Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
PRESIDENT RAMON MAGSAYSAY STATE UNIVERSITY
(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales
School Year 2023 - 2024 Grade Level 10
Teacher Al Christian Tomatom Learning Area Science
Teaching Date 02/27-28/2024 Quarter 3

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content The learners demonstrate understanding of the information stored in DNA as
Standards being used to make proteins.
B. Performance
Standards
C. Learning Explain how protein is made using information from DNA
Competencies/
Objectives S10LT-llld-37
Write the LC
code for each The students should be able to:
1. Describe the process of DNA replication
D. Developmental 2.Relate DNA replication to its complementary structure.
3. Appreciate the importance of DNA Replication in an organism
Levels
4. Construct a DNA model.

Topic: DNA Replication

II. CONTENT
Science Learning Skills: Inferring, Observing, Communicating
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide
Pages 195 to 198
pages
2. Learner’s
Pages 264-268
Materials pages
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional
Materials from
Learning
Resource (LR)
portal
B. Other Learning PowerPoint presentation, pictures, Projector, , art materials.
Resources https://l.messenger.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fsharevideo1.com%2Fv
%2FWHlLMGRFV3pVZzA%3D%3Ft%3Dytb%26f
%3Dco&h=AT2To2kmTlFxKx568kveZQit8wi1WvnxOE_hZADBY-
2Z5Wkyu7IocT5ufm2hUnuOcYM-
PQiZEPwHK3nSIefDnFFanyXSCkiwCargSacgpdtvjQSD5Olk0M0wyzUmd0
d5lZtKkg
https://z-p3-video.fmnl33-5.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t42.3356-
2/10000000_7654782004534238_2932633518964712569_n.mp4?
_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-
7&_nc_sid=4f86bc&_nc_eui2=AeGi2QUiN5abzFRB2tXSA8wStQd6OEx2T
U21B3o4THZNTdSs0KiWWbOPwefVPGYHW_xfJjbt16NmZZsZV-
Ywh5Bk&_nc_ohc=-n7gjN3a81MAX8fu5fF&_nc_ht=z-p3-video.fmnl33-
 https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/cell-growth-death/dna-
replication/
5.fna&oh=03_AdQHj2uhcS3QTrHQbKGzGZhktUdnncrslplXDJE-
dWrMVw&oe=65E02887&dl=1
https://www.varsitytutors.com/high_school_biology-flashcards/dna/dna-rna-
and-proteins/dna-replication

IV. PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

Greetings Good morning sir!
“Good Morning! (Name of the
section).

Prayer
Any volunteer to lead the prayer? (someone raise his/her hand to lead
Preliminary Activities
Checking of Attendance prayer)
(3 minutes)
May I call the secretary of the class
to report who is absent today? Student/secretary: “No one is absent
today Sir”.
Okay, I’m glad to hear that.
Setting of Classroom Rules
1. Sit properly and sit on proper
seating arrangement
2. Be quiet
3. Participate
4. Listen attentively
5. If you know the answer, kindly
raise your right hand and standup
when speaking.
It is understood? Yes sir.
A. Reviewing To recall the past lesson about
previous lesson DNA and RNA structure, you are to
or presenting the going to answer this activity. Sir, in number 1, the answer is Single
new lesson stranded.
(Elicit) Direction: Complete the table.
(3minutes) Sir, in number 2, the answer is inside
DNA RNA
the nucleus.
Double Structure 1.______
Stranded
Sir, in number 3, the answer is
2.______ Location Cytoplasm
deoxyribose sugar.
3.______ Sugar Ribose
Adenine, Nitrogenous 4.____,_
Guanine, Bases Sir, in number 4, the answers are
Cytosine, ___,____ Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and
Thymine ,______ Thymine.
5.______ Size smaller
_ Sir, in number 5, the answer is Bigger.
Great Job. Give yourselves 3 claps.

B. Establishing a What happened to the paper when

purpose for the you put it, in the Xerox Machine? Student 1: Sir, we will have another
lesson copy of the original copy.
(Engage) Student 2: The paper will increase in
(5minutes) number?
 When we heard the word
Student 1: Sir, Duplication.
Replication, what comes to your
Student 2: Sir, Copying the original
mind?
copy.
What would happen if we didn’t
Student: The cell cycle will not proceed
have DNA Replication?
to the next stage. This will lead to cell
death.
Why is it necessary to study DNA
Replication?
Student 1: Sir, for us to be aware of that
process

You are going to watch a short

video about DNA replication
C. Presenting
examples/instanc
es of the new
lesson (Engage)
(6 minutes)

Sir, those are, 1. Initiation,2. Elongation

and 3. Termination.
What are the three stages of DNA
Replication?

Why does DNA replicates? Sir, to produce a copy of genetic

materials that can be used during
meiosis and mitosis.

D. Discussing new I need to group you into 2 groups. (The students doing their group task.)
concepts and
practicing new Instruction: Present live action of
skills #1 DNA replication.
(Explore) Do it creatively. Each group will
(23 minutes) have one presenter that will explain
DNA replication.
(The students are finished to present
” their work)

You will have 10 minutes to finish

the group activity.
E. Discussing new
concepts and
practicing new
skills #2
(Explore)
() How do you find this activity? Is it
helpful for you to understand DNA
Replication?

The students presents their work.

F. Developing
mastery (leads to
Formative
Assessment 3)
(Explain)
( 2 minutes)
While performing their task the
teacher will observe for some terms
and give the definition of it. He will
make sure that the information are
correct and well explained by the
presenter’s.
G. Finding practical
applications of
concepts and
skills in daily
living
(Elaborate)
(10minutes)

CENTRAL DOGMA
STRUCTURE

DNA replication, also known

as semi-conservative replication,
is the process by which DNA is
doubled. This is an important
process taking place within the
dividing cell.

DNA Structure
DNA is made up of millions
of nucleotides. These are
molecules composed of a
deoxyribose sugar, with a
phosphate and a base (or
nucleobase) attached to it. These
nucleotides are attached to each
other in strands via phosphodiester
bonds to form a ‘sugar-phosphate
backbone’. The bond formed is
between the third carbon atom on
the deoxyribose sugar of one
nucleotide (known as the 3’) and
the fifth carbon atom of another
sugar on the next nucleotide
(known as the 5’).
N.B: 3′ is pronounced ‘three prime’
and 5′ is pronounced ‘five prime’.
There are two strands of DNA,
which run in
opposite (antiparallel) directions to
each other. These strands are
attached to each other throughout
their lengths via the bases on each
nucleotide.
There are 4 different bases
associated with
DNA: Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine,
and Thymine. In normal DNA
strands, cytosine binds to guanine,
and adenine binds to thymine.
When bound together, the two
strands form a double
helix structure.

Stages of DNA replication

DNA replication can be thought of
in three stages: initiation,
elongation and termination
Initiation
DNA synthesis is initiated at
particular points within the DNA
strand known as ‘origins’, which
have specific coding regions. These
origins are targeted by initiator
proteins, which go on to recruit
more proteins that help aid the
replication process, forming a
replication complex around the
DNA origin. Multiple origin sites
exist within the DNA’s structure;
when replication of DNA begins,
these sites are referred to
as replication forks.
Within the replication complex is
the DNA helicase. This enzyme
unwinds the double helix and
exposes each of the two strands so
that they can be used as a template
for replication. It does this by
hydrolysing the ATP used to form
the bonds between the nucleobases,
thereby breaking the bond holding
the two strands together.
DNA primase is another enzyme
that is important in DNA
replication. It synthesises a
small RNA primer, which acts as a
‘kick-starter’ for DNA
polymerase. This enzyme is
ultimately responsible for the
creation and expansion of new
strands of DNA.
Elongation
Once DNA Polymerase has
attached to the two unzipped
strands of DNA (i.e.
the template strands), it is able to
start synthesising new strands of
DNA to match the templates. DNA
polymerase is only able to extend
the primer by adding free
nucleotides to the 3’ end.
One of the template strands is read
in a 3’ to 5’ direction, therefore the
new strand will be formed in a 5’ to
3’ direction. This newly formed
strand is referred to as the leading
strand. Along the leading strand,
DNA primase only needs to
synthesise an RNA primer once, at
the beginning, to initiate DNA
polymerase. This is because DNA
polymerase is able to extend the
new DNA strand by reading the
template 3′ to 5′, synthesising in a
5′ to 3′ direction as noted above.
However, the other template strand
(the lagging strand) is antiparallel
and is therefore read in a 5’ to
3’ direction. Continuous DNA
synthesis, as in the leading strand,
would need to be in the 3′ to 5′
direction, which is impossible as
DNA polymerase cannot add bases
to the 5′ end. Instead, as the helix
unwinds, RNA primers are added to
the newly exposed bases on
the lagging strand and DNA
synthesis occurs in fragments, but
still in the 5′ to 3′ direction as
before. These fragments are known
as Okazaki fragments.
Termination
The process of expanding the new
DNA strands continues until there
is either no more DNA template
strand left to replicate (i.e. at the
end of the chromosome) or two
replication forks meet and
subsequently terminate. The
meeting of two replication forks is
not regulated and happens
randomly along the course of the
chromosome.
Once DNA synthesis has finished,
the newly synthesised strands are
bound and stabilised. For the
lagging strand, two enzymes are
needed to achieve this
stabilisation: RNAase H removes
 the RNA primer at the beginning of
each Okazaki fragment, and DNA
ligase joins these fragments
together to create one complete
strand.

H. Making
generalizations
and abstractions
about the lesson
(Elaborate)
When we heard the word
( 2 minutes
Replication, what comes to your
mind? Student 1: Sir, Duplication.
Student 2: Sir, Copying the original
What would happen if we didn’t copy.
have DNA Replication?
Student: The cell cycle will not proceed
Why is it necessary to study DNA to the next stage. This will lead to cell
Replic death.

Student 1: Sir, for us to be aware of that

process
Evaluating learning
(Evaluate) s://www.varsitytutors.com/
(1hour) high_school_biology-flashcards/
dna/dna-rna-and-proteins/dna-
replication

Doing the Activity on book

Learners Material Activity #2
Entitled DNA makes DNA pages
269 -270

I. Additional
activities for
application or
remediation Assignment:
(Extend) Watch a video on YouTube about
( 1 minute) DNA Transcription.

V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who earned 80% in the
evaluation
B. No. of learners who require additional activities
for remediation
C. Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners
who have caught up with the lesson
D. No. of learners who continue to require
remediation
E. Which of my teaching strategies worked well?
Why did these work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter which my
principal or supervisor can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized materials did I
use/discover which I wish to share with other
teachers?

Prepared By: Reviewed By:

Evelyn O. Laguatan
AL CHRISTIAN M. TOMATOM
Intern (Cooperating Teacher)

Date:___________________