Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 13:
Effects of Different
Earthquake Hazards
Disaster Readiness and Risks Reduction
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 13: Effects of Different Earthquake Hazards
First Edition, 2020

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Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 13:
Effects of Different
Earthquake Hazards
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Grade 11/12 Disaster Readiness and Risks Reduction (DRRR)
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Effects of Different Earthquake
Hazards!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 11/12 Disaster Readiness and Risks Reduction (DRRR)
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Effects of Different Earthquake
Hazards!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Earthquake clipart, www.clipartpanda.com

What I Need to Know

In this module, the learner will be able to identify earthquake potential

hazard and its effects. Ground shaking, ground rupture, tsunami,
liquefaction and earthquake induced landslide and ground subsidence are
the primary effects of earthquake.

Learning Competency

Analyze the effects of the different earthquake hazards. (DRR11/12-If-g-19)

Objective:

By the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:

a. identify the possible effects of an earthquake;

b. appreciate the importance of being ready and resilient; and
c. create a plan for an earthquake awareness program in the community.

1
 What I Know

Before you proceed to study this module let’s find out first how much you
already know about the topic.

Direction: Answer the questions below by shading the letter of the best
answers on the answer sheet provided.

A B C D
1. You pass a street, and then you feel the trembling of the
ground due to a passing cargo truck. It is also the most
familiar effect of earthquake, what is it?
A. Ground Rupture C. Landslide
B. Ground Shaking D. Tsunami
2. What is an effect of earthquake when the soil rises to the
surface and loses its rigidity for a short time?
A. Fire C. Landslide
B. Ground Shaking D. Liquefaction
3. The strength of ground shaking is measured in terms of the
following except
A. Accelartion C. Frequency
B. Duration D. Probability
4. A noticeable rise and fall of _________ is one of the natural sign
of an approaching local tsunami.
A. fire C. water pressure
B. ground D. waves
5. If earthquake depends on magnitude, the strength of
tsunami depends on_________?
A. Length of tsunami C. Number of waves of tsunami
B. Depth tsunami D. Height of tsunami
6. Your house was near the shoreline, to prevent the hazard
caused by tsunami, you should be aware of its signs. Which of
the following is not a natural sign of impending tsunami?
A. Hear an unusual roaring sound.
B. Ocean water disappear from beach, bay, river
C. Severe ground shaking
D. Thunderstorm
7. Which of the following instruments is used to detect and
record the earthquakes?
A. Anemometer C. Seismograph

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 B. Doppler D. Thermometer
8. A disruptive up-down and sideways movement or motion
experienced during an earthquake is called ______.
A. Earthquake induced landslide C. Liquefaction
B. Ground Shaking D. Tsunami
9. The following are preparedness to do during an earthquake
except
A. Stay calm
B. Keep running
C. Do the duck, cover and hold.
D. If outdoors, move away from buildings and streetlights.
10. What is the difference between intensity and magnitude of an
earthquake?
A. There is no difference between intensity and magnitude.
B. Intensity measures energy while magnitude measures the
strength of an earthquake.
C. Intensity is based on the strength relative to the effect to
people or structure while magnitude is based on
information derived from instruments.
D. Intensity is based on information derived on instruments
while magnitude is based on the strength relative to the
effect to people or structure.

How is it? Do you manage well? To know your background in this topic,
check your answers in the Answer Key on page 22. If all your answers are
correct, excellent! These indicate that you already know much about the
topics in this module. You may still study the module to review what you
already know. Who knows, you might learn a few more new things as well. If
you got a low score, don’t feel sad. This means that this module is for you. It
will help you to understand some important concepts that you can apply in
your daily life. If you study this module carefully, you will learn the answers
to all the items in the test and a lot more! Are you ready?

You may now go to the next page to begin the next lesson.

3
 What’s In

On the previous lesson you learned the different parts of an earthquake and
various potential earthquake hazards. Earthquake is considered as one of
geologic hazards. It is a natural phenomenon that can occur in different
parts of the world. It is considered as one of the most disastrous phenomena
as it can kill thousands of people in a glance. In a record, the deadliest
earthquake happened last January 23, 1556 at Shensi, China where the
magnitude 8 earthquake recorded about 830,000 deaths. On December 26,
2004 at Sumatra, Indonesia, the 9.1 magnitude earthquake recorded about
227,898 deaths, and on January 12, 2010 at Haiti a 7.0 magnitude
earthquake recorded about 222,570 deaths. We are always warned by the
Department of Science and Technology- Philippines Institute of Volcanology
and Seismology (DOST-PHILVOCS) about the possible coming of “The Big
One”, the question is what are the possible effects of an earthquake once it
strikes the country? In this module you will able to identify earthquake
potential hazard and its effects and identify the different earthquake related
hazards that can affect your home and/or community.

Activity No 1: Anatomy of an Earthquake

Label the diagram below, be guided with the definition.

5.
2.

4.

1.

3.

Anatomy of Earthquake (online image), jasearthquakes.weebly.com

4
 What’s New

Activity 2: Dangerous Alarm!

Read the article and answer the question below.

Justine was a call center agent. He worked in 17 th floor of a huge building

located in Makati. Thousands of employees including Justine had an
ordinary day doing their jobs. Suddenly, everything changed, the huge
building began to rumble and swing. Alarmed people headed for the exits.
Justine had seen on the television that building started to crack and bridges
started to fall. Rivers changed their paths. Mountains and cliffs caused
landslides that covered up the houses and roads. Electricity and
communication lines were downed. There was also a report that giant waves
were seen near seashores that caused floods.

Questions:

1. The word alarmed probably means that people felt?

___________________

2. What disaster did Justine experience? ___________________

3. Which of the following was caused by the sudden movement of the

ground?(put a check mark)

____landslide
____falling rocks/rockslide
____sunburn
____fires from the broken lines
____ buildings and bridges fall
____tornados
____tsunami
____typhoon
____rivers changes their paths

4. What makes an earthquake so dangerous?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

5
 Activity No 3: Let’s See

The following are some pictures taken after an earthquake. Your task is to
describe hazards effects after an earthquake strikes based on the pictures.

No Picture Hazards
1

Source: Damaged Church (Online Image), Retrieved May 30,

2020, https://amp.rappler.com/video4142-after-the-quake-
shows-damage-in-cebu-city

Source: Fires started by broken gas lines (Online Image) 2018,

Retrieved May 30, 2020,
https://images.app.goo.gl/bLZ7DGkXWdbXQsL89

Source: Fault scarp by North Bohol (Online Image).n.d.,

Retrieved May 30, 2020,
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earth
quake-hazards

6
4

Source: Infographic: Liquefaction Potential Map Metro Manila

(Online Image) 2015, Retrieved May 30, 2020,
http://www.philstar.com/tags/liquefaction

Source: Earthquake-induced rockslide (Online Image) n.d.,

Retrieved May 30, 2020,
https://www.philvolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/landslide/introducti
on-to-landslide

7
 What is It

Potential Earthquake Hazards

1. Ground Shaking
Definitions: disruptive up,
down and sideways vibration
or movement of the ground
during an earthquake. (DOST-
PHIVOLCS,N.d.)

Effects: Damage, falling or

collapse structure resulted by
shaking of grounds. Ground
shaking is a hazard created by
earthquakes and at the same
time it can also be triggered for
Source: Hyatt Terraces Hotel (Online Image) n.d., Retirved May
other hazard such as 30, 2020,
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earth
liquefaction, landslide and quake-hazards
fires.

Ground shaking is measured in terms of the following:

a. Velocity
b. Acceleration
c. Frequency
d. Duration

2. Ground Rupture/ Ground Displacement

Definition: deformation on
the ground that marks the
intersection of the fault with
the earth’s surface (DOST-
PHIVOLCS,n.d.)
Ruptures occur along zones
of weakness, such as
preexisting faults or
fractures.
Effects: fissuring,
displacement of the ground
due to movement of the fault. Ground rupture caused by 6.5 magnitude earthquake Leyte
last July 6, 2017
Source: Gasoline tank pops out (Online Image), Retrieved May 30,
2020, https://image.app.goo.gl/fb9Qi4nFs1V3Tfmp9

8
 Characteristics of Ground Rupture
a. Length- It depends on the magnitude of an earthquake. Earthquake
with 6.5 magnitudes and above will result to larger rupture.
b. Width- deformation along the length of ground rupture also largely
depend on the type of faulting

Two type of Ground Ruptures

a. Vertical Displacement- occurs when one side of the ground goes up

or down or both sides move with one side going up and the other
going down.
b. Horizontal Displacement- happens when there is lateral movement
from side to side; one side goes to left or right or both moves sideways
in different directions.

3. Liquefaction
Definitions:
transformation of the
behavior of a body of
sediments or soil
form to liquid form.
(DOST-PHIVOLCS,n.d.).
It is a process caused
by water pressure
which makes soil
more compact. It
Source:https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/
decreases the ground’s ability
earthquake/earthquake-hazards
to support structures.
Effect: sinking and/or titling of structure above it; sand boil; fissuring

4. Tsunami
Definition: series of
waves caused by an
earthquake under the
sea. (DOST-PHIVOLCS,n.d.).
Wave’s height could be
greater than 5 meters.
It is also known as
tidal waves.
Effect: flooding,
Source:https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/
coastal erosion; earthquake/earthquake-hazards
drowning of people
and damage to properties

9
A tsunami event in the country happened last August 17, 1976, where a
magnitude 7.9 earthquake in Moro Gulf produced up to 9-meter high
tsunamis that devastated the southwest coast of Mindanao and left more
than 3,000 people dead and at least 1,000 people are missing (DOST-
PHIVOLCS,n.d.).

5. Earthquake-induced
landslide
Definition: down slope
movements of rocks
and other debris
commonly triggered by
strong shaking. It may
include soil, debris,
and/ or rocks. (DOST-
PHIVOLCS,n.d.).
It may include soil,
debris and or rocks.
Rockslide at Brgy. Conalum, Argao, Cebu last
October 2013 during 7.2 magnitude Bohol
Effect: erosion, burial Earthquake
Source:https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/
and blockage of road earthquake/earthquake-hazards
and rivers

6. Earthquake-Induced ground subsidence

Definition: It is the sinking or settling of the ground surface due to
various causes, such as extraction of ground water and natural gas,
mining and earthquakes (DOST-PHIVOLCS, n.d.).

Effects: ground subsides; the structures on the surface can tilt or

collapse due to weakened foundation.

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 What’s More

Activity No 4: Earthquake Experience

A. For those students with internet access. Search the internet for any
article/ material about a major earthquake occurrence in your area or
nearby areas.
B. For those students with no internet access. Interview any adult in
your household or any one in your neighborhood who has experienced
earthquake or you may have at least 2 newspaper clippings about an
earthquake.
C. Have a summary of your interview or research; be guided with the
following questions.

Questions

1. When did this earthquake happen? Date and Time (if possible).What
were the magnitude, intensity and epicenter location (if possible)?
2. What did you feel during the earthquake?
3. What did you do during the earthquake?
4. What did you do after the earthquake?
5. What are the effects of the earthquake based on your experience?
6. Why these earthquake events remarkable?

Activity No 5: Think about this!

For each earthquake hazard, name two possible effects to the ground and to
the structure.
Effects
Earthquake
Hazard Ground Structure

a. __________________ a. __________________
1. Ground rupture
b. __________________ b. __________________

2. Ground shaking a. __________________ a. __________________

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 b. __________________ b. __________________

a. __________________ a. __________________
3. Liquefaction
b. __________________ b. __________________

a. __________________ a. __________________
4. Tsunami
b. __________________ b. __________________

a. __________________ a. __________________
5. Earthquake-
induced
b. __________________ b. __________________
landslide-
a. __________________ a. __________________
6. Earthquake-
Induced ground
b. __________________ b. __________________
subsidence

Activity No 6: Investigation a Local Area’s Earthquake Hazards

Go around your house and community. Observe and recognize unsafe areas
or hazards that may lead to accidents when an earthquake strikes. Make
your descriptions specific as to why you identify the area as unsafe.
Complete the table below to show your observations.

Example:

Unsafe area Observations Why it is unsafe?

Example :
Electricity lines were It can fall and caused
Electricity lines and not properly installed fire when an
street lights and have weak earthquake strikes.
foundation.

1.

2.

3.

4.

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 5.

What I Have Learned

1. Earthquake has the following potential hazards: Ground shaking,

ground rupture, tsunami, liquefaction and earthquake induced
landslide and ground subsidence

2. Ground shaking is disruptive up, down and sideways vibration or

movement of the ground during an earthquake.

3. Ground Rupture/ Ground Displacement is a deformation on the

ground that marks the intersection of the fault with the earth’s surface.

4. Liquefaction is losing of soil particles because of water pressure.

5. Tsunami is series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake under

the sea.

6. Earthquake-induced landslide is a down slope movement of rocks and

other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking. It may include soil,
debris, and/ or rocks.

7. Earthquake-Induced ground subsidence is the sinking or settling of

the ground surface.

What I Can Do

Activity No 1: Let’s Try This: Community Preparation for Earthquakes

A. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

(NDRRMC) always conduct a Nationwide Earthquake Drills. This drill
was conducted simultaneously in schools, establishments, government
and non-government offices. Design a plan about a program in your

13
 community which aims to teach the residents what to do before, during
and after an earthquake. Include the following components:

I. Title of the Program

II. Objectives

III. List of Activities

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Direction: Answer the questions below by shading the letter of the best
answers on answer sheet provided.

A B C D
1. If ground shaking is vibration or movement of the ground
during an earthquake, how about liquefaction?
A. Magma rises to the surface.
B. The soil behaves like liquid.
C. The ground behaves like liquid.
D. Buildings are damaged, crumbling like liquid.

2. What is a large ocean wave that result from an underwater

earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption?
A. Aftershock C. Seismic Gap

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 B.Liquefaction D. Tsunami
3. What is the temporary state in which loose soil and rock
materials take on the property of a liquid?
A. Aftershock C. Seismic Gap
B. Liquefaction D. Tsunami

4. What is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger

earthquake?
A. Aftershock C. Seismic Gap
B. Liquefaction D. Tsunami

5. Waves created by earthquakes that travel through earth’s

interior and along earth’s surface are called_____.
A. energy waves C. sound waves
B. light waves D. seismic waves

6. It is a potential hazard that can also triggered for other

hazard such as liquefaction, landslide and fires.
A. Ground Rupture C. Landslide
B. Ground Shaking D. Tsunami

7. What is the difference between vertical and horizontal

displacement?
A. Vertical Displacement happens when one side of the
ground goes up or down or both sides while Horizontal
Displacement happens when there is lateral movement
from side to side.
B. Vertical Displacement happens when there is lateral
movement from side to side while Horizontal Displacement
occurs when one side of the ground goes up or down or
both sides
C. Both A and B are correct
D. Both A and B are incorrect

8. The following are quick preparedness to do after an

earthquake except
A. Check you surrounding.
B. Obey public safety procedure.
C. Use elevators instead of stairs to escape a building.
D. If you’re inside a structure, take the fastest and safest
way out.

9. It can cause buildings to collapse, divide roads and displaced

pattern of rice fields_____.
A. Ground Rupture C. Landslide

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 B. Ground Shaking D. Tsunami
10. It is an effect of earthquake hazard that causes erosion,
burial and blockage of road and rivers.
A. Ground Rupture C. Landslide
B. Ground Shaking D. Tsunami

11. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. I should go to the shore to watch a tsunami.
B. I should stay away from buildings when there is ground
shaking.
C. I should use elevator to escape the building during
earthquake.
D. I should stay near trees and powerlines during ground
rupture.

12. PHIVOLCS stand for _____?

A. Philippines Institute of Volcanoes and Seismology
B. Philippines Instrument of Volcanology and Seismology
C. Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
D. Philippines Institute of Volcanoes and Seismic

13. Earthquakes are common in the Philippines because it is

located in _________.
A. Southeast Asia
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Pacific Ring of Fire
D. Earthquake Prone Area

14. Which of the following is not an earthquake-induced

hazard?
A. Landslide
B. Tsunami
C. Ground displacement
D. Typhoon

15. Who among Jay, Ann, Ruth and Locke did the wrong thing
during an earthquake?
A. Jay is outside. He takes shelter under trees, powerlines
and posts.
B. Ann is in shoreline. She runs away from the shore toward
higher ground.
C. Ruth is inside the building. She uses the stairs to
get out.
D. Locke is inside the car. He avoids crossing the bridges
and overpass.

16
Take your time 

Compare your answers with the Answer Key found on page 22. If your score
is 7 or above, well done! You have learned about the different effects of an
earthquake. You may already proceed to the next lesson. If your score is 6 or
below, you need to review this lesson before proceeding to the next lesson.

Additional Activities

A. The Philippines is situated in a tectonically active region called “Pacific

Ring of Fire” where numerous earthquakes occur. Averages of 20
earthquakes are recorded daily in the country. However, most of these are
unfelt and can only be detected by an instrument called SEISMOGRAPH.
As a disaster advocate student what are the things that you can
contribute to possibly minimize risk of disaster caused by earthquake in
your home and school.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

17
B. Make a short essay (10-15 sentences) about “Being Ready and Resilient”.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

18
 Answer Key

WHAT’S
Activity
What I Know IN : 6,
5 and Activity
answersNo 2 WHAT’S
What’s IN : Activity No 3
Assessment
New
may vary Activity No :1
1. The
1. people felt afraid 1.
B 1.1. Church
A
Fault 10. C
collapsed
and
2. D scary 2. Buildings/
2. D 11. B
houses
2. Earthquake 2. Epicenter
3. D 3. burns
B 12. C
3. Landslide, falling rocks, 3.4. Focus
A 13. C
4.
fires,D buildings and 3. Ground rupture or
4.5. Plates
D 14. D
5. A fall, tsunami and
bridges 5.6. displaced
Seismic
B waves
15. A
6. D change their path
rivers 4.7. Land
A liquefies
4.7.It can
C caused large 5.8. Landslide
C
damaged
8. A to properties 9. A
and
9. C lives
10. C

19
References:

Basilica Del Sto. Niño [online image].(October 16, 201). Retrieved May 30,
2020, https://amp.rappler.com/video4142-after-the-quake-shows-
damage-in-cebu-city

Stefan W. Cramer, “Earthquake” in the United Church of Christ of the

Philippines Disaster Management, 1991, Quezon City: Witness and
Service Desk, UCCP.

Earthquake and its Hazard., A Flyer Pdf file, November 2015, Department of
Science and Technology-Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (DOST-PHILVOLCS)

Earthquake and Earthquake Hazards, A Power Point Presentation,

Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology (DOST-PHILVOLCS)( n.d)..,

Fires started by broken gas lines [online image]. (n.d.) Retrieved May 30,
2020, fromhttps://images.app.goo.gl/bLZ7DGkXWdbXQsL89

Ground Rupture [online image]. July 09, 2017, Retrieved May 30, 2020,
https://image.app.goo.gl/fb9Qi4nFs1V3Tfmp9

Liquefaction Hazard Map of Metro Manila [map]. (n.d). Philippines Institute of

Volcanology and Seismology. Retrieved May 31, 2020,
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