ENG 524
Critical discourse analysis
Current
Final paper
Political discourse operates
Ans.
Political discourse operates indexically:
One’s choice of language, or its features,
can implicitly signal political distinctions.
E.g.
● choosing to speak one language
rather than another,
● choosing a regional accent, or accent
associated with a social class,
● choosing words associated with
particular political ideologies,
● choosing forms of address (e.g.
pronouns) that express distance or
solidarity.
Political discourse operates as an
interaction:
● While indexicality is clearly an
interactive mode, there are many
other forms of interaction facilitated
by the structure of language.
Differentiate between labour party and
conservative party?
● In this, the Labour Party differs from
the Conservative Party, whose name
is an adjective also used as a noun
(the Conservatives) and as such does
not systematically occur in the
singular.
● The noun Conservatism refers solely to
political principles, not to the party. At
first glance there seems to be more
versatility in the Conservatives’
denomination because of the
alternative Tory/Tories. However,
● the latter occurs significantly more
often in new Labour discourse for an
NL-CP comparison which suggests
that it is typically used by opponents
of the Conservatives but not by the
party itself.
Identify three stand of analysis that
often to come together in the same
research work?
We can identify at
least three levels of analysis that often
come together in the same research
project.
● Highlighting (highlights the structural
conventions of media texts and
language)
● performing identity and constructing
social belonging.
● sociological implications of media
discourses.
Define Perpetrator mitigation?
Definition;
Perpetrator mitigation Even when the
perpetrators’ culpability is acknowledged,
it gets mitigated in a number of ways,
which is consistent with Clark’s (1992) and
Ehrlich’s (2001)
findings.
For example;
● the horrific crimes of rape and murder,
in this case, get reframed as a
“tragedy”, an “error” or an “accident”
(“I can’t say why this incident – this
accident – happened”). Process of
relexicalisation.
Write the Five principles of FCDA ?
1. First is the ideological character of
‘gender’.
2. Second power is a central focus in
critical investigations of gender
identities and relations.
3. Thirdly, FCDA shares with CDA and
feminist approaches a constitutive
view of discourse.
4. Fourthly, FCDA is interested in
critical reflexivity as a practice.
5. Fifthly, FCDA scholarship is
considered analytical.
Jessops five approaches
1.Examination of how its ideology
emerged.
2.Second approach explores
neoliberalism as a political project.
3. neoliberalism through the lens of
an economic framework in its
specifically economic policies
purportedly designed to increase
competition and spread market forces
both locally and globally.
4. Fourth approach interprets
neoliberalism as “the form taken by a
capitalist offensive against organised
labour after the crisis of the post-war
mode of growth”.
5. Fifth approach situates
neoliberalism and its specific
hegemonic rise in its material
practices and policies starting in the
1970s that is characterized by the
“advance of globalisation based on
free trade, transnational production,
and the free movement of financial
capital”.
Deontic modality
Deontic modality is
linked to normativity, understood as a
way of (de)emphasizing the speaker’s
authority
The analysis of deontic modality
becomes, thus, particularly important for
study of PD, as it is through it that
intersubjective consensus may be
achieved.
Five approaches of neoliberalism
Neoliberalism is a term that deals
specifically with economic ideas about
free markets.
Neoliberalism is five approaches is
● market trade,
● deregulation of financial markets,
● privatization,
● individualization, and
● the shift away from state welfare
provision.
Define marx?
Marx has had a paramount influence by
providing aframework for understanding
social dynamics in capitalist societies.
However, it has only been rather recently
that his view on language has been
elaborated explicitly and in detail.
In an article entitled ‘Marx as Critical
Discourse Analyst’, Fairclough and
Graham (2002) argue that:
1. Language has become ever more
central in late capitalism.
2. Also argue that Marx was well aware of
the link between language and other
dimensions of the social – that is, the
dialectics between the discursive and the
material dimension of social life.
Kind of stance accounting to
Georgalous
● Epistemic
● Attitudinal (Affective)
● Stylistic
Textbook production practice CDA of
reality TV
Reality TV is ‘the most exorbitantly
“noticed” form of programming in
television
history’ (Turner, 2010).
It has faced massive criticism from
media commentators who associate
reality TV with humiliation and bullying
and who see it as morally degrading.
Reality TV has been discussed as
low-culture, a form of cheap, trivial and
empty entertainment.
Although reality TV is difficult to define, a
key characteristic is its link to
ordinariness.
This approach focuses on how reality TV
can reproduce ideologies detailed
analyses of how all
the involved semiotic resources (talk,
music, audio effects, graphics, camera
work, editing, etc.)
are combined to portray participants and
their actions is necessary.
Overt and covert racism
Overt and covert forms of racism in
political discourses in national
parliaments of six EU member states,
especially, in debates on asylum and
migration.
A critical discourse analysis of the
editorial of the Drawn and the new
york
● This paper attempts to critically
analyze the editorials of two renowned
newspapers, namely the Dawn of
Pakistan and The New York Times of
America for the portrayal of the Army
Public School, Peshawar attack.
● It was also seen whether a particular
text deals with the issue in an overt
and explicit manner or express things
in a more implicit and covert way.
● The aim of this work is to analyze the
construction, reproduction and
perpetuation of ideology through
language used by the two
newspapers. This objective was
accomplished drawing on the use of
lexical choices and syntactic
structures employed in the editorials.
Time of the aftermath of army publics
school attack the us versus them”
ideology.
The editorials
selected for analysis were published the
next day after the Army Public School
attack.
Selection of Newspapers The daily Dawn
of Pakistan was selected because it was
believed to be more neutral and unbiased
in the expression of even controversial
matters.
On the other hand,
The New York Times is a prominent
newspaper in American settings.
Qualitative research design was adopted
for this paper to explore.
Textual and Rhetoric analysis of news
headlines of Urdu and English
newspaper.
The analysis of Daily Times report shows
that the newspaper
presented a biased version of the story in
order to further the cause its powerful
aide - then
government of Pakistan. The report
seemed to conceal important details and
deliberately
downplay the roles and contributions of
important actors of the news event, for
example,
lawyers, opposition parties and the
common people of Pakistan. On the
contrary, the other news
report appeared to provide its readers a
balanced view of the news item analyzed
in this study as
it highlighted all major actors and events
of the happening. The news coverage of
international
newspaper ‘The Guardian’ and ‘New York
Times’ also confirmed the presentation of
the News
report and, therefore, it may expose
partiality in Daily Times report. As biased
reporting may
have serious socio-psychological effects
on readers, there is a need to analyze
media discourse
critically, especially, in the developing
countries where people can be easily
misled.
Define race?
Race refers to a person's physical
characteristics, such as bone structure
and
skin, hair, or eye color.
