Semester 2nd

PH100 6 Introduction to logic 03 None

ENG102 7 English II/ Communication Skills 03 ENG101
Mathematics I/ Fundamentals of
MTH100 8 Mathematics 03 None
STAT200 9 Fundamentals of Statistics 03 None
PSY100 10 Psychology 03 None
ACC120 Fundamentals of Accounting 03 None
Subject Name : Introduction to logic
Semester : 1st/2nd Semester
Course Code : PH100
Credit Hours : 03

Course Description
Logic is fundamental to the way humans communicate. Our public debates and private reasoning
are shaped by logical principles, even though most of us would struggle to spell them out.
Introduction to Logic will teach you the basics of formal logic, which provides symbolic
methods for representing and assessing the logical form of arguments. You will develop an
understanding of symbolic language and logic, as well as familiarity with precise models of
deductive reasoning. However, no previous experience with symbolic methods or mathematics is
assumed. There are no prerequisites, but many students find that Argument and Critical Thinking
is a useful preliminary.

Course Objectives
The objective of this course is to sharpen the intellect of the students, develop their reasoning
ability, strengthen their understanding, and promote clear thinking.

Learning Outcomes
Students in this course will develop the ability to
 Analyze arguments critically. This entails both the recognition of good arguments and
the identification of fallacies (logical errors)
 Use classical propositional logic as the simplest tool for analysis of arguments
 Identify alternatives to classical propositional logic from the philosophical literature
and from applications to reasoning tasks
 Apply analytical tools to reasoning in a variety of real life contexts.

Course Contents
1. Introduction
2. Language
3. Definitions
4. Fallacies
5. Deductive Logic
6. Inductive Logic
7. Symbolic Logic
8. Use of Logic in Ordinary Language

Weekly Plan
S# Topics Week
1 Introduction 01
 Definition of Logic
 Logic as a science and an art
 Scope of logic
2  The laws of logic 02
3 Language 03
 Three basic uses of language
 Discourse serving multiple functions
 Emotively neutral language
4  The form of discourse 04
 Kinds of agreement and disagreement
5 Definitions 05
 The purpose of definition
 The types of definition
6  Various kinds of meaning 06
 Techniques for defining
7 Fallacies 07
 Informal fallacies
 Fallacies of ambiguity
8  The avoidance of fallacies. 08
 Rules and fallacies
9 Deductive Logic 09
 Categorical propositions and classes
 Quality, quantity and distribution
 The traditional square of opposition
10  Immediate inferences, conversion, obversion, contraposition, inversion 10
11  Standard form categorical syllogisms 11
 Venn diagram techniques for testing syllogisms

12 12
13 Inductive Logic 13
 Analogy
 Causation
14 SymbolicLogic 14
 Symbolism and diagram for categorical proposition
15 Use of Logic in Ordinary Language 15
 Reducing the number of terms in categorical syllogism
 Translating categorical proposition into standard forms
 Uniform translation
Books Recommended (Latest Editions)
 Irving M. Copi. Introduction to logic 13th Edition
References:
 KaramatHussain. A textbook of Deductive Logic
 J. Woods, A. Irvine and D. Walton, Argument: Critical Thinking, Logic and the
Fallacies, 2nd edition, Pearson Canada
 Critical Thinking : Introduction, by Alec Fisher, Cambridge
 Introduction to Logic by Harry J Gensler, Routledge
Subject Name : English II (Communication Skills)
Semester : 1st/2nd Semester
Course Code : ENG102
Credit Hours : 03

Course Description
The course comprises seven parts that focus on developing effective communication strategies,
making oral presentations, understanding intonation patterns and their role in determining the
meaning of a message or text, and how to present information in speech and writing.

Course Objectives
 The course enables the students to understand the concept, principles, forms & techniques
of communication in business. It also aims at enabling them to write precisely & speak correctly
after searching thoroughly and also to listen carefully

Learning Outcomes:
 Students will realize the relative significance of content, language and formatting in
deliverables Students will have a grasp of jargon and concepts that are commonly used in
communicating in the professional world Students will feel more comfortable marketing both
themselves and their ideas in the professional world

Course Contents

1. Background for effective business communication comprising two Chapters.

2. Business Communication in Context that comprised of three Chapters.
3. Message Design, Again comprised of three Chapters.
4. Written Communication; Major Plans for Letters and Memos, comprising only two
chapters.
5. Written Communication Reports comprising three chapters.
6. Strategies for oral communication comprised of four chapters.
7. The Job Application Process comprising two chapters only.

Weekly Plan
S# Topics Week
1 Orientation Session in the Subject, Discussion and brief on whole course and the flow of 01
course contents; Definition, explaining effective communication,
2 Continued with the introduction and flow of course contents 02
3 Importance of Communication as Life blood of every organization Communication 03
Internal and External, Flow Within Organization, Downward, Horizontal, Diagonal and
Upward Through Organizational Structure and Level’s and Functions of Management.
4 Continued with the previous week broad topic. 04
5 Verbal and Non-Verbal communication, Importance of Non-verbal elements in making 05
verbal communication effective. Importance of receiver in the communication,
6 Communication Process, Elements hurdling the effective communication, Barriers in 06
Communication.
7 Introduction to the three contexts of studying communication; global, ethical and 07
 technological contexts.
8 Global Context, concept of globalization, and how the concept of globalization is applied 08
on business organizations, National and individual cultural variables.
9 Introduction to ethical and technological context but not included in the mid-term 09
examination.
10 Ethical and Technological context in Business communication. 10
11 Process of preparing effective business messages, five planning steps, Appearance and 11
design of business messages. Neutral and good news messages. (PRESENTATIONS).
12 Bad news and persuasive written messages. (PRESENTATIONS) 12
13 Short reports, (informational and analytical memorandum reports), Letter reports. 13
14 Long formal reports 14
15 Strategies for Oral Communication; Inter-personal communication and business and 15
group meetings.
The Job application Process

Books Recommended (Latest Editions)

 Murphy and Hildebrandt, Effective Business Communication.
References
 Coutland L. Bovee, Jhon V. Thill, Business Communication Today.
Subject Name : Mathematics I / Fundamentals of Mathematics
Semester : 1st/2nd Semesters
Course Code : MTH100
Credit Hours : 03

Course Description

Intended for students who plan to continue in the calculus sequence, this course involves the
study of basic functions: polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric.
Topics include a review of the real number system, equations and inequalities, graphing
techniques, and applications of functions. A problem-solving lab is an integral part of the course.
Permission of instructor is required. This course does not count toward the major or minor in
mathematics.

Course Objectives

The main objective of this course is to familiar the students with knowledge of elementary
mathematics that is essential to economics providing a base for better public administration and
to prepare them for taking further courses of quantitative nature.
The primary objective of the course is to prepare students for subsequent work in the business
education and for their future careers in business. For this reason, all aspects or the program
follow business practices and use common tools of the business world.
To help the students in applying mathematical tool to obtain quantitative information that is
relevant to business decisions.
To provide students with basic math skills useful in solving real-life business problems.

Learning Outcomes

Solve basic math problems using whole numbers, fractions, decimals, percent’s, and equations.
Solve business math problems using equations.
Maintain checking accounts and prepare bank reconciliations.
Prepare invoices and calculate trade and cash discounts.
Calculate markups and markdowns.
Compute payroll.
Compute simple and compound interest.
Solve mortgage problems.
Complete depreciation problems.
Evaluate investments in stocks, bonds, and mutual funds.
Course Contents

1. Basic Mathematics Problems

2. Trade and Cash Discounts.
3. Markups and Markdowns.
4. Simple and Compound interest.
5. Mortgages Pledge, Hypothecation
6. Index Numbers
7. Measures Of Central Tendency
8. Average
9. Measures Of Dispersion

Weekly Plan
S# Topics Week
1 Basic Mathematics Problems 01
Identify the place value of whole numbers.
Read and write whole numbers in numerical and word form.
Round whole numbers to a specified place value.
2 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers manually and using a 02
calculator.
Solve business math word problems using whole numbers.
Identify a proper fraction, an improper fraction, and a mixed nu
3 Trade and Cash Discounts. 03
Calculate the net price by using the net price factor.
Calculate the trade discount rate when the list price and net price are known.
Calculate the net price of a series of trade discounts by using the net price
factor, complement
4 Calculate the amount of a trade discount by using a single equivalent 04
discount.
Calculate cash discounts and net amount due.
Calculate the net amount due with credit given for a partial payment.
Determine the discount date and net date
5 Markups and Markdowns. 05

6 Simple and Compound interest 06

7 Mortgages Pledge, Hypothecation 07
8 Regression 08
9 Correlation Analysis 09
Define correlation
Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation
Spearman’s Rank correlation
10 Index Numbers 10
11 Laspeyre’s Index Numbers 11
Paasche’sIndex Numbers
Fisher’sIndex Numbers
12 Measures Of Central Tendency 12
13 Average 13
Mean
 Median
Mode
14 Measures Of Dispersion 14
Rang
15 Mean deviation from mean 15
Mean deviation from median
Mean deviation from mode
Standard Deviation
Skewness and kurtosis

Books Recommended (Latest Editions)

 Frank’s Budnick : applied mathematics for business economics.
 IqbalBhatti: Fundamental of Statistics. Latest Edition.
 Prof sher Muhammad chaudhry : introduction to statistical theory part I
 Basic business mathematics : schaum’s outlines
References
 Mansfield, E., Statistics for Business & Economics: Methods and Applications.
 Danier, W.W., Terrell, J.C., Business Statistics: Basic Concepts and Methodology.
 Mansfield, E., Statistics for Business & Economics: Methods and Applications.
 Danier, W.W., Terrell, J.C., Business Statistics: Basic Concepts and Methodology.
Subject Name : Fundamentals of Statistics
Semester : 1st/2nd Semester
Course Code : STAT200
Credit Hours : 03

Course Description
This course covers frequency distributions, descriptive measures, probability concepts, probability
distribution, sampling, estimation, hypotheses testing for means and proportions, simple regression and
correlation.

Course Objectives
 The main objectives of the course are to enhance students’ competency in application of
statistics to solve business management problems and to improve their level of quantitative
sophistication for further advanced business analysis.

Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this course, the student will:
 Understand the meanings of statistical terms used in business.
 Present and/or interpret data in tables and charts.
 Understand and apply descriptive statistical measures to business situations.
 Understand and apply probability distributions to model different types of business
processes.

Course Contents
 Introduction to descriptive statistics & inferential statistics
 Applications of Statistics in business
 Data, data array and frequency distribution
 Relative frequency distribution
 Cumulative frequency distribution
 Graphical representation
 Measures of central tendency for grouped
 And ungrouped data
 Measures of dispersion for grouped and
 Ungrouped data
 Index numbers
 Sets
 Permutation and combination
 Basics of probability

Weekly Plan
S# Topics Week
1 Introduction to descriptive statistics & inferential statistics 01
2 Applications of Statistics in business 02
3 Data, data array and frequency distribution 03
4 Relative frequency distribution 04
5 Cumulative frequency distribution 05
6 Graphical representation 06
7 Measures of central tendency for grouped 07
8 Ungrouped data 08
9 Measures of dispersion for grouped 09
10 Ungrouped data 10
11 Index numbers 11
12 Sets 12
13 Permutation and combination 13
14 Basics of probability 14
15 Basics of probability 15

Text/Reference Books
 DrShahid Kamal and Sher M. Ch. Introduction to Statistics Part-I
 David, S Moore et.al, Introduction to the Practice of Statistics, 6th Edition WH.
Freeman.
 Levin I. Richard., Statistics for Management, 4th ed; McGraw Hill.
 Engle wood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall International, 1987.
 Michael J. Evans & Jeffrey S. Rosenthal, Probability and Statistics , WH
 Freeman
 Starr K. Martian &Sobal Gross Marion, Statistics for Business and Economics, 1st Ed;
New York, McGraw Hill, International, 1983.
 Walpole, R, Introduction to Statistics, Edition 3
 Shaum and Seigel, Statistics for Business (Latest Edition).
Subject Name : Psychology
Semester : 1st/2nd Semester
Course Code : PSY100
Credit Hours : 03

Course Description
Introduction to psychology is the science of the human mind and behavior. The course will
examine the different models upon which modern psychology has been built, along with such
things as the history and origins of psychology, research methods, biological aspects of
psychology, human development, perception, consciousness, learning, personality theory, and
psychological disorders.

Course Objectives
 To help the students understand how a psychological perspective provides insight into
human behaviors
 To explain the important concepts, theoretical perspectives, research methods, and
research findings in psychology
 To realize the important contributions that psychology can make in understanding one’s
own and other’s thought and behavior.

Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
 identify the steps of the scientific method and explain how this method applies to
psychological research methodology and statistical analyses;
 demonstrate an understanding of the general history of the field;
 explain the nature versus nurture argument and the current status of thinking regarding
gene-environment interaction;
 identify the basic components and mechanisms of the major biological systems often
studied in psychology; and
 Demonstrate an understanding of the basic findings within a variety of areas of
psychology, including sensation and perception, memory and learning, development,
social psychology, and psychopathology.

Course Contents
1. Introduction to Psychology
2. Research methods in Psychology
3. Biological basis of Behavior
4. Sensation
5. Perception
6. Learning and behavior
7. Memory

Weekly Plan
S# Topics Week
1 Introduction to Psychology 01
  Definition, applied fields, and goals of Psychology
2  The rise of psychology as a science 02
 Major trends in the development of Psychology
3 Research methods in Psychology 03
 Naturalistic observation
 Experimental method
4  Survey and interview 04
 Case study and focus group
 Meta-analysis
5 Biological basis of Behavior 05
 Neural structure and synaptic transmission
6  Structure and functions of nervous system 06
7  Endocrine system 07
8 Sensation 08
 Sensory processing
9  Vision audition 09
10 Perception 10
 Attention processes
 Organizational processes in perception
11  Identification and recognition processes 11
12 Learning and behavior 12
 Classical conditioning;
 Operant conditioning
13  Cognitive learning; 13
 Observational learning
14 Memory 14
 Sensory memory;
 Short-term memory;
15  Learning and encoding in long-term memory; Remembering 15

Books Recommended (Latest Editions)

 Lahey, Benjamin: Psychology. McGraw-Hill
 Feldman, Robert S.: Understanding Psychology McGraw Hill
 Gerow Josh, R.: Psychology and Introduction. Longman
Subject Name : Fundamentals of Accounting
Semester : 1st/2nd Semester
Course Code : ACC120
Credit Hours : 03

Course Description
This course introduces students to identifying, recording, and reporting business events and
transactions for decision-making. Students will develop an understanding of principles and
concepts in the conceptual framework which sets students up for success in later accounting
courses. Students will learn the fundamentals of the double entry accounting system and
preparing financial statements alongside the practical aspects of using a computerised accounting
system. Specific topics include accounting for inventories, accounts receivable, non-current
assets, liabilities and equity.

Course Objectives
 This course is designed to introduce the basic principles and practices of accounting
system
 It aims at equipping the students to understand the knowledge, mechanism and design
of accounting system used in organizations.

Learning outcomes
This course will introduce students to the key concept of accounting. After taking this course,
students will be able to:
 Explain the basic principles and practices of accounting systems.
 Describe the contents and purpose of the Financial Statements;
 Compare the basic characteristics of accrual basis and cash basis accounting;
 Explain full accounting cycle and prepare all required journals, entries and
adjustments;
 Maintain Fixed Assets after charging depreciation;
 Discuss current practice of accounting procedures which includes coverage of the
latest principles set forth by the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB).

Course Contents

Introduction
Accounting Process
Accounting Cycle
Journal
Ledger
Trial Balance
Financial statements
S# Topics Week
1  Purpose and Nature of Accounting; 01
 Various areas of accounting
2  Accounting information users; 02
 GAAP; Conversion;
3 Accounting Process: 03
 Basic Elements of Accounting
 Business transactions
4  Accounting equation 04
 Double entry accounting system
 Debit and Credit Rules
5 Accounting Cycle 05
6 Journal 06
 Objectives of Journal
 Types of Journal
7  Recording the transactions in Journal 07
8 Ledger 08
 Types of Ledger
 Posting in Ledger
9  Running Balance form 09
 Periodical Balance form
10 Trial Balance 10
 Objectives
 Posting in Trial Balance
11 Financial statements 11
 Income Statement
12  Balance Sheet 12
13  Cash flow Statement 13
14  Statement of Owners Equity 14
15  Statement of Owners Equity 15

Books Recommended (Latest Editions)/References

 Robert F.Meigs and Walter B.Meigs: Accounting: The Basis for Business Decisions,
McGraw Hill, Inc
 Eric G. Flamholtz, Diana TroikFlamholtz, Michael A.Diamond: Principle of
Accounting, Macmillan Publishing Co. New York
 Frankwood: Business Accounting-I, Business Accounting-II