IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Wachemo University
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering

TITLE: IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Submitted by:
1. WOGAYEHU DEMISSE | ID-1045/11
2. YIMER WORKNEH | ID-1049/11

Submitted To: Mr. YIBELTAL PETROS (Lecturer of Wachemo University)

Course Name: Research Methods and Presentation
Course Code: ECEg4341

Submission Date: Sep 9/2023

 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
This proposal aims to apply the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to control smart home
appliance and monitor the power usage remotely via the android mobile application as the
system interface on the smart phone. IOT-Based smart home energy management system is
designed to provide homeowners with efficient control over their energy usage and costs. The
system will utilize a mobile app and an online server to allow remote control of the smart home
devices and appliances, enabling homeowners to manage their energy consumption from
anywhere.

The system will be equipped with various sensors and devices that will monitor the energy usage
of each appliance and provide real-time data to the homeowner. This data will enable the
homeowner to make informed decisions about their energy consumption and adjust their usage
patterns to reduce costs. The system will also be able to automatically adjust the energy
consumption of appliances based on the homeowner's preferences and usage history. For
example, the system can turn off lights, fans, TV and other appliances in unoccupied rooms or
reduce the temperature of the thermostat when no one is home.

Ultimately, this IoT-Based smart (HEMS) home energy management system will provide
homeowners with a comprehensive solution for managing their energy usage and costs, while
also promoting sustainability and reducing their energy consumption.

Keywords

1. IoT- Internet of Things

2. EMS- Energy Management System
3. HEMS- Home Energy Management System

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Contents

1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Internet of Things (IoT) Basic Concept.................................................................................1
1.2 IoT Characteristics................................................................................................................3
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM..................................................................................................4
3. OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................................ 5
3.1 General Objective:................................................................................................................5
3.2 Specific Objectives:...............................................................................................................5
3.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT........................................................................................... 7
1. Energy Efficiency.................................................................................................................7
4. LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................................................7
4.1. Energy Efficiency and IoT in Smart Homes..........................................................................7
4.2. Components of IoT-Based HEMS:........................................................................................7
4.3. Cost Savings:........................................................................................................................7
4.4. Technology Advancement:..................................................................................................8
5. METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT..............................................................................................8
5.1. Project Planning and Requirements Gathering:..................................................................8
5.1.1 Project Inception Study Restate problem and objectives of the project.......................8
5.2. System Design..................................................................................................................... 8
5.2.1 Architectural Design..................................................................................................... 8
56.2.2 Mobile Application Design...........................................................................................9
5.3. IoT Infrastructure Development:.........................................................................................9
5 3.1 Sensor Deployment....................................................................................................... 9
5.4. Cloud-Based Platform Development:..................................................................................9
5.4.1 Data Storage and Processing:........................................................................................9
5.5. Mobile Application Development:......................................................................................9
5.6. Testing and Validation:........................................................................................................9
5.6.1 Simulation Testing:........................................................................................................ 9
5.7 Goal & Uniqueness..............................................................................................................9
5.7.1 Goal............................................................................................................................... 9

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

5.7.2 Uniqueness.................................................................................................................. 11
5.7.3 Usability.......................................................................................................................11
6.7.5 Efficiency......................................................................................................................12
6. Schedule of project..................................................................................................................12
7. Budget of Project..................................................................................................................... 13
8. REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................13

Figure Contents

Figure 1. IoT Basic Concept..........................................................................................................................2

Figure 2 IoT Operating Technique...............................................................................................................3

Table Contents

Table 1 schudle of project..............................................................................................................13

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
IoT……………………………. Internet of Things
HEMS ………………………… Home Energy Management System

IP …………………………… Internet protocol

EV…………………………… Electric Vehicle

LED……………………………light emitted diode

ET…………………………… Ethiopia

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1. Introduction
Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of interconnected devices, mechanical and digital
machines, vehicles, home appliances and other objects embedded with sensors, software, switch
and connectivity which enable these things to connect to network and collect and exchange data.
The system creates the scope of connecting the non-internet enabled physical devices and
machines to be connected over the internet and remotely monitored and controlled. A thing in the
Internet of Things can also be a person with a heart monitoring implant or an automobile with
obstacle sensor or home appliances connected to an application platform. These things are
assigned to an IP address and are able to transfer data over internet. This is the concept of
connecting any devices or machines we can think of today with the internet. Previously, home-
mechanized gadgets were somewhat essential and basic, with choices running from light clocks
to programmable indoor regulators. Presently, these frameworks are consolidating information
from home exercises, neighborhood climate frameworks and then some; to acclimate to optimal
way of life and help for better deal with home. Even better, they can interface with one another
to shape a firm unit to enable to work entire house.
This research intends to propose architecture for home automation using near field and mobile
communication along with a mobile application. The basic architecture or framework consists of
connecting devices, which will use protocol (Internet or Wi-Fi) to connect Edge gateway; and
cloud stores the data information using backed storage system. Along with smart control of the
appliances, we will be focusing on energy consumption management system through which
consumers can reduce excess energy consumption by remotely controlling the devices. This can
save excessive use of any appliance energy, time and simultaneously abate extra wealth
expenditure.

1.1 Internet of Things (IoT) Basic Concept

The intercommunication between device to device or machine learning connected through the

Internet with embedded technology systems using wireless sensors, actuators which is remotely

Controlled, monitor and optimized by the user for automation is referred as Internet of things

(IoT). Here the term “Things” means physical devices such as chips, cameras, sensors and other

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
such devices. These physical devices are responsible to communicate, collect information and
exchange data by connecting a network. The embedded technology of these physical devices

makes this exchange of information each other possible. There are an assortment of home

Robotization includes that can help making life at home increasingly advantageous and simpler
to oversee, particularly for occupied, huge families. Suppose you could consequently manage
and

control the gadgets that you ordinarily turn on and off each day. With a home computerization

framework, you can manage appliances when you are out of the house and wondering if you

remembered to turn off light or not, smart system will be there to answer the question. The

developing nearness of the Internet of Things in individual's lives has made development and

advancement in the savvy home space, enabling clients to associate their gadgets through the

web to their phones and tablets, and make better than ever benefits for family units. In addition,

as house owner are adjusting their gadgets to one focal application, gadget or center, they further

understand the worth these home robotization items can bring to a family. It is the connectivity

apart from the conventional devices using internet such as desktop, laptops, Smartphone, tablets
etc…

Cloud

IoT

Thing
User
s

Figure 1. IoT Basic Concept

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1.2 IoT Characteristics

IoT is one of the most popular terms in this modern era of the world. Internet of things (IoT)

explains the network of different devices like home appliances or office works that contains

software, electronics, sensor and connectivity to allow them to exchange data with connections.
[1]

Several sensors and actuators are used to connect those devices and give a feedback to them

according self-operations. IoT has convinced the world with its worldwide features and human

beings are fully dependable on it. In the near future, this IoT will make an unimaginable impact

on the daily life of human beings which will make the life of human easier, smarter and safe. At

present, it has already grabbed the promising and large digital fields of modernization which is

rapidly increasing.

Internet
Sensors

User

Environment Embedded
Hardware

Figure 2 IoT Operating Technique

Internet of Things (IoT) is going to be successful and very popular in near future. As the

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
telecommunication sector is becoming more efficient and extensive, wireless and broadband

internet connection is now widely available. With the advent of more sophisticated fabrication

technology it is now much cheaper to produce devices and sensors with built-in Wi-Fi

capabilities making connecting devices less costly.

2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The rapid urbanization and increasing energy consumption in residential areas have led to
significant challenges in managing and optimizing energy usage efficiently. As the world
grapples with the consequences of climate change and the depletion of natural resources, there is
an urgent need to address the issues of energy wastage, cost escalation, and environmental
sustainability in the context of home energy management. In response to these challenges, we
propose the development of an IoT-Based Home Energy Management System (HEMS)
integrated with a user-friendly mobile application.

Key Problem Areas:

2.1. Inefficient Energy Consumption: Many households continue to consume energy inefficiently
with appliances often left on when not in use or operating during peak demand hours. This leads
to higher energy bills, increased carbon footprint, and unnecessary strain on the energy grid.

2.2 Lack of Real-time Monitoring: Most homeowners lack access to real-time data about their
energy usage, making it difficult to identify areas where energy can be saved. The absence of
immediate feedback hinders consumers' ability to make informed decisions about energy
consumption.

2.3. Limited Automation: Automation of energy control in homes is still relatively underutilized.
The majority of homes lack intelligent systems that can automatically adjust devices and

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
appliances to minimize energy consumption during off-peak hours or when electricity prices are
high.

2.4.Complexity in Device Integration: The current ecosystem of IoT devices for home energy
management is fragmented and often requires technical expertise to set up and manage. This
complexity discourages many homeowners from adopting energy-saving technologies.

2.5. Lack of User Engagement: Existing energy management solutions often fail to engage users
actively in the energy-saving process. Without user involvement, the potential for energy savings
remains untapped.

2.6. High Energy Costs: Rising energy cost put financial pressure on households. The absence of
a cost-effective and user-friendly energy management system exacerbates this problem.

3. OBJECTIVES.
3.1 General Objective:

The general objective of this research project is to design, develop, and implement an IoT-based
Home Energy Management System (HEMS) with a user-friendly mobile application, aimed at
optimizing energy consumption, reducing costs, and promoting sustainability in modern smart
homes.
3.2 Specific Objectives:

1. Development of an Integrated IoT-Based HEMS Infrastructure:

Design and implement a robust and interoperable IoT infrastructure capable of connecting and
communicating with various smart devices and appliances within a smart home.

2. Real-Time Energy Monitoring and Data Collection: Develop and deploy energy-monitoring
sensors integrated with the HEMS infrastructure to gather real-time data on energy consumption.

3. Central Hub for Data Aggregation and Analysis: Create an IoT gateway that serves as the
central hub for aggregating, analyzing, and securely transmitting data between sensors, smart
devices, and the cloud-based platform.

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
4. Machine Learning Algorithms for Energy Consumption Analysis: Implement machine
learning algorithms within the HEMS to analyze energy consumption patterns, detect anomalies,
and provide actionable insights to homeowners.

5. User-Friendly Mobile Application Design: Design an intuitive and cross-platform compatible

mobile application interface that allows homeowners to access real-time energy consumption
data, control smart devices, and manage energy-related settings with ease.

6. Interactive Features for Empowered Homeowners: Develop interactive features within the
mobile application, including energy usage visualization, appliance control, scheduling
capabilities, and personalized energy-saving recommendations.

7. Seamless Integration of Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging: Integrate EV charging management

features into the mobile application, enabling homeowners to optimize EV charging schedules,
monitor charging status, and calculate associated costs.(for smart city only)

8. Grid-Aware EV Charging Optimization: Implement grid-aware features that optimize EV

charging times to reduce grid strain during peak periods while leveraging off-peak pricing.

9. Evaluation and Optimization of the HEMS: Conduct rigorous testing and validation of the
HEMS infrastructure and mobile application in a real-world smart home environment, gathering
feedback to refine and optimize the system.

10. Continuous Improvement and Updates: Ensure the HEMS evolves with advancements in IoT
technology and user requirements, providing iterative updates and enhancements to maintain
functionality, reliability, and security.

By achieving these specific objectives and addressing the mentioned above, this research project
aims to develop a holistic IoT-based Home Energy Management System that not only optimizes
energy consumption but also contributes to sustainability, user empowerment, and knowledge
dissemination in the smart home ecosystem.

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

3.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1. Energy Efficiency: The project addresses the significant issue of energy inefficiency in
modern smart homes. By providing homeowners with tools to monitor, control, and optimize
energy consumption, it contributes to reduced energy waste and increased energy efficiency.

4. LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature review presented here explores the key researches and developments in the field
of IoT-based Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS). This review aims to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the existing knowledge, emerging trends and gaps in the
literature related to HEMS. The review will cover various aspects, including technology, energy
efficiency, environmental impact, and user empowerment.

4.1. Energy Efficiency and IoT in Smart Homes: IoT Technologies in Smart Homes: This
section discusses the role of IoT technologies in modern smart homes and their implications for
energy management.

Energy Efficiency in Smart Homes: It explores the challenges and opportunities in achieving
energy efficiency through IoT-Enabled devices and systems.

4.2. Components of IoT-Based HEMS: Sensors and Smart Meters: This section reviews the
types and functionalities of sensors and smart meters used for energy monitoring in HEMS.

IoT Gateway: It covers the importance of a central hub or gateway in HEMS for data
aggregation and communication.

4.3. Cost Savings: In an era of rising energy costs, the project's focus on cost reduction is
highly significant. By enabling homeowners to make informed decisions about energy
consumption, it can lead to substantial and sustained cost savings.

4.4. Technology Advancement: The development of an IoT-based HEMS is at the forefront of

technological innovation. It demonstrates how IoT and machine learning can be applied to

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
enhance daily life, setting a precedent for future technological advancements in the home
automation sector.

.In summary, the significance of this proposal project extend beyond the realm of smart homes. It
encompasses energy efficiency, cost savings, environmental sustainability, technological
advancement, user empowerment, data-driven insights, user-centric design, policy implications,
education, and collaboration. These factors collectively contribute to a more sustainable,
efficient, and user-friendly approach to managing energy in modern homes.

5. METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT

The methodology outlined in this proposal provides a structured approach for the successful
implementation of an IoT-based Home Energy Management System (HEMS) along with a user-
friendly mobile application. The methodology encompasses the design, development, testing,
and deployment phases of the project, ensuring that the HEMS meets its objectives of optimizing
energy consumption, reducing costs, and promoting sustainability in smart homes.
5.1. Project Planning and Requirements Gathering:

5.1.1 Project Inception Study Restate problem and objectives of the project The next section
describes the procedures used for this study which includes a detailed account of microcontroller
or ESP32 technique

5.2. System Design:

5.2.1 Architectural Design: Develop the architectural design of the HEMS, defining the
components, data flow, and system architecture, including IoT devices, sensors, the gateway,
cloud infrastructure, and the mobile application.

56.2.2 Mobile Application Design: Create a user-Centric design for the mobile application,
including wire frames, user interfaces, and user experience prototypes, incorporating feedback
from usability testing.

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

5.3. IoT Infrastructure Development:

5 3.1 Sensor Deployment: Deploy energy monitoring sensors and smart meters within selected
smart homes, ensuring accurate data collection.

5.3.2 Gateway Implementation: Develop the central IoT gateway to facilitate data
communication between sensors, smart devices, and the cloud-based platform.
5.4. Cloud-Based Platform Development:

5.4.1 Data Storage and Processing: Set up a secure and scalable cloud infrastructure for storing
and processing real-time energy consumption data.

5.4.2 Machine Learning Integration: Implement machine learning algorithms to analyze energy
consumption patterns and provide insights.
5.5. Mobile Application Development:

5.5.1 Cross-Platform Development: Develop a cross-platform mobile application with

compatibility for iOS and Android devices.
5.6. Testing and Validation:

5.6.1 Simulation Testing: Conduct simulation testing in a controlled environment to ensure the
reliability and functionality of the HEMS and mobile application
5.7 Goal & Uniqueness
5.7.1 Goal

The basic most vital goal of home automation is to ensure amenity of user time and making life

simpler even if guided us to frugal of electricity. The importance here is on objectives; for each

smart thing automation project, they are distinct. However, epiphany during the construction that

home mechanization without sensationalizing it can stabilize our daily lives. There was a lengthy

method of gradual reasoning, where in hypothesis it was checked whether all that does

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
something in house cloud or should be automated. Architecture is coming up the first step before

jumping into intervention. During the real execution of any scheme a lot of rework needed such

as a home mechanization system. We inaugurated the system by keeping some questions in mind

which are:-

- Which type of appliance should I want to govern

- Is this governance should have specific access use only or not

- Is the cost being a solicitude?

- Is the vigilance important?

- Can it be possible for installing for myself?

Established Goals

First, we assembled a system consisting of controlling-unit, web server and internet connection.

Then, we will create a webpage and upload it to the web server. Uploaded web page will be the

user interface for the following's goals.

1. Controlling all loads

2. Monitoring all load’s power consumption

3. Calculating total power consumption (if it’s needed)

4. Providing time varying electricity price and suggestion regarding the price

5. Scheduling some loads when total power consumption excides peak value(change over Solar
power system)

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
5.7.2 Uniqueness

Simplicity and Ingenuousness

Simplicity is a significant consideration, although it is difficult to accomplish. However, it is

enormously complex quite convoluted to be resolute interfaces. Automation is the main focus,

along with generating green energy through PV sell this implies the automation system does

what is desired or needed effectively and efficiently, only initiating human influence messages.
5.7.3 Usability

Anyone can use this system such as a nonprofessional individual can be capable to use it in a

definite broaden and also arrange the system without console screen. In addition, because of

having ingenuousness of the system can only see a indisputable form an functional prospect else

from a structural prospect. The access of web page and operating appliances for any task is

suitable. There is no complex situation programmed to work the system functionally.

6.7.4 Affordability or Economical

If not hundreds of thousands of bucks, a domestic home automation will cost huge. Household

Automation with only a very few appliances controlled, a single-family home management

scheme will readily surpass 85,000 Birr. Nobody wants to spend such much cash on sensors,

actuators or parts of home automation in particular. The home improvement path was completely

viable based on electronics and engineering hence the path short listed.
6.7.5 Efficiency

Though energy consumption is a significant factor in the functioning of a home automation

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
scheme, some preconditions are almost compulsory. As we are constructing a fresh home, by

constructing the residence from the beginning, we have left no question unanswered to discover

efficiency improvements. Most of our lighting is LED-based and energy-efficient after

automation. Timer, incident, intensity as well as transient triggers will continue to use these

lights. After automation we be focusing on generate green energy to save energy consumption

6. Schedule of project
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
ID Task Start Finish Duration Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Name

1 Problem Aug Sep 1 Month

analysis 2/2023 3/2023

2 Metrolo Sep Sep 1 Week

gy 3/2023 11/202
3

3 Design Sep Sep 2 Weeks

and 12/202 28/023
Simulati 3
on

4 Validati Sep Sep 2 Days

on 28/202 30/202
3 3

5 Results Oct Oct 1 Day

1/2023 2/2023

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 IOT BASED SMART HOME ENERNGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

6 Report Oct Oct 11 Days

Writing 3/2023 14/202
3

7 Project Oct
Submissi 14/202
on 3

Table 1. Schedule of project

7. Budget of Project

Hard ware

Arduino Components: 4000 ET birr

Smart relays and switches 2000 ET birr

Software Development;

Mobile app development 1000 ET birr

Cloud Software development 1000 ET birr

Total project budget: 8000 Birr

8. REFERENCES
[ 1 ] A. McEwen and H. Casually, Designing the Internet of Things.
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2022.

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