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Research Progress on Rheological Behavior of AA7075 Aluminum

Alloy During Hot Deformation

Article in International Journal of Materials Forming and Machining Processes · January 2017
DOI: 10.4018/IJMFMP.2017010104

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 International Journal of Materials Forming and Machining Processes
Volume 4 • Issue 1 • January-June 2017

Research Progress on Rheological

Behavior of AA7075 Aluminum
Alloy During Hot Deformation
Muhammed O.H Amuda, Materials Development and Processing Research Group (MADEPREG), Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Taiwo F. Lawal, Materials Development and Processing Research Group (MADEPREG), Department of Metallurgical and
Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Esther T Akinlabi, Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment,
University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

ABSTRACT

The current characterization of the rheological behavior during high temperature deformation in
AA7075 is presented. The prevailing understanding in the literature is limited to the consideration
of process parameters in isolation of microstructural features and the dynamics at the deformation
zone in relation to geometry of the die tool and frictional conditions. Multiplicity of phenomena
such as dynamic recovery (DRV), discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX), continuous
dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), and geometric dynamic recrystallization (GDRX); are reported
to dictates the dynamics in play during high temperature deformation of the alloy. Therefore, a need
to appropriately characterize the flow behavior in AA7075 alloy during high temperature thermo
mechanical processing that would involve an integrative study of concerned process parameters,
metallurgical features and conditions at the deformation zone is imperative in order to achieve
wholesome understanding of the flow behavior in AA7075 aluminum alloy during high temperature
deformation.

Keywords
Constitutive Equations, Dynamic Softening, Dynamic Strengthening, Hot Extrusion, Inverse Analysis, Micro
Textural Analysis, Microstructural Features, Process Parameter, Tooling Geometry

INTRODUCTION

AA7075 is a structural grade aluminum alloy containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu in the range of 5.6-6.1wt%
Zn, 2.1-2.9wt% Mg, 1.2-2.0wt% Cu and it exists in many temper conditions. Wang et al. (2012)
reported that it possess specific strength greater than the 5xxx and 6xxx series and comparable to
many steels. The alloy superior stress corrosion cracking resistance relative to the 2xxx series makes it
suitable for most critical applications; and as such finds extensive use in the aerospace and ordinance
industries. But, in spite of these attractive attributes of the AA7075 alloy, it is considered that its
response to plastic deformation over a wide range of temperature and strain rates is poor, particularly
at deformation temperature beyond 0.4Tm. Therefore, its application is limited to simple shapes. Thus,
the high temperature deformation of the alloy is associated with several challenges such as dynamic
softening which reduces the ductility of the alloy.

DOI: 10.4018/IJMFMP.2017010104

Copyright © 2017, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.

53
International Journal of Materials Forming and Machining Processes
Volume 4 • Issue 1 • January-June 2017

Ashtiani et al. (2012) in their work expressed hot temperature deformation to be plastic deformation
processing conducted at temperature above 0.4Tm which is accompanied by both recrystallization
and the development of new stress free grains such that the dislocation density is at equilibrium. In
another instance, Humphrey and Hatherly (2004) referred to hot temperature deformation as high
temperature thermo mechanical processing, and may be accompanied by grain refinement. Doherty et
al. (1997) had previously considered hot working as thermomechanical processing in the temperature
range 0.6Tm, and this was dictated by dislocation substructures of low density including sub grain
migration which was further characterized by subgrain diameter, interior dislocation spacing and
wall spacing related to angle of misorientation.
The challenges of thermo mechanical processing such as increased productivity, reducing
scrap rate, production of almost perfect microstructures, and improving the quality of manufactured
parts during processes like rolling, forging and specifically extrusion require enhanced scientific
understanding of the flow characteristics in the candidate materials in relation to stress, strain,
temperature, microstructural evolution and geometry of deformation during such processes.
Tilak (2005) employed Liquid aluminum refining system to improve the extrudability of
aluminum alloy and reported that the flow behavior during thermo mechanical processes such as
high temperature extrusion is influenced by multiplicity of variables involving both technical and
metallurgical process parameters. This expression is supported by Humphreys and Hatherly (1996)
in their literature on recrystallization and related annealing phenomena.
Altan (1983) identified the technical parameters to include deformation temperature, strain, strain
rate, shear rate, friction, ram speed, tool geometry; while metallurgical parameters include chemical
composition, degree of prior strain, initial grain size, metallurgical structure and phases. Yang et al.
(2014) associated deformation direction as another significant technical parameter influencing the
flow behavior of AA7075 during hot deformation. It must be stated that initial grain size, metallurgical
structure and phases are further influenced by type of grain refiner, degree of dispersion, solute content,
size and distribution, inter-particle spacing, and coherency of second phase particles. Sun et al. (2014)
for instance, reported the presence of η phase (MgZn2), ή phase (MgZn), T phase (Al2Mg2Zn3) and S
phase (Al2CuMg) in AA7075 alloy. This is reinforced by Abolhasani et al. (2012) of the evidence of
presence and distribution of Mg(Zn2, AlCu) M (or η) hexagonal phase, S (Al2CuMg) orthorhombic
phase, Al32(MgZn)49 T phase and Fe rich phases such as Al7Cu2Fe and Al3Fe second phase particles
in the grain interior and along the grain boundaries of a AA7075 alloy.
Zhou (2009) extruded AA7075 alloy using double packet dies under different combinations
of technical and metallurgical conditions. The work established that the complex changes in
microstructures and properties of the alloy are dictated by the interaction of technical and metallurgical
parameters; but that the level of interaction is moderated by a balance between the alloy constitution and
its incipient melting temperature. The significance of this interaction mechanism on flow behavior was
equally reported for a similar high strength aluminum alloy by Arabshahi (2009) in their investigation
of dynamic and static softening behaviour in AA2024 alloy under high temperature deformation.
Yang et al. (2014) identified flow stress as the most significant parameter for characterizing the
flow behavior during deformation of metallic materials. Vazquez and Altan (2000), described it as
the instantaneous yield stress or true stress of a metal which determines the load and energy required
for plastic deformation.
Sun et al. (2014) employed extruded AA7075 bar to investigate significance of thermo-mechanical
processing parameters and second phase particles on the softening mechanism and microstructural
evolution during high temperature deformation. They postulated that the flow behavior of AA7075
during high temperature is characterized by an increase in flow stress at the onset of deformation
signifying dynamic strengthening. This is followed by a regime of flow stress saturation signifying
a balance between dynamic strengthening and flow softening; and finally, a trend of decrease in
flow stress to the end of straining signifying dynamic flow softening. Yang et al. (2014) studied the
importance of the technical parameters of strain, strain rate, deformation temperature and deformation

54
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