1 2

UNIT (1) 2. Power Supply (vQyfppfAdkYtm;axmufyhH&ef)

1. INTRODUCTION Computer system tawmfrsm;rsm;[m DC Voltage Nzifhom vkyfvkyfygonf/
t
NyifyrSvmaomAC Volt tm;udkDC Voltage tNzpfaNymif;vJNyD; oufqdkif&m Hardware
Computer qdkonfrSmtcsuftvufrsm; udkowif;odkYr[kwft
aNztNzpfodkY wGufcsufay;
rsm;Nzpfonfh
Mother Board, Hardisc, CD - DVD Drive ponfwdkYudkwdusaomDC Voltage
aompufNzpfygonf/ uGefysKwmonfnTefBum;csufrsm;udkwdwdusus? vQifvQifNrefNref? rSefrSefuef
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[kvnf;ac:qdk Edkifygonf/ rsm;NyefvnfNyD;cGJa0ay;ygonf/
rdrdwyfqifxm;aom
Hardware rsm;tay:rlwnfí (300W,400W,
550W,600W) BudKufESpfouf&mwyfqifEdkifygonf/
Computer wGifHardware [kac:qdkaomxdawGUudkifwG,fí&aom Monitor, Hardisc,
Power supply ponfNzifhyg0ifNyD;
Software [kac:qdkaom OS, Utility Programs & other 3. Motherboard (Main board)
application software _ ( office2007, PhotoshopCS3, Gamingsoftware) ponfwdkY Motherboard qdkwmuawmh uGefysKwmwpfckvHk;&JUtpdwfydkif; vma&mufawmfawmfrsm
yg0ifonf/ wyfqif&wJhtBuD;qHk;
Circuit-board wpfckNzpfygw,f/ tcsdKUtpdwftydkif;awGudk
Motherboard
Types of Computer (uGefysKwmtrsdK;tpm;) ay:rSm wdkuf&dkufwyfqif
(memory,CPU) NyD;tcsdKUudkawmh
Cable BudK;rsm;
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(Hardisc, CD Drive) Bu&ygw,f/ xdkYaBumifh
Motherboard [muGefysKwmtpdwftykdif;rsm;
uGefysKwmtrsdK;tpm;
rsm;
udkpGrf;aqmifEdkifrIyrmP?
tNrefEIef;ESifh
csdwfquftoHk;NyKEdkifaom t"duqufoG,f&m ae&mwpfckNzpfygw,f/
Motherboard xkwfwJh
Companies rsm;uawmh
Terminal ta&twGufay:rlwnfNyD; atmufygt
wdkif;cGJNcm;xm;Edkifygonf/ ASUS, MSI, ACER etc.

 Super Computer (Weather forecast, Scientific) 4. Microprocesser (CPU)

 Mainframe Computer (Datarsm;udkA[dkwGufcsufrIyHkpHNzifh vkyfaqmif
Microprocesser vdkYyJac:ac:
Centralprocessing Unit (CPU) vdkYyJac:ac:ol& JUk
(Banks,Airways,Corporation etc...)
 Mini Computer (Mainframe xuftenf;i,fedrfh) vkyfaqmifcsufuawmhuGefysKwm&JU
System wpfckvHk;udkd xdef;csKyfarmif;ESifygw,f/f uGefysKwm
vdkYvnf;ac:vdkY&ygvdrfhr,f/
CPU awG&JUpGrf;aqmif&nfawGudk NrefEIef;eJYwdkif;ygw,f/GHz Nre
 Micro Computer/Personal Computer _ PC
tvG,fwulo,faqmifEdkifNyD;pm;yGJay:wGif wifaqmiftoHk; NyKEdkifonf/ ; (Giga hertz)
wudk,fa&oHk NzifhazmfNyygw,f/
refEIef;Nrifhavydk
N aumif;avNzpf
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uGefys
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4if;wdkYwGif
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Speed
vnf;uGmygw,f/Core prcesser rsm;rSmawmh
core ESpfck
av;ck ponfNzifhcGJNyD;vkyfaqmifEdkifvmB
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Palmtops rsm;yg0ifonf/
CPU xkwfwJh Companies rsm;uawmhIntel, IBM, AMD, Cyrix, Nexgen, DEC etc
UNIT (2) ponfNzifh&Sdygw,f/

1. System Unit /Casing _ ( Hardware rsm;wyfqif&

mt"duyHk;cGH
) 5. Memeory/ RAM (Random Access Memory)

Casing udkavhvm&ifHardware rsm;wyfqif&ef NyKvkyfxm; w¦K(odkY)

aomo yvyfpwpf RAM awGuawmhuGefysKwmtvkyfvkyfaepOfrSm
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Motherboard ay: rSmwyf
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Data rSodfrf;rxm;Edkifygbl;/ tvkyfvkyf
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(Tower) yHkpHESifh tvsm;vdkuf
(Box) yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;&Sdygw,f/ RAM awG[mrNywftvkyfvkyfae&
ygw,f/ pmvHk;wpfvHk; (odkY) wpfcktvkyf
Application vkyfwdkif;
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avmufwdk;NyD;tvkyfvkyfygw,f/
RAM awGudkodkavSmifEdkifrItvdkuf
(256MB, 512MB, 1GB) ponfNzifhcGJNcm;Edkifygw,f/
udk,f&JU
Motherboard, OS, Application
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Software awGtay:rlwnfNyD; vdktyf

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RAM Type CD Read CD Write DVD Read DVD Write
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Companies awGuawmhKingston,CORSAIR,HITACHI ponf
Nzifh&Sdygw,f/ CD-ROM 
  
CD-RW 
6. VGA (Video Graphic Array)   
uGefysLwmarmfeDwmay:wGify
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aomtpdwftydkif;
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Motherboard ay:wifwyfqifxm;aomOnboard ESifh xyfrHíwyfqif&aom
External   
VGA qdkNyD;&Sdygw,
f/ DVD-ROM 
  
DVD-RW 
Onboard awG[muGefysLwm&JU Memory udktoHk;NyK&wJhtwGufpGrf;
aqmif&nftenf;   
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VGA rSmvnf;(256MB, 512MB, 1024MB) ponfNzifh&Sdygw,f/odkY
aomfvnf; VGA memory rsm;wdkif;uGefysLwmrNrefygbl;/ ol[mvdkYac:wJhyHk&dyfawG 10. Mouse
resolution
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Game upm;rnfholrsm;[m
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rsm;rsm;
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Optical sensor awGudktoHk;NyKygw,f/
7. Sound Card
Sound Card awG[mOnboard ay:rSmwpfcgwnf;yg&Sdwwfyg
w,f/ odkYaomfvnf;oif[m 11. Keyboard
Music Software & Video Editing Software awGoHk;r,fqdk&if
Sound Quality aumif;rGefwJh Keyboard [muGefysLwm&Jt"duuswJh
Input wpfckNzpfygw,f/ uGefysLwmxJodkYtcsuft
Sound Card awGudkxyfrHwyfqifoifhygw,f/ vufrsm;oGif;&ef
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IDE awGtpm; aemufqHk;ay:enf;ynmeJYxkwfxm;wJh
SATA Hard Disc awGudkomtoHk ; Software r&Sd&iftoHk;rNyKEdkifygbl;/ udk,fcE¨maumif;aomfvnf; ynmrwwf&if toHk;rwn
rsm;ygw,f/Hard Disc awGrSmvnf;odk
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System Software & Application Software awGNzpfygw,f/
80GB, 160GB, 250GB) qdkNyD;trsdK;rsdK;&Sdygw,f/ System Software qdkwmuawmh vlrSmqdk&ifarG;&mygtod
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CD, DVD, Blue Ray ponfNzifrsm;pGm&Sdygw,f/
Read (zwf&ef) ESifh
Write
(ul;a&;&ef)
Rewritable_RW (zwf&ef^a&;&ef) qdkNyD;&Sdygw,f/
Reading Speed & Writing ,cktcsdefrSm
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Mac OS, Linux ESifh
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Windows [lí&Sdygw,f/ toHk;rsm;wJh

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Application Software awG [m Windows Computer trsm;pktwGufom tydkif;awGtuke
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Windows Version tcsdKUuawmh
_ Black Screen Nzifh
message awGwufvmygw,f/ NyD;rSomuGefysLwm&JU
OS udkpwifNyD; Run ygw,f/
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password protect vkyfxm;w,fqdk&if oifhudk password
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password ay;NyD;rSmomOS oifh&JU
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 Windows 2000 2000-Feb oif&JUtvkyfpm;yGJvdkUac:EdkifwJh
Desktop ay:udka&mufoGm;ygvdrfr,f/
 Windows Me 2000-Sept
 Windows XP 2001 2. Desktop
 Windows 2003 2003-Apr
 Windows Vista 2006-Nov Computer zGifhNyD;aemuftoifhoHk;Edkif
(ready to use) wJhtcsdefarmfeD
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Windows XP avmufrSm tvkyfNzpfayr,fh
Windows Vista eJUWindows 7 awGrSmawmh'D  Wallpaper
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tvGefBuD;rm;wJh (odkY)rIray;EdkifwJh
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application software awGvnf; oHk;vdkY cs,fEdkifygw,f/ pm;yGJcHkwpfck&JUcHkcif;eJY wlygw,f/
r&Edkifygbl;/  Icon
Icon awGuawmh rdrdvkyf&r,fhtvkyfawG?odrf;qn
f;xm;
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ay:uzdkifwGJrsm;ESifh
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software Ncif;wlayr,fh Mac rSmoHk;rnfh[mudk Windows rSmoGm;oHk;vdkYr&ygbl;/
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wlayr,fhtcsdKUaom Software awGrSmvnf;toHk;NyKvdkYr&
Edkifygbl;/ 'g[moifh&JU
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memory status pwmawGudk azmfNyay;wJhae&m
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toHk;csy&dk*&
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qdkifyJoiftoHk;NyKr,fhpmpDpm&dkufNcif;?
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Video rsm;Nyif
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csif;
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f&if oufqdkif&mplayer awG&SdrS zGifhvYdk&ygr,f
(Windows Media Start button & System tray wdkYyg0ifNyD;
Desktop &JUatmufqHk;rSmwnf&Sdygw,f/
Player,Nero & Power DVD etc....) / pmpDpm &dkufNyKvkyfcsifw,fqdk&ifawmh
Word processing
NzpfwJh
Word wdkY Page-Maker wkdY&Sd&ygr,f/ "gwfyHkNyifr,f tacGul;r,fqdk&ifvnf; oufqdkif&m 3. Must know knowledge to use
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Application awG[mOS uGefysLwmudkxda&mufpGmtoHk;NyKE
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awmhMouse & Keyboard udkudkifwG,ftoHk;NyKNcif;rsm;eJY tac:ta0:rsm;Nzpfygw,f/
 7 8

 Mouse Recently program qdkwmuawmh

Start Menu &JUb,fbuf
rSmwnf&SdNyD;rBumao;rDurdrd
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program rsm;udktvG,fw
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Mouse &JUvIyf&Sm;rIudkarmfeDwmrSmNr
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pointer yHkpHaNymif;vJygw,f/ "dutm;Nzifh
t mouse rSmleft click, right click Pinned Programs qdkwmuawmh recently program &JUt ay:bufrSmwnf&SdNyD; tvG,fw
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programs rsm;udka&G;
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t
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awGNzpfwJhMy Document, My recent Document, My Picture, My Music xdkYaemufuGef
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My Computer, &SmazG&eftwGuf Search,Computer wpfckvHk;
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xdkvkyfaqmifcsuf BudKufovdkxdef;csKyfEdkifwJh
Control Panel ponfNzihfyg0ifygw,f/
[muGefysLwmudk Yes/OK vkyfvdkufwmNzpfygw,f/Oyrm/ open udkclick vdkuf&if zGifhcdkif;vdkufwm
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ydkif;yg&Sdygw,f/
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odkYaomf
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Log off button xJrSm&SdwJh
Switch
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Turn off qdkwmuawmhuGef ysLwmudkydwfw,fh
button Nzpfygw,f/
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folder yGifhoGm;rSmNzpfygw,f/ olYrSmvnf; toifhtaexm;ESifh oHk;EdkifwJh
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vQyfpD;
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if;vQyful;ypönf;rsm;? tvGeftao;
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udk wpfcsufESdyfcsif;Nzpfygw,f/usvmwJhmenu ay:rSmrlwnfNyD; udkvdkcsifwmudk
a&G;cs,f xm;aomt&mNzpfoNzifh pepfrusaomyd wfodrf;Ncif;rsm;? toHk;NyKaepOfa&GUaNymif;Ncif;rsm;
ae
toHk;NyK
&rSmNzpfygw,f/ uGefysLwmudk bmvkyfay;EdkifovJvdkY command ay;cdkif;apvdkufwmNzpfyg pOfrD;ydwfNcif;rsm;udkBudrfzefrsm;pG
mrNyKvkyfoifhyg)
w,f/
1. Desktop Personalizing
Drag & Drop click uawmhleft click udkESdyfNyD;wpfae&modkY qGJ,loGm;Ncif;udk
Drag
vdkYqdkvdkNyD
;vdkcsifonfh ae&mrSmvTwfcsvdkuf
wmudkawmh Drop vdkYac:wmNzpfygw,f/ file & folder Desktop Personalizing u awmharmfeDwmay:rSmNrif&r,fh uGif;yHkpHawGudkpdwfBudKu
Nrif
awGudk
ae&ma&GUNcif;?Copy ul;Ncif;?
Select vkyfNcif;?
Drawing a&;qGJj cif;awGrSmtoHk;rsm;ygw,f/ NyifqifvdkY&Ed
kifwJhae&mNzpfygw,f/ NyKawmhr,fqdk
olUudktoHk;&ifarmfeDwmay:u icon awGeJYvGwf
wJhae&mrSmright click vkyfvdkuf&
ygw,f/ usvmwJh sub menu xJu properties udk a&G;vdkuf
&if?
1. Start Menu Thems, Desktop, Screen Saver, Apperance, Setting qdkNyD; Display Properties’s
dialogues box ay:vmygw,f/Thems uawmhwindows style ESifhyHkrsm;udka&G;cs,f&efNzpfygw,f/
StartMenu uawmhuGefysLwmwpfckvHk;&JU vkyfief;rsm;udk
taNccHtm;Nzifhpwifvkyfaqmif&r,fhae&m
Desktop uawmh aemufcHykHr sm;aNymif;vJ&efESifh
folder style rsm;aNymif;vJ&ef
twGufoHk;ygw,f/
Nzpfygw,f/ program awGudktvG,fwulzGifhEdkifNyD; rBumcifurdrdoHk;cJhaomt&mrsm;? rdrdpufxJwGif
Screen Saver uaawmh oiftvkyfrvkyfwJhtcg? vkyfvufpeJYuGefysLwmudk bJ avmhrcs
&Sdaomt&mrsm;? Setting rsm;udktvG,fwultoHk; NyKNyifqifEdkif&ef
pkpnf;ay;xm;
aomae&mwpfck
owfrSwfxm;wJhtcsdeftxd Bumatmifxm;vdkufwJhtcgrSm vdktvkyfvkyfwJh
olUtvdk program
Nzpfygw,f/Start Menu [m Task bar &JUb,f bufaxmifh qHk;rSmwnf&Sdygw,f/ Start Menu
wGifatmufyg tcsuftvufrsm;t"duyg0ifygw,f/ yJNzpfygw,f/ Screen Saver vkyfNcif
;tm;Nzifh pGrf;tifacRwmEdkifr,f?oifh&JUarmfeD
wmoufwrf;udkvnf;a&&SnftoHk;NyKEdkifygw,f/ rdrdBudKuf&myHkpHNzifh
Screen Saver vkyfEdkifygw,f/
All programs uawmhrdrdxnfhoGif;xm;aom Software rsm; OS wGifwygwnf;yg&Sd Apperance uawmhwindows style, screen color, fonts size & effect awGudktqif
vmaomSoftware rsm ;udkESpfouf&mwpfqifhNcif;
a&G;cs,foGm;NyD;vkyfaqmif&wmNzpfygw,f/ oufqdkif aNyovdkxm;&SdEdkifr,fht&mNzpfygw,f/
Settings uawmhScreen resolution & color quality
&mprogram rsm;udkpkpnf;ay;xm;NyD;qufEG,frI&Sdaom
program rsm;udkvnf;pkpnf;
ay;xm;ygw,f/ awGudkcsdef
nSd&r,fhae&mNzpfygw,f/

2. File Managments
uGefysLwmwpfvHk;[m
File managment rvkyfbJxm;r,fqdk&if tvGefw&mrS&IyfyGaewJh
 9 10

&Hk;cef;wpfckvdkNzpf
aeygvdrfhr,f/ 'ghaBumifhtrsdK;t
pm;wlwJh
file rsm;udkfolder rsm;?ae&mrsm;cGJNyD; yHkrSeftm;Nzifh
MP3 oDcsif;wpfyk'f&JU
size [m3<>4 MB cefU&Sdygw,f/CD wpfcsyfrSm
700 MB,
pkpnf;xm;
oifhygw,f/ Oyrm/ / oDcsif;zdkifrsm;?"gwfyHkzdkifrsm;?udk,fvkyfaewJhtvkyfzdkifrsm;udk
folder DVD wpfcsyfrSm 4.7 GB yg0ifygw,f/ oifh &JU
CD (or) DVD rSmoDcsif;b,favmuf qefY
rsm;wnfaqmufNyD;oyfoyfpDpkpnf
;xm;oifhygw,f/ uGefysLwm[mtoHk;
NyKrIBumvmwmESifhtrQrdrdtoHk; r,ftNcm;zdkifawG
b,favmufqefYr,fqdkwmudk txuf ygZ,m;twdkif;
wGuf,lvdkY&ygw,f/
NyKzefwD;xm;wJh
file rsm;eJYNynf
haewwfygw,f/File Managment aumif;aumif;vkyfwwfrSom
oifh&JUuGefysL
wm[mtvdk&SdwJhtcsdefrSmvG,fvifhwulzdkifaw
Gukd &SmazGNyD;toHk;NyKEdkifrSm
Nzpfygw,f/ zdkif&JUtrsdK;tpm;qdkwmuvnf; ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ yHkrSeftm;Nzifh zdkifwpfckud
'ghaBumifhzdkifawGudkae&mcsxm;Ncif;? ?topfwnfaqmufNcif;
ul;,la&GUaNymif;zsufxkwfNcif;
pwJhtvkyf qdk&if zdkiftrnfudkrdrduay;NyD;
file type udk rdrdoHk;vdkufwJh
software uay;vdkufwmNzpfygw,f/
file
awGvkyfzdkYtwGuf
Files & folder awG&JUoabmobm0udk em;vnfxm;zdkUvdktyfygw,f/ type udkfile extension vdkYac:ygw,f/ Oyrm
_

Folder uawmhtHqGJawG?
pm&Gufpmwrf;awGudk
pkNyD;xnfhxm;vdkY&wJh
files tBuD;pm;awGvdkY
omreftm;Nzihf em;vnfxm;vdkY&ygw,f/
[muta&mif;pm&if;?
b,f b,f[mu0efxrf;pm&if;? b,f
filename file extension
[mu bwf*swfpm&if; pwJhzdkifawGudk
foder wnfaq mufNyD;odrf;qnf;xm;&ygw,f/ omudk,f
'grS
vdkcsifwJhzdkifawGudk
tvG,fwul&Sma
zGEdkifygvdrfhr,f/ rodapcsifwJhtcsuftvufawGudkvnf;
azsmufxm; myogyi.jpeg
Ncif;
password cHNyD;odrf;qnf;
Ncif;awGudkvnf;
NyKvkyfEdkifrSmNzpfygw,f/

Files qdkwmuawmh uGefysLwmrSm odrf;qnf;xm ;aomt&mrSefo rQ[m zdkifawGNzpfygw,f/ 'gqkd&ifrsdK;BuD;&JU "gwfyHkudkodrf;xm;wJhzdkifqdkwmudkwef;NyD;odEdk

page
oufqdkif&m software awG tcsuftvufawG ay:rSmrlwnfNyD;zdkiftrsdK;tpm;omuGJNym;ygw,f/ yHkrSef maker eJYtvkyfvkyfNyD;odrf;xm;r,fqdk&if
file name &JUaemufrSm pmd vdkYazmfNyrSmNzpfygw,f/
.
tm;Nzifhpmom;zdkif? yHkzdkif? ProgramoDcsif;zdkif?
zdkifponfNzifh&Sdygw,f/icon zdkifawG&JU
udk BunfhNyD; xdkYtwlyJword rSmqdk&if .doc, Excel rSmqdk&if.xls ponfNzifhazmfNyrSmNzpfygw,f/ toHk;
zdkif&JUyrmP
(filesize) zdkif&JUtrsdK;tpm;
(file type or file extension) awGudkem;vnfzdkUvdkygw
,f/ rsm;wJhzdkifyHkpHawGudkatmufygtwdkif;avhvmEdkifygw,f/
zdkifudktao;pdwfBunhfr,fqdk
&ifawmhzdkifay:rSm
right click wpfcsufESdyfNyD;
properties udka&G;&ygr,f
'gqdk&ifzdkifwpfckvHk;eJYproperties
ywfoufwJh box usvmygvdrfhr,f/ zdkif&
JUtcsuftvufawGudk File type Extension Software
BunfhEdkifNyD;
size on disk qdkwJhae&mrSm file size udkBunfhEdkifygw,f/ 'gudkBunfhwwfzdkYqdk
&ifzdkifawGGudkwdkif;
wmwJh,lepfawGudkvnf; em;vnfxm;&ygw,f/ trSefawmhuGefysLwm[m 1 & 0 udk Document files .doc/ .pdf Microsoft Word, Adobe Reader
om em;vnfEdkifwmNzpf ygw, f/ rnfonfhtvkyf? umvm? pmvHk; pwmawGudkvkyfaeygap oluawmh
Windows Media Player/ Quick
(Binary data awGjzpfwJh 1 & 0) wdkYudkem; vnfNyD; rSwfxm;ay;rSmNzpfygw,f/Oyrmoifu A Video files .avi/.mov/ .mpeg Time
qdkwJhpmvHk;udk&dkufxnfh vdkufr,fqdk&ifuGefysLwmu
(1011) qdkN
yD;rSwfxm;rSmNzpfygw,f/ av; 'Dvdktpk
wpfckudk1bit vdkY ac:ygw,f/aemuf'DvdkqufoGm;r,fqdk&if 1bit, 2bit,3 bit ponfNzifhqufNyD; Windows Media Player/ Media
rSwfoGm;wmNzpfygw,f/ aemufNyD;tqifhqifh qufNyD;oGm;r,fqdk&ifaNymif;oGm;r,fh ,lepfawGudk Audio files .mp3/ .avi Player Classic
atmufygtwdkif;avh vmEdkifygw,f/
Presentation files .ppt/ .pps Power Point
1 bit 1 (or) ) 0 b

8 bit 1 byte (B) Text files .txt/ .ini Notepad

1024 byte 1 kilobyte (KB) Web document .htm/ .html Internet Explorer
1024 kilobyte 1 Megabyte (MB) Image file .jpeg/.bmp/.gif/.png Photoshop/ Paint/ Corel Draw
1024 Megabyte 1 Gigabyte (GB)
Compressed files .zip/ .rar Win ZIP/ Win RAR
1024 Gigabyte 1 Terabyte (TB)
 11 12

ed*Hk;csKyftaeeJY zdkifqdkwm oiftrSefwu,ftvkyf vkyf&r,fhae&mNzpfNyD;

folder qdkwm
zdkifawGudk places uawmhuGefysLwmrSmoifxyfrHwyfqifvdkufwJh
Hardwarersm;Nzpfygw,f/ Oyrm
memory(
pkNyD;xnfhxm;vdkY&wJht&myJNzpfygw,f/ stick, camera, phone etc..) ponfwdkYNzpfygw,f/ wpfckxyfydkrdkwyfqifr,fqdk&ifawmh
F:/G:/ H:
tpOfvdkufqufNyD;azmfNyrSmNzpfygw,f/
10. My Computer
 To open Folder, Sub folder & file
My Computer uawmhuGefysKwm wpfckvHk;&JU ae&mtawmfrsm;
rsm;udkoGm;a&muf
EdkifwJhae&myJNzpfygw,f/
My Computer Windows taBumif;udk pwifavhvmr,fqdk&ifoGm;EdkifwJh txufyg Drive awGxJrSm
folder awG&Sdygw,f/
folder awGxJrSmrS
subfolder vdkYac:wJh
ae&mawGuawmh Desktop ay:u icon udkdouble click vkyf&if&ygw,f/ aemufNyD;
Start > My Edkif
aemufxyffolder awG&Sd ) ygao;
( w,f/vdkcsifwJhzdkifra&mufrcsif;qufNyD;
double click eJYqufNyD;
Computer qdk&ifvnf;&ygw,f/
Keyboard ay:u Win+E udkwGJESdyfvdkuf&ifvnf;&ygw,f/ zGifhoGm;&wmNzpfygw,f/ aemufwpfckuawmh
Address bar uaequfNyD;zGifhoGm;
&wmNzpfygw,f/
b,fvdkyJzGifhzGifh
My Computer usvmygvdrfhr,f/ My Computer Windows xJrSmatmufygvkyf Address bar uawmhrdrdb,fa&mufaew,fqdkwmukd azmfNyay;ygw,f/ tvGeftoHk;0ifwJh
tool
aqmifcsufawGyg0ifygw,f/ wpfckNzpfygw,f/
rdrdoG
m;cJhwm udkwpfqifhNcif;NyefoGm;csif&if
Back & Forward eJUoGm;vdkY&ayr,fh
Address bar udkomoHk;r,fqdk&ifoGm;v
dk&mudk ausmfcGNyD;wpfcgwnf;oGm;
a&mufEdkifygw,f/
 Minimize-, Maximize & Close X
 View style of Folder & Files
Windows OS awGrSm file wpfck (odkY)
program wpfckzGifhvdkuf window wdkif;udk
wpfckvdkYac:ygw,f/
windows wdkif;&JUnmbuf axmifhpGef;rSm
minimize, restore & close button Files & folder awGudkrdrdpdwfBudKufNrifuGif;eJYazmfNyay;wJh
suf Nzpfygw,f/
vkyfaqmifc
awGyg&Sdygw,f/
minimize udkESdyfvdkufr,fqdk&if
window [m desktop ay:uaysmuf oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ 'guawmhview menu udkzGifhvdkuf&if
Thumbnail, Title, List, Detail pwJhcontex menu
odkU
aomftNyD;aysmufoGm;wmr[kwf
yJ taskbar ay:rSm&SdaeNyD; quftvkyfvkyfaeqJ
Nzpfygw,f/ Nyef usvm&ifudk,f
BudKufwJh
Style ukda&G;cs,fvdkuf&HkyJNzpfygw,f/
ac:csif&ifawmh
taskbar ay:utqdkyg icon ukdESdyfvdkuf&if Nyefay:vmrSmNzpfygw,f/
maximize
uawmhwindow udkscreen tNynfhBunfhvdk& ifoHk;NyD;vHk;0ydwfcsifwmqdk&ifawmh
close button
udkoHk;&rSmNzpfygw,f/
 How to get the New Folder
 Scroll Bar
Finding, Saving & Opening udkaumif;aumif;vkyfzdkYqdk&if wnfaqmuf
zdkifwpfckudk
oifh&JUarmfeDwmuazmfNyEdkifwJhyrmP xufausmfvGefvmNyDqdk&if wwf&ygw,f/ t&ifqHk;b,fae&mrSmaqmufrSm vJudkpOf;pm;&ygw,f/
awmhusefwJh desktop ay:rSmaqmufr,fqdk
(pm?yHk&dyf)awGukdqufvufazmfNy&eftwGuf
scroll bar ay:vmygw,f/ tay:atmufab;b,fnm &ifawmhicon awG eJYvGwfwJhae&mrSm
right click wpfcsufay;vdkufr,fqdk&if
menu wpfckusvmNyD;
vdkovdk
drag qGJNyD;Bun
fh Edkif ygw,f/ xkdtxJrSnew udka&G;NyD;
folder udkESdyfr,fqdk&ifzdkift
opfwpfck&ygNyD/
RC>New>Folder yHkpHNzpfyg
w,f/ uGefysLwmu new folder qdkNyD;
file name wpfckay;ygvdrfhr,f/filexdk
name xJrSmudk,f
 Windows moving & Switvhing BudKufwJhtrnfwpfck &dkufxnfhvdkuf&if&ygw,f/ “|}”:;-+ odkYaomf
pwmawGudkawmh file name
ay;vkdYr&ygbl;/
trnfaNymif;csifw,fqdk&ifawmh aNymif;csifwJhzdkifay:rSm
right click wpfcsufESdyfNyD;
Windows awGudk desktop ay:rSmvdkovdka&GUxm;Edkifygw,f/ t&G,ftpm;vnf;NyifvdkY
rename udka&G;
NyD; keyboard ay:rS F2 key udkESdyfNyD;aNymif;
file name&dkufxnfhvdkuf&if&ygw,f/
&ygw,f/Title bar ay:rSmESdyfNyD;
drag qGJvdkuf r,fqdk&ifoifvdkcsifwJhae&mudk
window vdkufa&GU
&ifvnf;&ygw,f/
ygvdrfhr,f/
window &JUaxmifhpGef;udk
pointer axmufvdkuf&if
pointer[m ( ) ,ckyHkpHodkU
aNymif;oGm;NyD;
oifvdkcsifoavmufcsHKUEdkifcsJUEdkifygw,f/  Cut, Copy, paste, Delete & Recycle Bin
 Drive zdkifawGudkwpfae&mrSwpfae&modkYa&GUaNymif;&mrSm
copy & cut udkoHk;ygw,f/
cut uawm
rlvae&mrSNzwfxkwfvdkufNcif;NzpfNyD;
copy u awmhrlvae&muaerdwÅLul;,lvdkufwmNzpfNyD;ygw,
My Computer windows xJrSm drive awGudk C:/ D:/ E: yHkpHNzifhazmfNyygw,f/
icon
vdkcsifwJhae&mrSm xifapvdkufwmuawmh
paste vkyfwmNzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkvkyfzdkYqdk&ifyxr
OD;pGm
udkBunfhNyD;
hard drive vm; CD drive vm; qdkwmudkodEdkifygw,f/ ykHrSeftm;Nzifh
C:/D: qdkwJh
Hard
Disk drive, E: qdkwJh
CD (or) DVD drive eJY
other places qdkwmudkNrif&rSmNzpfyg
w,f/ Other cut/copy vkyfvdkwJhzdkifudk
select t&ifvkyfNy
D;right click wpfcsufESdyfvdkuf&ifusvmwJh
menu xJu
 13 14

copy/cut udka&G;&rSmNzpfygw,f/
aemufudkvdkcsifwJhae&mrSm
right click wpfcsufESdyfvdkuf&ifusvm
wJh (1) Office Button (MOB)
menu xJu pste udka&G;vdkuf&if&ygw,f/
shortcut key taeeJUuawmhCopy vkyfcsif&if
<Ctrl+C>, Cut vkyfcsif&
if <Ctrl+X) udkwGJ
ESdyf&NyD;
paste vkyfcsif&if
Ctrl+V udkwGJESdyf&rSm MOB uawmh?Save, Open, Print pwJhBasic Command rsm;udkpkpnf;xm;wJhae&mNzpfyg
Nzpfygw,f/ w,f/ t&if Word version rsm;rSmygwJh
File menu vdkygyJNzpfygw,f/
Finish & Punblish pwJh
Command topfrsm;yg0ifvmygw,f/
Delete uawmhzdkifawGudk zsufcsifwJhtcgrSmoHk;ygw,f/ csifw,fqdk&ifawmh
olUudkoHk; zsuf
csifwJhzdkifudk
select ay;NyD; keyboard ay:u delete key udkESdyf&if wu,fzsufrSmvm;qdkwmudk (2) Quick Acess Tool Bar
twnfNyKcsufawmif;cH wJhbox wpfckusvmygvdrfhr,f/ zsufrSmqdk&ifawmhYes rzsufcsifao; bl;qdk&if MOB &JU nmbufab;rSm&Sdygw,f/ Save, Undo, Redo, Quick Acess menu pwmawG
awmhNo vkyfvdkuf&if&ygw,f/ odkYayr,fh zsufxkwfvdkufwJhzdkif
awG[m trSefwu,frysufbJ &Sdygw,f/ ,f oHk;csifwJh
udk Command awGudkvnf;Quick Acess menu rSmxyfrH NyD;xnfh
Recycle Bin vdkYac:wJhtrIdufyHk;xJudk a&mufoGm;wmNzpfwJhtwGufoifhtaeeJYrSm;
,Gif;NyD;zsufrdw,f oGif;xm;vdkY&ygw,f/
qdk&ifawmifRecycle Bin udkzGifhNyD;&Sm&if&ygao;w,f/ vkyfzdkYuawmh
recycle bin udkzGifhNyD;oifzsufrd
wJhzdkifudk&Smyg/ rightawGU&if
click vkyfNyD;ay:vmwJh menu xJu restore udkESdyfvdkuf&ifoifh&JU (3) Title Bar
zdkif[mrlvrzsufcifae&mudkNyef
a&mufoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ trdIufyHk;xJrSmvnf;BumvmwmeJYtrQ zdkifawG
[m&IyfyGvmwwfygw,f/ 'DhtwGuf recycle bin udkvnf;&Sif;zdkY
vdktyfygw,f/ yHkrSeftm;Nzifh
Hard Windows &JUtay:qHk;u Bar Nzpfygw,f/ tv,frSmvuf&SdzGifhxm;wJhFile name udkazmf
Disk &JU 10% txdzsufxkwfwJh trIdufzdkifawGudkom xJrSmxm;EdkifwmNzpfNyD;
yHk; ausmfvm&ifawmh Nyxm;NyD;nmbuftpGefrSmawmh minimize, maximize & close button awG&Sdygw,f/
tvdkt vsmufzsu fxkwfypfygw,f/ tu,fí Hard Disk space udkvdktyfvm NyDqdk&ifawmhzdkifawG (4) Ruler
udkxyfrHzsufxkwf&ygw,f/ recycle bin ay:udkright click wpfcsufESdyfNyD;menu usvmwJh
xJu
Empty Recycle BinudkESdyfvdkuf&if trIdufyHk;xJrSmvHk;0& Sif;NyD;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ rSmawmh
'Dwpfcg oif,lxm;wJhpm&Guf&JUtwdkif;twm? Columnstwdkif;twmawGudk zmfNy&mae&myJNzpfygw,f/
a
t &ifvdk
Nyef&SmvdkYr&awmhyJ vHk;0aysmufoGm;wmNzpfygw,f/zsufwJhzdkifawGudkk
recycle bin xJr0ifapyJ yHkrSeftm;Nzifh
new document awGrSmryg 0ifwwfwJhtwGufrdrdudk,fwdkifvkyf&ygw,f/ View tab
wpfcgwnf;ysufap csifw,fqdk&ifawmh shift key udkdelete key eJYwGJESdyfvdkuf&ifb,fudk
rSra&muf udkESdyfNyD;
Show / Hide Group xJrSRuler udkESdyfvdkuf&if&ygNyD/
awmhbJwpfcgwnf;ysufoGm;rSmNzpfygw,f/
(5) Ribbon
UNIT 4
Ribbob uawmh vkyfaqmufcsuft rsm;pkudkxnfhxm;wJhae&myJNzpfyg
w,f/ 'gawGuawmh Home,
MICROSOFT WORD 2007 Insert, Page Layout, References, Mailing, Review, View pwJh Tab (7) ckyg0ifygw,f/ Tab
awG&JU atmufrSmqufpyfwJh command awGudkpkpnf;wifNyxm;NyD;command tkyfpkwpfckpDrSm luncher
1. Microsoft Word
wpfckpD&Sdygw,f/luncher uawmholtkyfpk
rSm&SdwJh
command awGudk zGifhay;wJhdialouges box yGifh&m
Microsoft Word qdkwmuawmh Microsoft Corporation uxkwfwJh &Hk;vkyfief;oHk;
software command yJNzpfygw,f/Oyrm Font luncher udkzGifhvdkufr,fqdk&if
font udkNyifEdkif
r,fh dialouge
package xJu word processing program wpfckNzpfygw,f/ tNcm; word processing software box yGifhvmNyD; vdktyfovdktao;pdwfNyKNyifEdkifrSmNzpfyg
w,f /
rsm;pGm
vnf;&Sdygw,f/ Microsoft Word uawmhtvG,fwulpm& dkufEdkifNcif;? NyifqifEdkifNcif;?
File
1. Tex Area
size ao;i,fNcif;wdkUaBumifh&Hk;orm;awGuydkNyD;t
oHk;rsm;ygw,f/
Ruler \ atmufrS tNzLa &mifrsufESmNyifonf pm&dkuf&rnfh
ae&mNzpfNyD;Insertion Point
Microsoft Word udkzGifhEdkifwJhae&mawGrsm;pGm&SdwJhteuf
Start uaet&ifzGifhBu&atmif /
vdkYac:wJhcursor [mrSdwfwkwfrSdwf
wkwfNzpfaewJha'gifvdkufvdkif;uav;[m pmp&dkuf&rnfhae&mNzpf
Start> Programs> Microsoft Office> Microsoft Word 2007 qdkNyD;tpOftw dkif;
click ygw,f/
vdkuf&if
word program yGifhoGm;rSmNzpfygw,f/ program &JU
'D tzGifhpmrsufESmrSmtaNc
cHtcsuf(9)
csufyg0ifygw,f/ 2. Status Bar
Windows &JuatmufacsrS
uefYvefYNzwfvdkif;[m
Status Bar Nzpfygw,f/
vkyfaewJh
documents
 15 16

eJYqdkifwJhtcsuftvufawGudkazmfNy
ay;ygw,f/ olUtay:rSmright click ESdyfNyD;vdktyfovdkNyif
qif Saving
NznfhpGuf
Edkifygw,f/
rdrdtvkyfNyD;wJhtcgNyefoHk;zdkY
^ay;ydkYzdkYvdkvmwJhtcgzdkifawGudk
Save vkyfBu&ygw,f/ ta&;
3. Scroll bar & View Toolbar BuD;qHk;uawm
h b,fae&mrSmb,fyHkpHESifh
vJqdkwmyJNzpfygw,f/
xm;rSm Click MOB> Save As
Monitor &JUazmfNyEdkifwJhyrmPxuf
ausmfvGefvmNyDqdk&if
awmhScroll Bar udkoHk;NyD;
usefwJhNrif Save As dialog box usvmygr,f/ Save in qdkwJh Address bar rSmodrf;rnfhae&mudk
uGif;awGudkBunhfEdkifygw,f/ a&G;cs,fEdkifygw,f/File NyD;&if
name ae&mrSmudkay;r,fhzdkif trnfudk&dkufxnfh&ygr,f/ Nzifh yHkrSef
document &JUyxrqHk;&dkufxm;wJhpmom;awGudk filename tNzpft vdkvdkay;wwfygw,f/
View toolbar uawmhudk,fh&JU
Document udkyHkpH
(5) rsdK;eJYBunfhEdkif
ygw,f/ View tab uae
aemufqHk;taeeJUudkodrf;csifwJhyHkpHeJY
file type udka&G;cs,fNyD;
Save vkyf&rSmNzpfygw,f/ tu,fítNcm;
aNymif;Edkifovdk
Horizontal Scroll bar atmufu view toolbar icon av;awGuvnf;
aNymif;Edkifygw,f/ version rsm;NzpfwJh
Word 97/ 2003 rsm; oHk;xm;wJhuGefysKwmawGrSm kyfcsifw,fqdk&if
ygtvkyfv
file
type udkword 97-2003 workbook taeeJYodrf;&rSmNzpfygw,f/ xdktcgtitle bar ay:wGifoif
save vkyfvdkufaom
Print layout view uawmhnew document wpfckudkzGifhvdkufwdkif; Nrif&r,fhyHkpHNzpfygw,f/ file name trnfodkYaNymif;oGm;
ygrnf/ xkdYaemufwindow udkydwfvdkufyg/
toHk;trsm;qHk;
view wpfckjzpfNyD;vuf&SdNrif
wJhtwdkif;
print xkwfay;rSmNzpfygw,f/ window ydwfoGm;rnfNzpfNyD; tu,fí
save vkyfNyD;aemuf wpfpHkwpf&mNyifqifcJhygu
save vkyfrSm
vm;rvkyfbl;vm;udkar;ygvdrfhhr,f/
Full Screen view uawmhvkyfNyD;om;tvkyfawGudk
Nyef
NyD;ppfaq;csif
wJhtcgtoHk;rsm;ygw,f/
pmzwf&eftaumif;qHk;
View wpfckNzpfNyD;pmom;
awGudkom azmfNyay;ygw,f/ 3. Editing

Web Layout uawmhpm&Gufudk

web page yHkpHNzifhazmfNyay;ygw,f/ Editing uawmhtvGefus,fNyefYNyD;udk,fvkyfEdkifoavmuftusdK;
&Sdygw,f/ Basic Level
rSmawmhtaNccH
tab 7 ckxJurStoHk;rsm;wJh
tab awGNzpfwJh
Home, Insert, Page Layout & View
Draft view uawmhpmom;awGudkd&dk;&Sif;pGmNrifEdkifNyD; pmom;awGudk vG,fulpGmNyifqifEdkifygw,f/
awGtaBumif;eJYol
wdkY&JU
effects awGtaBumif;udkoHk;Bu&ygr,f/
Outline View uawmh toHk;tenf;qHk;yHkpHNzpfNyD;rdrd
Document &JUwnfaqmufyHkudk
azmfNy Edit vkyfvdkaompmrsm;udk
t&ifqHk;vkyf&rSmuawmh select vkyf&
rSmyJNzpfygw,f/vkyfvdk
xm;ygw,f/ aompmom;rsm;udkmouse Nzifh
Drag qGJNyD;
select vkyfEdkifovdk
keyboard Nzifhvnf;
select vkyfEdkifyg
w, f/select vkyfvdk aompmaBumif;
\ tp^tqHk;wGif cursor csNyD;
shift+L/R arrow key udkoHk;&
2. Creating a new document rSmNzpfygw,f/
 click>MOB/ usvmonfhmenu xJrSnew udka&G;yg/
new document dialog box rS Select vkyfNyD;om;pmawGudk zswfxkwfvdkyguDel/Back Space udktoHk;NyKNyD;
pmvHk;
blank document udka&G;NyD;
create vkyfygunew document wpfck&rnf/ apmif;Ncif;
(Italic>I), rsOf;om;Ncif;
(Underline>U) ta&mifwifNcif;(Bold>B) awGudkuawmh
 page setup uawmhpm&GufyHkpHudka&G;cs,fNyD;vdkcsifwJhy
HkpHudkqHk;a&G;cs,fNyD;ae&mcs
t&if font luncher rSm&SdwJh icon awGudkESdyfNyD;oHk;pGJ&rSmNzpfygw,f/ vkyfNyD;om;awG
xm;ay;& rSmNzpfygw,f/ 'grSomNyefvnfNyif
qif&wJh'ku©rSuif;a0;rSmNzpfygw,f/ vnf;tqdkyg icon awGudkESdyfNyD;oHk;oHk;pGJ&rSmNzpfygw,f/
olwdkY&JU
shortcut key awGuawmh
choose> page layout tab> click page setup luncher> Ctrl+B>B, Ctrl+U>U, Ctrl+I> I awGNzpfygw,f/ Copy vkyf
zdkYuawmhselect vkyfNyD;
Ctrl+C
 pmom;awG&dkufxnfh&eftwGuf cursor / insertion point udkNrif
&ygr,f/ pmwpfvHk; udkwGJESdyfyg/ (paste)
xifapcsif
wJhae&mrSm
cursor csNyD;
Ctrl+V udkwGJESdyf&ygr,f/
Cut vkyfzdkYuawmh
&dkufwdkif;pmvHk;[mxdk
cursor ae&muaeay: vmrSmNzpfygw,f/Typing error &Sdvm&if Ctrl+X udkwGJESdyf&ygr,f/
back space udkoHk;NyD; zsufxkwfEdkifygw,f/
cursor a&SUupmom;ukdzsufcsif&if
back space
udkoHk;&rSmNzpfNyD;aemufupmudkzsufcsif&ifawmh
delete key udkoHk;&rSmNzpfygw,f/ Text Format
pmaBumif;qHk;wmeJU oifay;xm;wJh margins twdkif;aemufwpfaBumif;odkUtvdktavsmuf Formatting uawmhpmvHk;yHkpHawG? t&G,fawG?
awGukd
oifhawmfovdkpDpOf
ta&mif ae&mcs
qif;oGm;rSmNzpfNyD; vdkif;vGwfwpfaBu
mif; (wpfydk'f) tNzpfquf&dkufrS
omvsif enter key x m;Ncif;yJNzpfygw,f/
'grSmomoyf&yfwJhpmwpf apmifudk&SdrSmNzpfygw,f/
udkoHk;&rSmNzpfygw,f/
 17 18

t&ifqHk;taeeJYNyifqifr,fhpmom;awGudk
select vkyfyg/ aemuf
NyD; font luncher udkzGifh aBumif;olYtvdk
vdkqif;ygw,f/ pmydk'fcGJcsifwJh
tcgrSomEnter ESdyf&rSmNzpfygw,f/
vdkufygu
font dialog box yGifhvmygr,f/
font tab atmufrSm&SdwJh
command awGudkpreview
BunfhNyD;a&
G;cs,f
Edkifygw,f/ tm;vHk;NyD;NyDqdk&if
OK vdkufyg/ Indent b,favmufxm;r,f? pmaBumif;udkb,fbufuyfr,f? nmbufuyfr,f? tv,frSm
xm;r,fpon fNzifh BudKufovdkpDpOfxm;Edkifyg
w,f/ pmom;awG&dkufNyD;rSNyifvdkY&ovdk
r&dkufcifvnf;
Illustrations/ Clip Art Gallery BudKwifNyD;ay;xm; Edkifygw,f/taumif;qHk;uawmh BudKwifNyD;Nyifxm;oifhygw,f/
r&dkufcif uawmh ol
Home tab xJu paragraph luncher xJu tools awGeJYoHk;& rSmNzpfygw,f/ avhusihf&efuaw
Document awGudk text & picture a&mNyD;a&;om;csifwJhtcg tools udkoHk;ygw,f/
'D Document wpfckxyfzGifhNyD;tqdkyg
file xJrSm=rand(3) udk&dkufxnfhNyD;
enter ESd
yfvdkufygu
Insert tab xJu clip art icon udkESdyf&if clip art menu yGifhvmrSmNzpfygw,f/
search box avhusifh&efpmydk'frsm;&ygvdrfhr,f/
xJrSmv dkcsifwJhyHktrnfudk
&dkufxnfh
NyD;GO udkESdyfNyD;&SmazG&ygr,f/
ay:vmwJhyHkawGxJuvdkcsifwJhyHkkudk
double click ESdyfNyD;a&G;vdkuf&ifrdrd
cursor csxm;wJhae&mrSmyHkay:vmrSm Nzpfygw,f/ Spacing uawmhpmaBumif;awGudk tusOf;tus,fcsdefnSdeJYvkyf aqmifcsuf Nzpf
Home tab xJu paragraph luncher rSm &SdwJhline spacing udkzGifhNyD;ay;xm;wJh
spacing
Microsoft &JUykHawGudkroHk;yJ
rdrdpdwfBudKufyHkawGudka&G;NyD;
insert vkyfEdkifygw,f/
vdkcsifwJhae awGudkoHk;Edkif ovdk optionudkzGifhNyD;oifhawmfovdkxm;vdkY&ygw,f/
line spacing
&mrSm cursor csNyD;
Illustration luncher xJrSpicture icon udkclick yg/usvmwJh dialog box
xJurdrdvdkcsifwJhyHk
udka&G;NyD;
insert vkyf&rSmNzpfygw,f/ Indent

Insert vkyfNyD;om;yHkawGudkt&G,ftpm;csdefndSzdkYuawmhv
kyfNyD;
om;yHkay:rSm
click wpfcsuf First line indent uawmhpmydk'ftprSmb,favmufcsefxm;rvJ qdkwmyJNzpfygw,f/
cursor
ESdyfyg/ yHkudkcsdefnSdvdkY&r,fh
tool wpfckay:vm rSmNzpfNyD;
vdkovdkcsdefnSdEdkifygw,f/ tvif;tarSmifudk udkindent vkyfrnfhpmydk'f&JUtprSmxm;yg/
Home tab xJu paragraph luncher udkzGifhvkdufyg/
csdefnSdzdkYuawmhyHkay:
double click rSm
ESdyfyg/
format tab wpfckyGifhoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/
Adjust luncher indent & Spacing atmufrSindent special ae&mrSmfirst line udka&G;yg/
by ae&mwGif
indent
xJu tools awGudk,loHk;Edkifygw,f/ JYYyHkawGudk
pmom;e
arrange vkyfcsif&ifawmh
text arampping vkyfvdkaomtwdkif;twmudka&G;yg/
NyD;vsif
OK udkESdyfyg/
pmwpfydk'fvHk;udk
indent vkyfvdkygu
indent
menu udkzGihfNyD;vdkcsifwJh
command awGudk,loHk;Edkifygw,f/ left ae&mwGif1 udk&dkuf xnfhyg/
indent right ae&mwGif
0.5 [k&dkufxnfh&if
&ygNyD/
pmom;a wGudk
alignment csdefzdkYuawmhpmom;awGudk
select ay;NyD;vdkcsifwJh
alignment udkESdyfvdkuf&if&ygNyD/
oif&dkufxm;wJhpmom;awGudk
spelling & grammar ppfaq;Edkif
ygw,f/ spelling rSm;&if
teDa&mifvdkif;wm;NyD;
grammar rSm;&ifawmh tpdrf;a&mifvdkif;w
m;NyD;azmfNyay;rSmNzpfygw,f/
Review Printing
tab xJu menu awGudkoHk;&rSmNzpfygw,f/ Document wpfapmifudk
print out vkyfawmhr,fqdk&ifvkyf&
r,fh tqifhESpfqifh&Sdygw,f/
For Example: 'guawmhprint preview BunfhNcif;Nzpfyg
w,f/ MOB button udkzGifhvdkufNyD;
print preview
udka&G;ygupm&Guf
xkwfvdkuf&if
trSefwu,fNrif&r,fhyHkpH
ukd
Nrif&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dae&mudkBunfh
NyD;rdrdpm
 The history of Yangon is intertwined with thr history of the Shwedagon &Guf[mtNyifa&mufaeovm;?atmufusaeovm;pwJh margin taetxm;awGudkBunfhNyD;xyfrHNyif
Pagoda qifoifhygw,f/tm;vHk;ppfaq;NyD;&ifawmh
printout vkyfvdkY&ygNyD/

'Dpmom;udk&dkufxnfhNyD;
select ay;yg/
review tab &Sd
spelling & grammar udkclick ESdyfyg/ Print vkyfzdkYuawmh MOB button udkzGifhNyD;
print udka&G;ygu print dialog box
yGifhvmygvdrfhr,f/
usvmonfh dialog box xJrSm trSm;awGeJYNyifqif&r,fh pum;vHk;erlemawGudk azmfNyay;xm;yg box 'D
xJrSmt&ifvkyfaqmif&rSm printer
uawmh name a&G;&rSmNzpfygw,f/
vdrfhr,f/trSefudka&G;NyD;
change v kyfvdkufyg&if&ygNyD/ rSmawmhol&JU
wpfcgwpfav program NyD;&ifb,fpmrsufESmawGudk
print xkwfrSmvJqdkwmudka&G;cs,f&rSmNzpfygw,f
/ tm;vHk;rxkwfyJudk,
fvdk
xJrSmr&SdwJhpum;vHk;awGudkawmh
word uem;vnf rSmr[kwfwJhtwGuftrS
m;Nyygvdrfhr,f/ Oyrm/
/
csifwJhpmrsufESmawGudk
a&G;xkwfcsifw,fqdk&ifawmh pmrsufESmawGudk&dkuf xnfhay;&rS
Mg Mg/ Shwedagon wdkYvdkpum;vHk;awGNzpfygw,f/ 'gqdk&ifawmh
ignore button ukdESdyfvdkufyg
u
raNymif;vJbJqufvufwnf&SdaerSmNzpfygw,f/ Oyrm/ / 1,3,5,6,3,8,9,14,12 etc.../ NyD;&if
awmht&Gufa&b,favmufxkwfr,fqdkwm
udka&G;cs,f&rSmNzpfygw,f/
Paragraph & Spacing
NyD;&ifawmhprinter properties xJ0ifa&mufNyD;
printer setting udkcsdef&rSmNzpfygw,f/
Word rSmpm&dkufvdkYpmaBumif;qHk;oGm;&if margins (udk,fay;xm;wJh
tqHk;)aemufwpf xkwfr,fhpm&GufuA4 vm; letter size vm;qdkwm udka&G;cs,f&ygw,f/ NyD;&ifawmh a'gifvdkuf
 19 20

(portrait) vm;tvsm;vdkuflandscape)
( tyfovdkNyif
vm;qdkwmudka&G;ay;&ygw,f/ NyD;&ifawmhudk,foHk;r,fh qif&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'grSompmom;eJY*
Pef;awG[molae&meJY olBunhfaumif; NyD;tqifaNywJh
printer &JUtNcm;vkyfaqmifcsufawGudka&G;ay;&ygw,f/tm;vHk;NyD;&if
awmhprint vkyfvdk&ygNyD/owd pm& if;Z,m;wpfck Nzpfygvdrfhr,f/ 'guawmh pointer udkrdrdcsJU^csHKU
vdkwJhcell &JU column ae&m
xm;apcsifwmuawmh word &JU print yHk
pHeJYtNcm; software print yHkpHrwlnDovdk printer udkoGm;yg/ 'DtcsdefrSm
pointer [m L/R arrow head NzpfoGm;yg vdrfhr,f/ vdkcsifoavmuf
mouse
properties yHkpH[m vnf; printer wpfvHk;eJYwpfvHk;rwlnDBuwJhtwGuftaNccH print xkwf udkdrag qGJNyD;a&TU,lEdkifygw,f/row awGudkvnf; 'DtwdkifvkyfaqmifoGm;&
HkygyJ/
Row ae&mudk
wJhyHkpHudktaotcsmrSwfxm;zdkYvdkygvdrfhr,f/ pointer oGm;vdkuf&if up/down arrow head Nz pfoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ tay:atmifvdko vdk
usOf;EdkifcsJUEdkifw,fqdkwJhoabmNzpfygw,f/
UNIT (5)
 Formatting Cell
MICROSOFT EXCEL 2007
Formatting cell qdkwmuawmhb,f cell awGudkb,fae&mrSm bmvkyfr,fqdkwmudk command
Microsoft excel [mpm&if;Z,m;awGufka&;qGJwGufcsufEdkifwJhsperadsheet program ay;xm;Ncif;yJNzpfygw,f / Word rSmu NyD;rSmvdkufNyifvdkY&ayr,fh
excel rSmuawmhodyftqifr
wpfckyJNzpfygw,f/ v,f*smpm&Gufaygif;rsm;pGmESifh tvkyfvkyfae&ovdk uGefysKwmuoifapcdkif;wJht
aNyygbl;/ Cell awGudk format vkyfzdkYuawmht&ifqHk;udk,fay;csifwJh
cell awGudk
mouse eJY drag qGJNyD;
wdkif;vkyfaqm
ifay;yg
vdrfhr,f/Excel udkStart>Programs>Microsoft Office>Microsoft Excel select ay;xm;&ygw,f/
2007 udkwpfqifhcsif;zGifhoGm;vdkufygu
Excel program yGifhvmygvdrfhr,f/
tcsdKUapplication awG
[m word eJYtawmfrsm;rsm; qifwlygw,f/ udef;*Pef;awGudkxnfhoGif;wGufcsufzdkYtwGuf
Formula Cell xJrS data rsm;udkvdkcsifwJhyHkpHtwdkif;ae&mcsxm;Edkifygw,f/
select ay;xm;wJhcell
tab & Data tab awGyg0ifvmygw,f/ awGay:rSm right click ESdyfvdkuf&if
format cell box usvmygr,f/ 'Dmenu xJurS format cell
udka&G;vdkuf &if&ygNyD/
Format cell dialog box xJu alignment tab udka&G;NyD; udk,fvdkcsif wJh
 Cell yHkpHudkzefwD;,lEdkifygw,f/ 'Denf;eJYyJqufNyD;awmh
data rxnfh&ao; wJhusefcell awGudkyg command
t&if word rSmwkef;uaNymcJhwJ
hwcsdKUtaBumif;t&mawGudkcsefcJh
ygr,f/ Word eJYvHk;0rwlwmu ay;xm;Edkifygw,f/ aemufNyD;'Dformatting cell dialog box xJrSmyJ cell color, border,font
awmh speradsheet &JUcell rsm;
yJNzpfygw,f/speradsheet &JUtay:bufrSmA,B,C,D qdkNyD;tu©&m pwJh tab awG&SdNyD;vdktyfovdktoHk;NyK Edkifygw,f/
rsm;&Sdygw,f/
Column vdkYac:ygw,f/
aemufNyD;
speradsheet &JUb,fbuf rSm1,2,3,4 pwJh*Pef;
 File protecting
rsm;&SdNyD;4if;wdkYudk
Row vdkYac:ygw,f/ 'Dvdk
Row wpfckeJYColumn wpfckaygif;wm (qHkwJhae&m)
[m
cell wpfckNzpfyg
w,f/ Oyrm column D eJYrow 5 wkdYqHkwJhae&m[m cell D5 Nzpfygw,f/ Excel rSmfile awGud
k password cHNyD;
odrf;xm;Edkifygw,f/ 'Dvdkodrf;wJhcgrSmyHkpHE
oif[mpm&dkufxnfhr,f?
Data awGxnfhoGif;r,fqdk&ifudkoHk;csifwJh
cell udkt&ifclick vkyf&ygr,f/ odrf;Edkifygw,f/ uawmh
'gawG Read only password vdkYac:wJh
zdkifawGudkzGifhBunfh&HkyJBunfh
vdkY&wJh
'gqdk&if
cell uGufav;[mtrnf;a&mifaNymif;
oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ 'g[mcell active Nzpfw,fvdkUac:yg yHkpHNzpfNyD;aemufwpfrsdK;uawmh
Modify password vdkYac:wJhNyif
qifNznfhpGufcGifh&SdwJhyHkpHNzpfy
f/
w,f/ qkdvdkwmuawmh'D cell xJrSmudk,fpm&dkufr,f?
Data awGxnfhr,fqdkwmudk program udk
command ay;vdkufwmNzpfygw,f/ 'grSom'D
cell xJrSmtvkyfvkyfEdkifrSmNzpfygw,f/  Click MOB>Save as>
 Choose saving place & type
Data adding  Click tool tab>choose general option
 Type password to open & password to modify
Cell wpfckxJodkY data awGxnfhoGif;wJhtcgvdkcsifwJh
cell udkclick vkyfNyD;&dkufxnfhvdkuf
 Click OK> reenter password to procrrd >click
&HkyJNzpfygw,f/ odkdYaomf&dkufNyD;om;pmawGudkqifcsif&ifawmhcell'DxxyfrHNyif
JrSmyJ
xyfrH&dkufoGif;vdkY
tqifr aNyEdkifygbl;/ 'ghaBumifh
formula bar uaeoGm;a&mufNyifqif&ygw,f/ rdrdNyifvdkwJh
cell udk 'DvdkrsdK;
password awGconfirm password awG&dkufNyD;
save vdkufr,fqdk&if
oifh&Jhfile
click ESdyfyg/
'DtcsdefrSmformula bar xJudkBunfhvdkuf&if
cell xJrSm&Sd
wJhpmom;awGudkNrif&ygvdrfhr,f/ [m password protecting file NzpfoGm;ygNyD/
aemufwpfcgoifNyefzGifhwJhtcgrSmawmh
csufcsif;excel
'gqdk&if 'Dpmom;awGxJudk cursor csNyD;v
tyfovdkNyifqifEdkifygw,f/
dk file uwef;NyD;
yGifhrvmyJ oihfudk
passoword awmif;ygvdrfhr,f/
File awGrsm;vmwm eJYtrQoifh&JU
password file awGvnf;rsm;vmEdkifygw,f/ 'ghaBumifht
vG,fwulrSwfrdEdkifwJh
password awGyJay;
Preparing the cell size wmaumif;ygw,f/
Excel uay;xm;wJh
cell awG[mrdrdvdkcsifwJhtwdkif;rNzpfEdkifygbl;
cell awGudkvdk
'ghaBumifh
 21 22

 Calculation by excel formula

A B C D E
Excel udkoHk;NyD;pm&if;Z,m;qGJwwf&Hk?Data xnfhwwf&HkeJYawmhrvHk avmufao;ygbl;/
Formula awGroHk;Edkif&if
calculator oHk;NyD;data Nznfh&HkavmufyJtoHk;NyKEdkifygw,f/
Basic level 1 1 2 3 4 5
taeeJYtaNccH
formula avmufawmhwwfxm;oifhygw,f/ ,fydkifaiGpm&if;wpfckudkatmufyg
udk twdkif;
formula oHk;NyD;wGufcsufEdkifygw,f/
oifoHk;r,fhcell [musOf;aer,f?row awGudkvnf;q ufNyD;awmh 2 6
twdk;tavsmhrvkyfcsif
bl;? usefwJh cell awGudkvnf;rxdcdkufapcsifbl;qdk&ifawmh
merge cell vkyfzdkY
vdkygvdrfhr,f/
Merge cell uawmhcell awGudkwpfckwnf;NzpfatmifvdkufwmNzpfygw,f/
aygif;pnf; 3
Oyrm A1, B1, C1 wdkYudk
select ay;NyD;merge cell vkyfvdkufr,fqdk&if
cell oHk;ck[m
'D cell wpfck 4
wnf;NzpfoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/
Cell name taeeJYA1 [k omNyaeygvdrfhr,f/
5
Auto fill qdkwmuawmh &uf?v? ESpf? udef;*Pef;awGudktvdktavsmufNznfhay;wJh
vkyfaqmifcsufNzpfygw,f/
Oyrm
-row awGudk 1?2?3?4 tpOfvdkufwyfcsifw,fqdk&if?1?
2?3 yJ&dkufzdkYvdk  Adding up (aygif;Ncif;)
ygw,f/ oif&dkufxnfhxm;wJh 1?2?3
select ay;yg/
udk cursor udkcell &JU
atmufaNcodka&TUyg/
cursor = A1+B1+C1+D1+E1 Ans: 15
[mtrnf;a&mif taygif;vu©PmodkYaNymif;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ 'D av;udk drag
auto fill cursor = sum (A1:E1) Ans: 15
qGJvdkufygu
cursor ab;rSm eHygwftpOfvdkufwdkif; ay:aeygvdrfhr,f/
vdkcsifwJheHygwfa&mufNyD
qdk&if = sum (A1:E1)+A2 Ans: 21
vTwfvdkufygu auto fill number awG&ygNyD/a
emufNyD;aeYawGqdk&ifvnf;
Monday wpfckwnf; = sum (A1:E1,A2) Ans: 21
&dkufNyD;'Denf;twdkif;
drag qGJumtoHk;NyKEdkifygw,f/  Multiplying (ajrSmufjcif;)
= B1*C1 Ans: 6
pmawGtBurf;&dkufNyD;NyDqdk&if
awmh pm&i f;awGudk
abmifcwfzdkYvdkygvdrfh
r,f/ abmifcwfzdkYu = A1*B1*C1*D1*E1 Ans: 120
awmhudk
,f toHk;NyKr,fh
cell awGudkselect ay;NyD;
Home tab xJrSm&SdwJhborder xJuudk,fvdkcsifwJhyHkpH = product(A1:E1) Ans: 120
ukda&G;vdkuf&if&ygNyD/ = product(A1:E1,A2) Ans: 720
= (A1+A2)*B1 Ans: 14
 Adding, Substracting& Dividing
Excel rSmaygif;zdkYtwGufuawmh auto sum menu udkoHk;&HkeJUNyD;
ygw,f/ odkYaomfvdkcsifwJh  Subtraction (EIwfjcif;)
cell awGudkoma&G;NyD;
aygif;r,fqdk&ifawmh auto sum eJYr&awmhygbl;/ 'ghaBumifh
custom = A2-A1 Ans: 5
= A2-A1-B1 Ans: 3
adding vkyf&ygw,f rdrdtaNzvdkcsifwJh
cell rSm nDrQNcif;vkyf&ygw,f/
NyD;&ifrdrdaygif;r,fh
cell
= (A1+A2) – B1 Ans: 5
awGudk + taygif;cHNyD;wpfqifhNcif;qufNyD;oGm;&ygr,f/ NyD;oGm;NyDqdk&ifawmh
tm;vHk; Enter
 Division (pm;jcif;)
ESdyfvdkuf&ifrdrd
nDrQNcif;xm;cJhwJhae&m rSmtaNz&ygvdrfhr,f/ cell awG rsm;pGmudkaygif;csifw,f
= A2/B1 Ans: 3
qdk&ifawmh vdkcsifwJhae&mrSm nDrQNcif;&dkufxnfhNyD;
twef;tpOfvdkufaygif;r,fhcell &JUtpeJYtqHk;
= A2/C1 Ans: 2
udkOyrmsum=A1:D1)
( qdkNyD;&dkufxnfh&
rSmNzpfygw,f/ zdkYuawmhrdrdvdkcsifwJhae&mrSm
rarh
= (C1*D1)/A2 Ans: 2
nDrQNcif;udk
&dkufxnfh&efyJNzpfygw,f/ tEkwfoabmw&m; rSmvnf;twlwlyJNzpfygw,f/ nDrQNcif;
csNyD;
tEkwfcHum qufNyD;wpfqifhjcif;vkyfaqmif oGm;&HkyJNzpfygw,f/
Average uawmhysrf;rQ
 Running Sort & Filter
wGufNcif;^wenf;tm; Nzifhpm;jcif;yJjzpfygw,f/
olvnf;tvm;wlyJnDrQjcif;cHNyDawmh Oyrm (=
^) yHkpHeJY&dkufxnfh&wmNzpfygw,f/
Excel’s formula awGuawmhtaNccH calculation oabm oifh&JUpm&if;wpfck[m
BumvmwmeJYtrQ &IyfaxG;vmygvdrfhr,f/
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w&m;awGudkem;vnfNyD; pm&if;wpfckudk
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t qifaNyrvJqdkwmudkrlwnfNyD; wGufcsuf&wmydkNyD;vG,fulygvdrfh
oif r,f/ atmufygyHkaoenf; cell awGukefoGm;
wJhtxdNzpfwwfygw,f/ ta&;BuD;wJhtcsdefrSm udk,fBunfhcsifwJhpm&if;av
;wpfck
oabmw&m;eJYZ,m;udkavhvmBunfhyg/ 'grSr[kwftrnfwpfckudkd
vG,fvG,f&Smcsif&ifawmh
auto filter udk oHk;ygw,f/ t&ifqHk;
acending
 23 24

taBumif;udkaNym&r,fqdk&ifawmh tu©&mpOfwmyJNzpfygw,f/ Oyrm

A to Z (or) Z to A Nzpfygw,f/  Pixel dimension
oluawmh A qdk&ifA udkyJBunfhvdkY&ayr,fhusefwJh B,C,D,etc… awGudk v nf;Nrifae&wJh
twGuftenf;i,fpdwf&Iyfapygw,f/ Auto filter uawmhfilter cHxm;wJht&mawGudkomawGU&rSm Pixel dimension ua wmh yHkt&G,ftpm;udkqdkvdkygw,f/ csdKU
camera awGu
t megapixel
NzpfNyD;usefwmawGudk awmhazsmufxm;rSmNzpfwJhtwGufydkNyD;tNrif&Sif;apygw,f/ Nzifh
azmfNyNyD;a&mif;csBuovdk awmh tcsdKUu
pixel diemension (1800 × 1200 yHkpH
)
NzifhazmfNyBuygw,f/ awmhtvsm;vdkuf
'gu pixel 1800 yg0ifNyD; a'gifvdkuf
1200 pixel yg0ifwm
Auto filter oHk;r,fqdk&ifawmht&ifqHk;
row awGxJrSm row tvGwfawGudkppfaq; &ygr,f/ udkqdkvdkygw,f/
'gudkaNrSmufvdkuf&if
1200 × 1200 = 2160000 pixel qdkawmh 2.1 megapixel
&Sd&ifvnf;zsufypf&ygr,f/
NyD;&ifawmhudk,f qGJxm;wJhZ,m;ay:rSmcell active vkyfNyD;
Data tab vdkYqdkvdkwmNzpfygw,f/
atmufrSsort & filter luncher rSfilter udka&G;yg/
'gqdk&ifcolumn wpfckpDatmufrSm auto filter
button awGay:vmygvdrfhr,f/ 'D button awGudkzGifhcsvdkuf d&dkufxm;wJhoufqdkif&m
&ifrdr data  Pixel per inch (ppi) -or- resolution
awGusvmygvdrfhr,f/ rdrdoHk;csifwJh
data udktrSefjcpfay;NyD;OK vdkuf&if&ygNyD/ auto filter ppi qdkwmuawmh wpfvufrtwGif;rSm&SdwJh pixel ta&twGuf udkqdkvdkwmNz pfygw,f/
roHk;csifvdkYNyefydwfcsif&ifawmhhudk,f
qGJxm;wJhZ,m;ay:rSmcell active vkyfNyD;Data tab atmufrS tvsm;wpfvufr? teHwpfvufr&SdwJhtuGuft wGif;rSm100 pixel (100×100 pixel) yg0ifwJhyHkudk
sort & filter luncher rS filter udkNy
efNyD;ESdyf&ygr,f/ 100 ppi &SdwJhyHkvdkY
ac:ygw,f/ xdkYaBumifh 100 ppi &SdwJhyHkwpfyHk[m wpfvufrtwGif;rSmpixel
 Freeze Pane & Hide ta&twGuf 100×100 = 10000 pixel &Sdygw,f/ ppi [m print size udktusdK;ouf
Freeze Pane uawmhpm&if;&JUac gif;pOfawGudkcsefxm;NyD; &if;awGudk
usefwJhpm
column a&mufapygw,f/ Oyrm/ /(1800×1200) &SdwJh
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300ppi Nzifh print xkwfr,fqdk&if4″×6″ size
name raysmufapyJppfaq;vdkY&wJhenf;
yJNzpfygw,f/
Column ESifh
row ESpfckvHk;udktqifaNypGm &ygr,f/ 'DvdkyJ
200ppi eJYxkwfr,fqdk&ifawmh
9″×6″ size &ygr,f/ "gwfyHkxkwf&eftwGuf
standard
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row atmufrSmrow select ay;NyD;view tab atmufrS resolution uawmh300ppi Nzpfygw,f/ atmufygZ ,m;uawmhMegapixel & resolution, ppi
window luncher xJ&Sdfreeze pane u dkzGihfNyD;rdrdvkyfrnfh
vkyfaqmif
csufudka&G;yg/ vkyfNyD;om; pwJh pepfawGeJY
print size wdkY&JUqufoG,fcsufudkazmfNyxm;ygw,f/
udkNyefazsmuf
csif&ifawmh
unfreeze pane udk a&G;yg/
Hide uawmhrdrd&JhzdkifudkcPazsmufxm;
EdkifwJhvkyfaqmifcsuf
Nzpfygw,f/Word application wpfckvHk; aysmufoGm;wmr[kwfyJrdrdvkyf
vdkufwJhzdkifwpfckyJaysmufoGm;wmNzpfygw,f/ Pixel Print Size Print Size Print Size
Megapixels
Resolution 300ppi 200 ppi 150 ppi
UNIT – 6
3 2048 x 1536 6.82'' x 5.12'' 10.24'' x 7.68'' 13.65'' x 10.24''
Understanding the Digital Photography
Introduction 4 2464 x 1632 8.21'' x 5.44'' 12.32'' x 8.16'' 16.42'' x 10.88''

Film rS digital acwfudkul;aNymif;wJhtcg

megapixel, resolution, ppi, dpi pwJhtac: 6 3008 x 2000 10.02'' x 6.67'' 15.04'' x 10.00'' 20.05'' x 13.34''

ta0:awGuddkBum;vm& ygw,f/ 'Dtac:ta0:awGeJY oabmw&m;awGudk em;vnfxm;rSom photo 8 3264 x 2448 10.88'' x 8.16'' 16.32'' x 12.24'' 21.76'' x 16.32''
editing program awGudkaumif;pGmtoHk;jyKEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/ 10 3872 x 2592 12.91'' x 8.64'' 19.36'' x 12.96'' 25.81'' x 17.28''

 Megapixel 12 4290 x 2800 14.30'' x 9.34'' 21.45'' x 14.00'' 28.60'' x 18.67''

16 4920 x 3264 16.40'' x 10.88'' 24.60'' x 16.32'' 32.80'' x 21.76''

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ao;
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xdkt pepfwuspk
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/
xdktpufawGudkpixel vdkYac:ygw,f/xdkuJhodkY
pixel ta&wGufwpfoef;&SdwJhyrmPudk
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Unsing the Photo Editing Software
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2 megapixel &Sd pixel
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aumif;ayr,fhoifupro wpfa,mufvdkr&dkufwwfbl;/oifu&dkufwwfayr,fhuifr&mu megapixel
 25 26

odyfraumif;bl;? 'gawGaumif;ayr,fh
view u"gwfyH k&dkufvdkYaumif;wJhtaetxm;r[kwfbl;? ponf image size dialog box xJrSm&SdwJh document size ae&mrSmvdkcsifwJh t&G,fudk&dkuf
NzihfNyoemawGtrsm;BuD;&
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pixel ta&twGuf[mvnf;vdkuf NyD;
u (dpi) t&rf;edrfhaer,fqdk&ifawmh
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vdkufNyD;awmhcsHKUNy
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'Denf; sifvsifNrefNrefeJYyHkwpfyHkudk
edit
xl;ygbl;/ "gwfyHkawGukdNyifqifvdkY&EdkifwJh
software awGrsm;pGm&Sdygw,f/ toHk;rsm;wJh software vkyfvdkufwJhenf;Nzpfyg
w,f/ odkYaomfvnf;yHk&JU
resolution udkrsm;pGmxdcdkufapygw, f/ yHkBuD;csJUvdkwJh
awGuawmh Corel Draw, Photoshop elemeants, Image Ready, Painshop pro, Photoshop tcgrSmvnf; 'Denf;twdkif;toHk;NyKEdkifygw,f/ HKUwmyJ
NzpfcsJUwmyJNzpfNzpf
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CS ponf jzifhrsm;pGm&Sdygw,f/ toHk;trsm;qHk;uawmh
Photoshop CS version awGyJNzpfygw,f/ CS oHk;yHkwpfyHkxufydkNy
D;awmh twdk;tavQmrvkyfoifhygbl;/ emuf'Denf;awGu
a vdkcsifwJht&G,ft
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3 taBumif;udkpwifavhvmBunfhygr,f/ vnf;wduspGmrvkyfaqmifEdkifygbl;/ tcsdKU Oyrmpaper awG[msize rSefayr,fhtcsdKUu
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awmhydkwmv dkwm&Sd
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A4 size photo paper ay:rSm 4″ x 6 ″ size awGudkwifNyD;
ul;
 Opening CS3 csifw,fqdk&ifawmh tqifraNyawmhygbl;/ 'DtcgBu&ifawmh vdkcsifoavmufudk&zdkY
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Photoshop icon udkzGihf&ygr,f/ Photoshop windows udkzGifhNyD; wJhaemuf resolution udkrysufapyJvdkcsif wmudkyJvSD;xkwfNzwfawmufBu&ygw,f/
rSmoifedit vkyfr,fhzdkifawGudk qufNyD;zGifh&ygr,f/ zGifhzdkYuawmh
file>open qdkNyD;
click vdkuf&if
dialog box usvmNyD;vdkcsifwJhzdkifawGudka&G;NyD;
open vkyfvdkuf&if
oi hf photoshop window rSmoif  Cropping image
a&G;vdkufwJhyHk
awGa&mufoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/
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aeeJYimage size option udkoHk;NyD;yHkawGudk
size
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ydkwm t&ifqHk;udkzGifh
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fawmhresolution b,favmuf &SdovJ ae&ma&mufNyD (Oyrm tv,fwnfhwnfh) qdk &ifawmh enter ESdyfyg/ 'gqdk&ifawmhoifvdkcsifwJh
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;/ odkYaomfvnf;wpfcgwpf&HrSm awmh
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awmhoHk;Edkif&ygr,f/
Height Pixels
= Height  Unsharp Mask
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focus rNywfom;yJ 0g;aewwf
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radius 0.9 pixel, threshold 1 level ponfjzifhpreview udkBunfhNyD;vdktyfovdkcsdefndSEdkifygw
 27 28

 Hue/ Saturation awGudktoHk;NyKNyD;ul;,l&ygw,f/

CD/DVD 'gudkyJ
burn w,fvdkY ac:Buwmjzpfygw,f/
Burning
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hardware taeeJU Media & Recorder awG&Sd&rSmNzpfygw,f/
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Image>Adjustments>Hue/Saturation udkwpfqifhjcif;oGm;
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saturation udk4/5 xufrydkwmuydkaumif;ygw
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> Brightness / Contrast twdkif;oGm;yg/
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CD-R/ DVD-R awGuawmh,aeYtoHk;trsm;qHk;yJNzpfygw,f/
R uawmhrecordable
tarSmif uGm[csufyJNzpfygw,f/ olYudktwdk;tavsmhvkyfr,f qdk&ifawmhvif;wJhae&muydkvif;oGm;
NyD;arSmif
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 Level Adjust
CD-RW/ DVD-RW awGuawmha&;vnf;a&;Edkifw,f? NyefNyD;
vnf;zsufNyD;vdkY&w,f/
rdrd camera &JUflash [m&dku fvdkufwJht&m0w¦KeJYa0;uGmwJhtcg
rSm tvif;a&mif tBudrfrs
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'DtcgrSmlevel adjust udkoHk;ygw,f/
Image>Adjusts>Level twdkif;oGm;yg/Level dialog box Recorder
usvmygvdrfhr,f/ t&ifwkef;uawmhhistogram vdkYac:ygw,f/ usefwmawGudkroHk;yJ
auto udkoHk;NyD; Recorder awGuawmh
disc awGay:udk
data a&;ay;EdkifwJh
drive awGyJNzpfygw,f/
OK vkyfay;vdkufyg/ Photoshop rStvdktavsmufcsdefnSday;ygvdrfhr,f/ ta&SUtcef;rSmvnf;a&;NyD;ygNyD/CD awG
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drive awGNzpf&ygr,f/
 Photo Filter Software
Photo Filter uawmh camera r Se fbDvl;a&SurSm wyfqifNyD;&dkuf&
wJhta&mifNym;av; CD/DVD awGudkburn vkyfzdkYuawmhouf qdkif&msoftware wpfckck&Sd&rSmNzpfNyD
awGjzpfygw,f/ ta&mifjym;ay:rlwnfNyD; tNyma&mif teDa&mif? vdar®mfa&mifvTrf;aewJhyHkawGudk
toHk;rsm;wmuawmhNero, Media creator & power2 go pwJhsoftware awGNzpfygw,f/
&dkuf,lEdkifygw,f/ 'Doabmw
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Nero udkoHk;NyD;
burning vkyfyHkudkazmfNyoGm;ygr,f/
Image>Adjustments> Photo Filter twdk if;oGm;yg/Photo Filter dialog box usvmygrnf/
Color udkclick NyD; ay;xm;wJh
color udkdouble click vkyfvdkuf&if
coclor menu usvmygvdrfhr,f/ Nero rSmuawmhNero Burning Rom & Nero Express qdk NyD;
tool ESpfck&Sd
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Burn wJhtcgrSmt"du vkyfaqmifcsufESpfck&Sdygw,f/
UNIT 7 1. Choosing the files & disc type
2. Adding files & folder
NERO BURNING 3. Choosing the drive
Burning uawmhtvG,faNym&&if CD ul;Ncif;yJNzpfygw,f/
Data awGudkwpfae&m 4. Burning
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CD/DVD 5. Saving, new project & exit
awGay:udkul;,lcsifwJhtcg
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CD / DVD awGay:udkul;a&;ay;r,fh
software
 29 30

yxrOD;pGm Nero software udkzG ifhNyD;wJhaemufrSmvkyfaqmif&rSm

uawmhburn csifwJh file Writing speed uvnf;ta&;ygygw,f/ yHkrSeftm;Nzifh Nero [m computer
type eJYdisc type udka&G;cs,f&rSmNzpfygw,f/ Nero Express udkzGifhvdkufwJhtcgNrif&rSmuawmhrSmwyfqifxm;wJh writer &JUmax speed udka&G;xm;NyD;Nzpfyg
w,f/ Maximum speed
Data, Music, Videos/Pictures & Image/ Project/Copy pwJhtab av;ckNzpfyg w,f/ rdrdu eJYa&;r,fqdk&ifawmh
burn csdefNrefygvdrfhr,f/ odkYaomftysuftpD; rsm;wwfygw,f/ Bum&Snfrc
data awGsoftware awGudka&; csifwmqdk&if data tab udkoGm;NyD;uvpfvdkuf&if Nero u CD eJY Burning vkyfw,fqdkwm[mwu,fawmh CD awGay:rSm 10111011, pwJhdata awGudkvdkufNyD;
burn rSmvm; DVD eJY burn rSmvm;qdkwmudkar;ygvdrfhr,f/udk
,f burn csifwJhtype udka&G;vdkufyg/ a&;Ncif;yJ Nzpfygw,f/ 'ghaBumifh
max speed eJYa&;
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Data awGusefcJhEdkifygw,f/ CD tcsdKU
tvGwfawG[m 0,fvmuwnf;uyifuGJtufae wwfygw,f/ 'Dvdkdisc rsdK;awGudkoHk; burn rd&if
'Dvdka&G;NyD;wJhtcgrSmawmh
disc content window usvmygr,f/ 'Dtay:rSmoifa&G; ae&if;eJY
CD awGuGJwwfygw,f/aemufwpfckuawmhrdrd&JU
writer [m Maximum speed taeeJY
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b,favmuf xnfhxm;vdkY&w,fqdkwJh aywHudk MB unit 48 × (7200KB/s) &Sdayr,fhtNcm
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CD qdk&if 800MB txdaygh/ odkYaomfvnf; CD awG[m700/730 MB wJhCD udkoGm;zGifhr,fqdk&if
48 × (7200KB/s) speed udkrSDatmif vdkufNyD; reading
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reading speed udktenf;qHk;speed eJYomul;
usvmygr,f/ 'Dbox xJuaeNyD;awmhudk burn csifwJhfiles awGudk select vkyfyg/NyD;&ifawmh
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button udkclick vdkufyg/ rdrd&JUzdkifawGudk
nero uolY&JU software ay:udkull;a&;ygvdrfhr,f/
NyD;&ifawmholY&JUaywHay:rSm
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csdKUdrive awGuawmhrzwfEdkifawmhygbl;/ 'Dvdka&G;xm;NyD;rSrqef YawmhwJhzdkifawG^rvdkcsifawmh
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select vkyfNyD;remove button udk
click vkyfvdkufyguz,fNyD;om;
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tm;vHk;NyD;next vkyfvdkufygu
burning setting window usv mygvdrfhrnf/ Burn setting xJrSmoifa&G;cs,f&rSmuawmh writing
drive trsdK;tpm;yJNzpfygw,f/ oifh computer rSmdrive wpfckxufydkNyD; wyfqifxm;cJh&ifawmh
oifa&;csifwJhdrive trsdK;tpm;udka&G;ay;&rSmNzpf ygw,f/ae&mrSmawmhudkay;csifwJh
Disc name
trnfudk&dkufxnfh&rSm
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vGwfxnfhxm;NyD;om;qdk&ifawmhtv dkavsmuftvkyf vkyfygvdrfhr,f/ xnfh&ao;bl;qdk&ifawmh
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eject taeeJY drive yGifhvmygr,f/ drive xJudk CD tvGwfxnfhNyD;Nyefydwfay;vdkufyg/
tvkyfqufvkyfygvdrfhr,f/

Noteworthy
Verify data on disc after burning option uawmh burn process
udkaES;auG;apygw,f/
tm;omcsufuawmhdata awGudk trSm;t
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ay;Edkifygw,f/

Allow files to be added later (Multisession Disc) option uawmh

usefwJhae&mvGwfawGu
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rm 700MBOy rSmudk,f
250MB
avmufyJa&;csifw,f/ usefwJh
space udk
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option udka&G;
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disc ay:rSm
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