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Analog Digital

This document contains 56 questions and answers about digital electronics and number systems. Some key points covered include: - Converting between decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal, BCD, gray code, and excess-3 number systems. - Representing positive and negative numbers in binary with sign-magnitude and two's complement methods. - Detecting overflow in addition for signed number systems. - Applications of hexadecimal, gray code, ASCII, and excess-3 codes. - Performing addition, subtraction, and conversions between different number systems.

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Sayan Ghosh
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22 views8 pages

Analog Digital

This document contains 56 questions and answers about digital electronics and number systems. Some key points covered include: - Converting between decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal, BCD, gray code, and excess-3 number systems. - Representing positive and negative numbers in binary with sign-magnitude and two's complement methods. - Detecting overflow in addition for signed number systems. - Applications of hexadecimal, gray code, ASCII, and excess-3 codes. - Performing addition, subtraction, and conversions between different number systems.

Uploaded by

Sayan Ghosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Digital Electronics

http://ptuece.loremate.com/die/node/8 March 7, 2012

Q 34 Represent the decimal number 8620 in BCD and as a binary number. Ans.

(8620)10 = (?)BCD = (?)2

 (1000 01.10 0010 0000)BCD

Q 35. List the advantages of octal


over hexadecimal number system.

Ans. When dealing with large


quantity of binary numbers of many
bits, it is easy and more efficient for
us to write the numbers in octal form.
This system is used to express large
numbers as used in
computers e.g. 16 bits or 32 bits used to express data, memory address, instruction code, processor status etc.
Moreover, octal multiplication and division are more easy than the hexadecimal number system. As they are
complex because they make use of alphabets ‘A’ to ‘F’ after 0 to 9. -

Q 36. Convert decimal 225.225 to binary, octal and hexadecimal bases. Ans.

225.225

Q 37. Find two’s complement of the numbers (i) 01001110 ;


(ii) 01100100.

Ans (i) 01001110

(ii) 01100100.

Q 38. What is the need to study octal and


hexadecimal system, when the Digital

machine understands only binary code

Ans. The binary code consists of only two binary digits 0


and 1 known as bits. All the combinations of codes are with
the help of 0’s and 1’. It is very hard to remember the code in
the form of 0’s and 1’s when it becomes lengthly. Secondly,
chances of error are much more long sequences of binary
code. Moreover, three bit and four bit combinations are
possible octal and hexadecimal systems.

Q 39. Where do we use ASCI, Excess-3 and Gray codes?

Ans. ASCI : American Standard Code for


Information Interchange is a 7 bit code. In
language, only two symbols 0 and 1 are used. It
is not enough to communicate using these two
symbols between two computers.
Users require 26 alphabets capital and small.
Numbers 0 to 9, punctuation marks and many
other symbols. This all is available in ASCI
code.

Gray Code : Gray code is mainly used in shaft


position encoders. A shaft encoder basically
produces a code word which represents the
angular position of the shaft.

Excess-3 code : It is non-weighted code. It is derived from


8421 BCD code. It is a sequential and self complimenting
code.

Q. 40. Convert decimal 27. 125 to octal.

Ans.

Q 41. Determine the decimal representation of a negative integer


whose 8-bit two’s complement code is 10010110.

Ans. Taking original no. = 10010110

Q 42. Give the binary code for the hexadecimal number AEO. Ans.

So (1010 1110 0000)2

Q 43. Convert decimal 100. 625 to binary, octal and hexadecimal codes.

Ans. In binary:

(1100100.101)2
In Octal:

(144.5)8

In Hexadecimal:

(64.A)16

Q. 44. How negative numbers are accounted for


in digital system?

Ans. In digital system sometimes signed


numbers are used. To denote positive numbers (+) plus sign is
used and 0 is used as MSB bit in binary numbers. In case of
negative numbers (-) minus sign is used to denote it. In binary
system, bit us used as MSB bit in negative numbers.

e.g. (+7)2 = (0111)2

(-7)2 = (1111)2
Q 45. Give the binary code for the hexadecimal number F01.

Ans. (F01)16 = (?)2

Q 46. Determine the decimal representation of a negative integer whose 8bit


two’s complement code 10010110.

Ans. 8-bit 2’s complement code is:

10010110

Its 2’s complement is:

Q 47. Subtract the following numbers (i)

(1100.10)2 — (111.01)2

(ii) (10001.01)2 — (1111.11)2

Ans. (i) Add 1100.10 and is complement of


111.01

There is no carry, so answer is —ye and in complement form, Again taking complement.
(0010.11)2 Ans.

(ii) Add 10001.01 and 1’s complement of 1111.11

Q 48. Add the following numbers in Excess - 3 Code.

(i) 108 + 789

(ii) 275 + 496

Ans. Add in excess-3 code (i)

108 + 789

(ii) 275 + 496

(i) Firstly converting (108)10 and (789) 10 to excees-3 form

Adding

If no carry i.e. c = 0, subtract 0011


If carry i.e. c = 1, add 0011
(ii) (275) 10 + (496) 10

Firstly, converting into Excess-3 form

Addition of (275) 10 + (496) 10

If no carry i.e. c = 0, subtract 0011 If

carry i.e. c = 1, add 0011 to sum

= (1010 1010 0100) or (771)10

Q 49. Subtract the following numbers (i)

(BC5)16 — (A2B)16 = ?

(ii) (1 75.6)8 — (47.7)8 = ?

Ans. (i) Firstly, convert it into binary form (4 digits)

(ii) Firstly, convert it into binary (3 digits)

Q 50. Add the following numbers in BCD

(i) 89.6 + 273.7

(ii) 205.7 + 193.65

Ans, (i) 89.6 + 273.7

Add (0110)2 to only the invalid BCD numbers.

(ii) 205.7 + 193.65

Add (0110)2 to only the invalid BCD numbers.

Q 51. How will you detect overflow in signed magnitude and 2’s
complement

integer additions?

Ans. Let (10)10 and (11)10 be the two integers.


In signed magnitude

(10) 10 = (1010)2

(11) 10 = (1011)2

Addition :

The end around carry is the overflow in this case. In

2’s complement:

The end around carry is the overflow in this case.

Q 52. What are the applications of hexadecimal system?

Perform the following conversions

(a) (225225)10 into hexadecimal


number.

(b) (10011.1101)2 into hexadecimal


number.

Ans. Applications of hexadecimal,


system :

1. It is particularly useful for human


communications with a computer.

2. It is used in memory systems.

3. It is useful to convert hexadecimal to binary and vice-versa a easily. (a)

(225.225)10 = (?)16

Integer Part:

Fractional part:

Q 53. What is the importance and applications of Gray code?


Convert the binary

number 10100111 to Gray code.

Ans. Importance of gray code is that it has a very special feature as


only one bit will change each time when the decimal number is
incremented by ‘1’. Due to this reason it is also known as unit
distance code.

Applications of Gray Code

1. These are used in the shaft position encoders.

2. These are used in the optical discs to produce an


appropriate binary code.
Q 54. Represent the decimal numbers (a) 27, (b) 396 and (c) 4096 in
binary form in (i) ASCI code, (ii) Gray code and (iii) Excess 3 code.

Ans. (11011)2

(27)10 = (11011)2

(27)10 = 00100111 in BCD

(i) ASCI Code 

0110010 0110111

(ii) Gray Code 

(11011)2 =

(iii) Excess 3 Code 

(27)10

Binary = (101111000)2

(396)10 = 0011 1001 0110  BCD

(i) ASCI Code 

0110011 0111001 0110110  ASCI code

(ii) Gray Code 

(iii) Excess 3 Code 

(c) (4096) =

(4096)10 = (1000000000000)2

(i) ASCI code  (4096)o

0100 0000 1001 0110  BCD

0110100 0110000 0111001


0110110  ASCI code

(ii) Gray Code 


(iii) Excess 3 Code 

Q 55. If A = 1101 and B = 101 find:

Ans A = 1101, B = 0101

Q 56. Find the difference (6C1-1DA) in the


hexadecimal system. Check your result
converting all number, i.e. the given two
numbers and the result obtained from
subtraction to the decimal system.

Ans. (6C1)16.—(1DA)16

Firstly convert it into binary form (4 bits. each) (6C1)16.—

(1DA)16 = (4E7)16

Conversion to decimal system :

Hence, verified.

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