codified and all related costs are assigned to the cost
object or cost centre. This process automates the cost accumulation and ascertainment
process. The cost information can be customised as per the requirement. For example, when
an entity manufacture or provide services, it can know information job -wise, batch-wise,
process-wise, cost centre wise etc.
(v) Uniformity in preparation of report, budgets and standards can be achieved with the help of
IT. ERP software plays an important role in bringing uniformity irrespective of location,
currency, language and regulations.
(vi) Cost and revenue variance reports are generated in real time basis which enables the
management to take control measures immediately.
(vii) IT enables an entity to monitor and analyse each process of manufacturing or service activity
closely to eliminate non value added activities.
The above are examples of few areas where Cost Accounting is done with the help of IT .

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