KATHIR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi / Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
Coimbatore – 641062

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

LABORATORY RECORD

BA5211 – DATA ANALYSIS & BUSINESS MODELING

Name : _______________________________

Register No. : _______________________________

Semester : _______________________________

Academic Year : _______________________________

1
 KATHIR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi / Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
Coimbatore – 641062

NAME : ___________________________________

REGISTER NO. : ___________________________________

DEPARTMENT : ___________________________________

This is certified to be a bonafide record of work done by the above student in the
BA5211-DATA ANALYSIS & BUSINESS MODELING Laboratory during the year 2020
-2021.

Signature of Lab – in – Charge Signature of Head of Department

Submitted for the Practical Examination held on: _________________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

2
 CONTENTS

Exp. Page Initial of

Name of the Experiment Exp Date Marks
No No. Faculty

1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
- UNI VARIATE
FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION (SPSS)

3 BIVARIATE FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION (SPSS)

4 HYPOTHESIS
PARAMETRIC – ONE WAY
ANOVA

5 T-TEST & F-TEST – TWO

SAMPLE MEAN & TWO
SAMPLE VARIANCE
USING SPSS

6 NON PARAMETRIC TEST –

CHI SQUARE TEST

7 MANN- WHITNEY U TEST

USING SPSS

8 KRUSKAL – WALLS H-
TEST

9 KARL PEARSON’S &

SPEARMAN’S RANK
CORRELATION

3
 CONTENTS

Exp. Page Initial of

Name of the Experiment Exp Date Marks
No No. Faculty

10 REGRESSION

11 FORECASTING

12 FORECASTING - USING
EXPONENTIAL
SMOOTHING WITH TREND

13 PORTFOLIO SELECTION

14 RISK AND SENSITIVITY

ANALYSIS

15 REVENUE MANAGEMENT

16 BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS

17 TRANSPORTATION

18 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
19 NETWORKING MODELS -
CPM

20 NETWORKING MODELS -
PERT

21 QUEUING ANALYSIS

22 BASIC EOQ

23 EOQ WITH QUARTERLY

DISCOUNT

4
 Exp No.: 1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Date:

Aim:
To find the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, range, variance for the given data
Procedure:

 Click →Start →All Programs→MS Office→Microsoft Excel.

 Enter the given data in the Excel Spreadsheet from A2 to A16.
 To find Mean, select D5, choose More Functions → Statistics→ AVERAGE. In open
window enter the range of data’s as A2:A16. Then click Enter.
 To find Median, select D6, choose More Functions → Statistics→ MEDIAN. In open
window enter the range of data’s as A2:A16. Then click Enter.
 To find Mode, select D7, choose More Functions → Statistics→ MODE. In open window
enter the range of data’s as A2:A16. Then click Enter.
 To find Range, select D8, enter the formula, =MAX(A2:A16)-MIN(A2:A16). Then press
enter.
 To find Variance, select D9, choose More Functions → Statistics→ VAR. In open window
enter the range of data’s as A2:A16. Then click Enter.
 To find Standard Deviation, select D10, choose More Functions → Statistics→ STDEV. In
open window enter the range of data’s as A2:A16. Then click Enter.

Formula:

Mean = AVERAGE(A2:A16)
Median = MEDIAN(A2:A16)
Range = MAX(A2:A16)-MIN(A2:A16)
Standard Deviation = STDEV(A2:A16)
Variance = VAR(A2:A16)
Mode = MODE(A2:A16)

5
 OUTPUT

Result:

Thus mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, Variance has been found for the given
data.

6
 Exp No.: 2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Date:
AIM
UNI VARIATE FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION (USING SPSS)

AIM
ESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
To prepare a Univariate Frequency Distribution for the given data using SPSS.

ALGORITHM

STEP 1:

Start the SPSS software by clicking Start → All Programs→ SPSS Statistics. In the SPSS Statistics
screen choose ‘Type in data’ and click OK. In the SPSS Data Editor window choose the option
‘Variable View’ and enter the name as ’MARKS’ then select the option ‘Data View’ to enter the
marks.

STEP 2:

In the SPSS Data Editor window, choose Transform→ Recode into Different Variables then in
the Recode into Different Variables dialog box, select the variable name and Click on ► to transfer it
into the Input Variable → Output Variable box after that type Frequency in the Name box
similarly type ‘FRE’ in the label box and click the option Change.

STEP 3:

Click Old and New Values…. to open the Recode into Different Variables: Old and New Values
Dialog box. In that dialog box, select the Range box and type ’0’ and in the through box type ’10’.
Select the Output variables are strings box and type ‘10’ in the Width box .Also type ’0.0-10.0’ in
the box for New Value then click Add.

STEP 4:

Repeat the actions of Step 3 until all the ranges are set as shown in the following Dialog box. Then
click Continue to return to the Recode into Different Variables dialog box, and the same way click
OK to return to the SPSS Data Editor window.

7
STEP 5:

In the SPSS Data Editor window, choose Analyze → Descriptive Statistics → Frequencies…. to
open the Frequencies dialog box

STEP 6:

In the Frequencies dialog box, select the variable name ‘Frequency’ and click on ► to transfer it
into the Variables: box, and then click OK to view the output.

8
OUTPUT:

RESULT: Thus the Univariate Frequency Distribution is prepared by using SPSS software.

9
 Exp No.: 3 BIVARIATE FREQUENCY Date:
DISTRIBUTION(SPSS)

.AIM:

To prepare a Bi-Variate Frequency Distribution for the given data using SPSS.

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1:

Start the SPSS software by clicking Start → All Programs→ SPSS Statistics. In the SPSS Statistics
screen choose ‘Type in data’ and click OK. In the SPSS Data Editor Window choose the option
Variable View and type the name “Height” as well as “Weight” then select the option ‘Data View’ to
enter heights and weights.

STEP 2:

After entering the datas choose Transform →Recode into Different Variables dialog box

STEP 3:

In the Recode into Different Variables dialog box, select the variable name Height and Click on ►
to transfer it into the Input Variable → Output Variable: box. Type ‘FREQUENCY’ in the Name
box and type ‘FRE1’ in the label box then click the option Change.

Similarly select the variable name Weight and Click on ► to transfer it into the Input Variable →
Output Variable: box. Type ‘FREQUENCY’ in the Name box and type ‘FRE2’ in the label box then
click the option Change.

STEP 4:

Click on Old and New Values…. to open the Recode into Different Variables: Old and New
Values Dialog box. In tat dialog box, select the Range: box and type ’100’ as well as type ‘120’ in the
through box. Select the Output variables are strings box and type ‘10’ in the Width: box. Also type
’100-120’ in the box for New Value then click Add. Repeat the same actions untill all the ranges are
set for the heights.

STEP 5:

10
 Select the Range: box and type ’40’ as well as ’50’ in the through box. Select the Output variables
are strings box and type ‘10’ in the Width: box and also type ’40-50’ in the box for New Value then
click Add. Repeat the same actions untill all the ranges are set for the Weights.

STEP 6:

Click Continue to return to the Recode into Different Variables dialog box, and then click OK to
return to the SPSS Data Editor window.

STEP 7:

In the SPSS Data Editor window, choose Analyze→Descriptive Statistics→Crosstabs. In the

Crosstabs window select FRE1 in row and FRE2 in the column and then click Ok to view the output.

OUTPUT:

11
 Exp No.: 4 HYPOTHESIS - PARAMETRIC Date:

ONE WAY ANOVA USING SPSS

AIM:

To test the significant difference between several means.

X1 X2 X3 X4

8 12 18 13

10 11 12 9

12 9 16 12

8 14 6 16

7 4 8 15

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1 :

Start the SPSS software by clicking Start → All Programs→ SPSS Statistics. In the SPSS Statistics
screen choose ‘Type in data’ and click OK. In the SPSS Data Editor Window choose the option
Variable View and type the name “Treatment” as well as “Count” then select the option ‘Data View’ to
enter Treatment and Counts.

STEP 2:

After entering the data Choose Analyze → Compare Means → One-way Anova to open the one way
Anova dialog box.

STEP 3:

Select the variable name “count” and click on ► to transfer it into Factor: box and select the variable
names “treatment” and click on ► to transfer it into Dependent list: box and then click OK.

12
13
OUTPUT:

RESULT:

There is no significant difference between the treatments. Hence we accept our hypothesis.

14
Exp No.: 5 T-TEST & F-TEST – TWO SAMPLE MEAN Date:
& TWO SAMPLE VARIANCE USING SPSS

AIM:

To test the significant difference between two schools using SPSS.

School A 76 68 70 43 94 68 33
School B 40 48 92 85 70 76 68

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1:

Start the SPSS software by clicking Start → All Programs→ SPSS Statistics. In the SPSS Statistics
screen choose ‘Type in data’ and click OK. In the SPSS Data Editor Window choose the option
Variable View and type the name “Marks” and “Count” then select the option ‘Data View’ to enter the
marks of school A & B.

STEP 2:

Choose Data → Weight Cases to open the weight cases dialogue box. Click ► to transfer the count into
frequency variable then click OK.

STEP 3:

Choose Analyze → Compare Means → Independent Samples T Test to open the Independent Sample
T Test dialogue box.

STEP 4:

Click ► to transfer Marks into Test Variable(s) and Count into Grouping Variable. Select options in the
same dialogue box to fix Confidence Interval Percentage and click Continue to go back to the Independent
Samples T Test dialogue box.

STEP 5:

Select the option Define Groups in the same dialogue box to enter the specified group values as 1 and 2
then click Continue to go back to the Independent Samples T Test dialogue box.

15
STEP 6:

Click OK to view the output.

Output:

Std. Std. Error

Count N Mean Deviation Mean

Marks 1.00 8 64.0000 21.42762 7.57581

2.00 14 68.4286 18.04147 4.82178

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality

of Variances

F Sig.

Marks Equal variances .638 .434

assumed

Equal variances not

assumed

16
 Independent Samples Test

t-test for Equality of Means

Sig. (2- Mean

t df tailed) Difference

Marks Equal variances -.518 20 .610 -4.42857

assumed

Equal variances not -.493 12.698 .630 -4.42857

assumed

Independent Samples Test

t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence Interval of

the Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper

Marks Equal variances 8.55130 -22.26627 13.40913

assumed

Equal variances not 8.98011 -23.87593 15.01879

assumed

RESULT:

There is a significant difference between two sample mean.

There is a significant difference between two sample Variance.

17
Exp No.: 6 NON PARAMETRIC TEST Date:

CHI SQUARE TEST

AIM:

To test the association between national healthcare employees and region using SPSS.

North South West

Central Total
East East Coast
Number
who
prefer 68 75 57 79 279
Sample present
response method
concerning
Number
review
who
schedule
prefer 32 45 33 31 141
for
new
national
method
healthcare
employees
Total
employees
sampled 100 120 90 110 420
in each
region

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1:

Start the SPSS software by clicking Start → All Programs→ SPSS Statistics. In the SPSS Statistics
screen choose ‘Type in data’ and click OK. In the SPSS Data Editor Window choose the option
Variable View and type the name “Data”,“Sample”& “Region” then select the option Data View to enter
the datas.

STEP 2:

Choose Data → Weight Cases to open the weight cases dialogue box. Click ► to transfer the data into
frequency variable then click OK.

18
STEP 3:

Choose Analyze → Descriptive → Cross Tabs to open the cross tabs dialogue box. Click ► Sample to
Rows and Region to Columns.

STEP 4:

Select the option Statistics to open cross tabs : Statistics box . Select Chi Square Test and click
Continue to return back to cross tabs dialogue box.

STEP 5:

Click Ok to view the output.

19
OUTPUT:

Result: There is no association between national healthcare employees and region. Hence we accept our
hypothesis H0.

20
 Exp No.: 7 MANN- WHITNEY U TEST USING SPSS Date:

AIM:

To test the difference between two branch A& S using SPSS.

CAT Branch
scores 1000 1100 800 750 1300 950 1050 1250 1400 850 1150 1200 1500 600 775
A
for
students at
two state
university Branch
920 1120 830 1360 650 725 890 1600 900 1140 1550 550 1240 925 500
branches S

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1:

Start the SPSS software by clicking Start → All Programs→ SPSS Statistics. In the SPSS Statistics
screen choose ‘Type in data’ and click OK. In the SPSS Data Editor Window choose the option
Variable View and type the name “Branches” & “Count” then select the option Data View to feed the
data’s.

STEP 2:

Choose Analyze → Non Parametric Test → Legacy Dialogs →2 Independent Samples to open the
Two Independent Sample test dialogue box. Click ► Branches to Test Variable List Column & and Click
► Count to Grouping Variable.

STEP 3:

Select Define Groups and enter 1 under group 1 and 2 under group 2 then click Continue to return back
to Two Independent Sample test dialogue box.

STEP 4:

Select the option Mann Whitney U Test and click Ok to view the output.

21
Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Mean Sum of
Count N Rank Ranks

Branches 1.00 15 16.47 247.00

2.00 15 14.53 218.00

Total 30

22
 Test Statisticsb

Branches

Mann-Whitney U 98.000

Wilcoxon W 218.000

Z -.601

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .548

Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed .567a

Sig.)]

a. Not corrected for ties.

b. Grouping Variable: Count

RESULT:

There is no significant difference between two branches A& S. Hence we accept our hypothesis.

23
Exp No.: 8 KRUSKAL – WALLS H-TEST Date:
R

AIM:

To perform the non parametric Kruskal – Wallis test.

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1:

Analyze > Nonparametric Tests > Legacy Dialogs > K Independent Samples

STEP 2:

Transfer the dependent variable, into the Test Variable List: box and the independent variable, into
the Grouping Variable: box.

STEP 3:

Click the Define Range button. "Several Independent Samples: Define Range" dialogue box will open.

STEP 4:

Enter the Minimum and Maximum values in the box. These values represent the range of codes given to
groups of the independent variable

STEP 5:

Click the Continue button and return to the "Tests for Several Independent Samples" dialogue box, with a
completed Grouping Variable: box.

STEP 6:

Click the Options button. "Several Independent Samples: Options" dialogue box will open.

STEP 7:

Select the Descriptive checkbox for descriptives and/or the Quartiles checkbox for medians and quartiles.

STEP 8:

Click the Continue button and return to the "Tests for Several Independent Samples" dialogue box.

24
STEP 9:

Click the OK button to generate the results.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The hypothesis non-parametric test obtained using SPSS.

25
Exp No.: 9 KARL PEARSON’S & SPEARMAN’S RANK Date:
CORRELATION

AIM

To find the Karl Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank correlation using SPSS

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1:

Start the SPSS software by clicking Start → All Programs→ SPSS Statistics. In the SPSS Statistics
screen choose ‘Type in data’ and click OK. In the SPSS Data Editor Window choose the option
Variable View and type the name “X” & “Y” then select the option Data View to feed the data’s.

STEP 2:

Select Analyze → Correlate → Bivariate to open the Bivariate Correlation dialog box then click ► X &
Y to transfer into variables box.

STEP 3:

Choose the option Pearson & Spearman and click Ok to view the output.

26
OUTPUT:

Correlations

x y

x Pearson 1 -.739**
Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .009

N 11 11

y Pearson -.739** 1
Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .009

N 11 11

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level

(2-tailed).

27
NONPAR CORR

/VARIABLES=x y

/PRINT=SPEARMAN TWOTAIL NOSIG

/MISSING=PAIRWISE.

Correlations

x y

Spearman's rho x Correlation 1.000 -.936**

Coefficient

Sig. (2-tailed) . .000

N 11 11

y Correlation -.936** 1.000

Coefficient

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .

N 11 11

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

RESULT:

Thus the Karl Pearson & Spearman Rank correlation is prepared using SPSS.

28
 Exp No.: 10 REGRESSION USING SPSS Date:

AIM
To calculate the regression for the given data using SPSS.

Experience 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Income 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000

ALGORITHM

STEP 1:

Start the SPSS software by clicking Start → All Programs→ SPSS Statistics. In the SPSS Statistics

screen choose ‘Type in data’ and click OK. In the SPSS Data Editor Window choose the option

Variable View and type the name “Experience” and “Income” then select the option ‘Data View’.

STEP 2:

Select Analyze → Regression → Linear to open the Linear Regression dialogue box.

STEP 3:

Click ►Experience to the Dependent box and Income to the Independent box.

STEP 4:

Click OK to view the output.

29
30
Output:

RESULT: Thus Regression has been prepared using SPSS.

31
 Exp No.: 11 FORECASTING Date:

The number of Pepsi at a department over a 9 day period as follows

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Sales 25 31 29 33 34 37 35 32 38

i). Forecast the sales for tenth day using Naïve method.

ii). If a two period moving average had been used to forecast sales, what would be the daily
forecast have been starting with the forecast for day 2.

iii). If a three period moving average had been used to forecast sales, what would be the daily
forecast have been starting with the forecast for day 3.

iv). If a four period moving average had been used to forecast sales, what would be the daily
forecast have been starting with the forecast for day 4.

v). Use three period weighted moving average with w1=0.2, w2=0.3 and w3=0.5 and forecast sales
for 7th and 8th day.

vi). Use exponential moving average with alpha equal to 0.20 to forecast the sales for tenth day.

32
Aim:-

To calculate 2 day, 3 day, 4 day average, 3 period weighted average and exponential moving
average for the given data.

Procedure:-

 Tenth day sale = nineth day sales(38)

 To find two day average, type =AVERAGE(B2:B3) in the cell C3. (starts from 2nd day).
Then type, =AVERAGE(B3:B4) in the cell C4, repeat the process for the remaining days.
 To find three day average, type =AVERAGE(B2:B4) in the cell D4. (starts from 3rd day).
Then type, =AVERAGE(B3:B5) in the cell D5, repeat the process for the remaining days.
 To find four day average, type =AVERAGE(B2:B5) in the cell E5. (starts from 4th day).
Then type, =AVERAGE(B3:B6) in the cell E6, repeat the process for the remaining days.
 To find 3 period weighted average for 7th day and 8th day, type =0.2*B5+0.3*B6+0.5*B7 in
F8 and =0.2*B6+0.3*B7+0.5*B8 in F9 respectively.
 To find Exponential Moving Average, for first day 25(given) in G2. For second day, type
=(B3*0.2)+(G2*(1-0.2)) in G3. Where B3 is current sales of that day and G2 is previous
day exponential moving average. Continue for all remaining days.

33
 OUTPUT

Result:-

Thus the given problem is solved and solution is verified.

34
 Exp No.: 12 FORECASTING Date:

USING EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING

WITH TREND

AIM

To calculate the exponential smoothing of the given values using the software package POM.

ALGORITHM

STEP 1: Start the program.

STEP 2: Open the POM application.

STEP 3: Open “Time series forecasting” from the module menu.

STEP 4: Now the “Time series forecasting” window appears.

STEP 5: Give the suitable title.

STEP 6: Enter the number of periods as 12.

STEP 7: Select the exponential smoothing as forecasting method.

STEP 8: Set the parameter as smoothing beginning forecast for period 1=450.

STEP 9: Enter the following period and sales.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
450 345 545 650 760 600 550 450 400 700 800 820

STEP 10: Click on solve to view the result.

STEP 11: Save the program and exit.

STEP 12: Stop the process.

35
Output:

*** EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING WITH TREND FORECASTING ***

-----------------------------------------------------
PROBLEM NAME: Untitled
-----------------------------------------------------
Sales Sales ABSOLUTE
PERIOD ACTUAL FORECAST ERROR
1 450.000 450.000 0.000
2 345.000 450.000 105.000
3 545.000 429.000 116.000
4 650.000 448.000 202.000
5 760.000 488.840 271.160
6 600.000 551.592 48.408
7 550.000 580.640 30.640
8 450.000 595.815 145.815
9 400.000 586.729 186.729
10 700.000 563.628 136.372
11 800.000 597.677 202.323
12 820.000 650.372 169.628
-----------------------------------------------------
13 704.621

THE VALUE OF ALPHA USED IS = 0.2

THE VALUE OF BETA USED IS = 0.2

BEGINNING FORECAST AND TREND ARE = 450 AND 0

MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION (MAD) FOR THE LAST 3 PERIODS = 169.441

MEAN SQUARED ERROR (MSE) FOR ALL PAST PERIODS = 23877.491

MEAN ERROR (bias) FOR ALL PAST PERIODS = 56.476

STANDARD ERROR (sigmasubyx) IS = 161.3945

RESULT:
Thus the exponential smoothing of the given values is prepared using the software package POM.

36
Exp No.: 13 PORTFOLIO SELECTION Date:

AIM:

To select a best portfolio using Markowitz model.

ALGORITHM:

STEP-1: Open an excel sheet.

STEP-2: Enter the expected returns of both the securities with corresponding

months in the separate columns.

STEP-3: Calculate mean return of both the securities using average function.

Example: (+ Average B8:B19).

STEP-4: Calculate correlation between the two securities using correlation

function. Example: (=CORREL(B8:B19,C8:C19)

STEP-5: Enter various combination of the securities . Example : 100 %

smallcap, 90% sample cap, 10% LT Treasuries,…)

STEP-6: Calculate risk for each combinations using Markowitz risk

Formula

(=SQRT(E8^2*$B$22^2+F8^2*$C$22^2+2*$B$24*E8*F8*$B$22*$
C$22)

Risk = SQRT((PropOf X^2*stdevof X^2)+ (PropOf X^2*Stdevof

X^2)+(2*Corr XY*Stdevof X*Stdevof Y*Propof Y))

STEP-7: Calculate portfolio return by multiplying the prop of each security

combinations along with its corresponding mean return.

Return =PropOf X*MeanReturnOf X+PropOf Y*MeanReturnOf Y

STEP-8: Compare risk and return of various combinations and select a better
combination of portfolio.

37
DATA:

Markowitz portfolio selection model. With the available select a best portfolio combination.

MONTH SMALLCAP LT
TREASURIES

1 0.1126 -0.0325

2 0.0452 0.0051

3 -0.0249 -0.0094

4 -0.0403 0.0016

5 -0.0014 0.0243

6 -0.0519 0.02

7 0.037 0.0398

8 -0.0228 0.0067

9 0.0131 0.0185

10 0.0259 0.0198

11 0.0885 0.001

12 0.0441 0.0246

38
OUTPUT:

MONTH SMALLCAP LT TREASURIES

1 0.1126 -0.0325

2 0.0452 0.0051

3 -0.0249 -0.0094

4 -0.0403 0.0016

5 -0.0014 0.0243

6 -0.0519 0.02

7 0.037 0.0398

8 -0.0228 0.0067

9 0.0131 0.0185

10 0.0259 0.0198

11 0.0885 0.001

12 0.0441 0.0246

MEAN 0.018758333 0.009958333

S.D 0.050404986 0.018932966

CORRELATION -0.316711486

39
W1 W2 RISK RETURN

1 0 0.050405 0.018758

0.9 0.1 0.045349 0.017879

0.8 0.2 0.040394 0.017

0.7 0.3 0.035578 0.016121

0.6 0.4 0.03096 0.01542

0.5 0.5 0.026635 0.014363

0.4 0.6 0.022764 0.013483

0.3 0.7 0.01961 0.012604

0.2 0.8 0.017556 0.011725

0.1 0.9 0.017006 0.010846

0 1 0.018107 0.009967

RESULT:

The portfolio selection program is obtained using MS.Excel

40
Exp No.: 14 RISK AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Date:

AIM:
To analyse the risk and sensitivity between two companies using
MS-Excel.

ALGORITHM :

STEP-1: Find the mean, median ,mode etc using excel function
For company.1 excel.

STEP-2: Find the mean,median,mode etc using excel

Function for company 2.

STEP-3: Compare the values of standard deviation, sample

Variance for range of 2 company.

STEP-4: Find out which company has minimum risk.

41
DATA:

The annual rate of return for 2 company A & B for the past 20 year age
are given below. You are requested to find out the average rate of return
for two companies and identify which company to invest money where
the risk is minimum.

COMPANY(A) COMPANY(B)
2.2 1.1
-3.5 1.1
11.6 4.2
-2.1 7.1
-2.1 3.8
-3.1 -2.9
-8.8 -9.1
1.4 31.1
1.4 33.9
-5.8 13.6
5.5 30.4
10.1 -4.3
-4.4 -12.9
-5.3 22.1
21.7 8.4
-5.5 -5.4
-2.5 28.7
-3.4 15.6
-1.6 9.6
2.3 13.5

42
 OUTPUT:

COMPANY A COMPANY B
MEAN 0.405 8.14
MEDIAN -2.1 5.65
MODE -2.1 1.1
STANDARD 7.212232 14.85184
DEVIATION
SAMPLE 52.01629 220.5773
VARIANCE
KURTOSIS 2.95163 -1.06491
SKEWNESS 1.617245 0.430826
RANGE 30.5 46.8
STANDARD ERROR 1.612704 3.320973
MAXIMUM 21.7 33.9
MINIMUM -8.8 -12.9
SUM 8.1 162.8
COUNT 20 20

RESULT:

The risk and sensitivity analysis is obtained using MS.Excel.

43
 Exp No.: 15 REVENUE MANAGEMENT Date:

AIM

To calculate the revenue by increasing and decreasing the price of the product by using spreadsheet.

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1: To open the spreadsheet click Start All programs Microsoft Office
Microsoft Excel.

STEP 2: Give a suitable title for the problem and draw the table by using the border option under Home
Menu.

STEP 3: Use the Merge option under Home Menu to center the title.

STEP 4: Enter the price and quantity then calculate the revenue by using the formula price*quantity in
the mid of the cell.

STEP 5: Reduce the price and increase the quantity then calculate the revenue by using the same formula.

STEP 6: The same way increase the price and decrease the quantity then calculate the revenue by using
the same formula.

STEP 7: Select the Price, Quantity and Revenue and choose the option Insert Charts.

STEP 8: Save and Quit the program.

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the revenue has been calculated by using spreadsheet.

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 Exp No.: 16 TRANSPORTATION Date:

Solve the transportation problem

Distribution Centers
Availability
D1 D2 D3 D4
S1 11 13 17 14 250
Origin S2 16 18 14 10 300
S3 21 24 13 10 400
Requirements 200 225 275 250

AIM

To obtain Optimum Transportation cost using TORA.

ALGORITHM

 Open TORA and click “Click here” to continue and select Transportation problem.
 Select New Problem and give suitable title.
 Enter the source and destination count
 Press Y for Yes and N for No for the queries.
 Enter the user names for source and destination.
 Type the supply and demand values as per in the problem.
 Enter the source value for different destinations.
 Click Solve menu and Save data, it shows Solve or Modify menu.
 Select Solve Problem and Final solution.
 Click Go to Output Screen button.

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 INPUT

OUTPUT

Results:-

Output for given Transportation problem is displayed.

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 Exp No.: 17 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS Date:

Solve the Assignment Problem

Machines
M1 M2 M3 M4
J1 5 7 11 6
Jobs J2 8 5 9 6
J3 4 7 10 7
J4 10 4 8 3

AIM

To obtain Optimal Assignment using TORA.

ALGORITHM

 Open TORA and click”Click here” to continue and select Transportation Problem.
 Select New problem and give suitable title.
 Enter the source and destination count.
 Press Y for Yes and N for No for user defined names.
 Enter the user names for source and destinations.
 Type the supply and demand values as 1.
 Enter the machine value for different operators.
 Click Solve menu and save the program, it shows Solve or Modify menu.
 Select Solve program and Final solution.
 Click Go to Output Screen Button to view output.

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 INPUT

OUTPUT

Result:-

Hence the output for given Assignment problem is obtained.

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Exp No.: 18 NETWORKING MODELS – CPM Date:
METHOD
AIM:

To find the critical path using TORA module.

ALGORITHM:

STEP-1 : Choose PERT/CPM model in TORA.

STEP-2 : Give the number of nodes.

STEP-3 : Provide the duration for each node.

STEP -4 : Compute the solution.

STEP -5 : Note down the critical path.

DATA :

CRITICAL PATH METHOD

For the given data identify the critical path.

ACTIVITY PRECEEDING NORMAL

ACTIVITY TIME
1-2 - 20
1-3 - 25
2-3 1-2 10
2-4 1-2 12
3-4 1-3,2-3 5
4-5 2-3,3-4 10

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OUTPUT:

CPM:

4 5
1

CPM Output:

Earliest Latest
Activity Duration Start Complete Start Complete Total Free
Float Float
1-2 20 0 20 0 20 0 0
1-3 25 0 25 5 30 5 5
2-3 10 20 30 20 30 0 0
2-4 12 20 32 23 35 3 3
3-4 5 30 35 30 35 0 0
4-5 10 35 45 35 45 0 0

RESULT:

The networking model program obtained by using TORA.

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 Exp No.: 19 NETWORKING MODELS – PERT Date:
METHOD

AIM:

To find the critical path using TORA module.

ALGORITHM:

STEP-1 : Choose PERT/CPM model in TORA.

STEP-2 : Give the number of nodes.

STEP-3 : Provide the duration for each node.

STEP -4 : Compute the solution.

STEP -5 : Note down the critical path.

DATA:

PROGRAMME EVALUATION REVIEW TECHNIQUE

A small project is composed of activity whose time estimates are listed below on the table.
Activities are identified by their beginning, ending and node number.

ACTIVITY OPTIMISTIC MOST PESSIMISTIC

TIME LIKELY TIME
TIME
1-2 1 1 7
1-3 1 4 7
1-4 2 2 8
2-5 1 1 1
3-5 2 5 14
4-6 2 5 8
5-6 3 6 15

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PERT:

1 2 5 6

PERT Output:
Node Longest Path Mean Duration Std Deviation
2 1-2 2 1
3 1-3 4 1
4 1-4 3 1
5 1-3-5 10 2.24
6 1-3-5-6 17 3

RESULT:

The networking model program obtained by using TORA.

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 Exp No.: 20 QUEUING ANALYSIS Date:

KFC analyzed data on customer arrivals and concluded that the mean arrival is 45 customers/hour.
Orders are taken at the average of 1customer/minute. Use the Poisson arrivals and exponential
service times model to answer the following questions.

1. What is the probability that no units are n the system?

2. What is the average no. of customers in the waiting line?
3. What is the average no. of customers in the system?
4. What is the average time a customer spends in the waiting line?
5. What is the average time a customer spends in the system?
6. What is the probability an arriving customers has to wait?

AIM:

To do Queuing analysis using TORA

ALGORITHM:

 Open TORA and click “Click here” to continue and select Queuing Analysis.
 Select new problem and give suitable title.
 Enter the value of lambda, mu, number of servers, system limit and source limit.
 Select Solve menu and Save data, it shows Solve and Modify Menu.
 Select Solve Problem and Final Solution.
 Click Go to Output Screen and select Output option as Comparative analysis/Scenrio.

54
 INPUT

OUTPUT

RESULT:

Hence the result is obtained.

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 Exp No.: 21 INVENTORY MODELS Date:
BASIC ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY

AIM

To calculate the fixed order quantity inventory model of the given values using the software package POM.

ALGORITHM

STEP 1:

Start the program.

STEP 2:

Go to all programs and open the POM application.

STEP 3:

Click the module menu and open “fixed order quantity inventory model”.

STEP 4:

Give a suitable title for the experiment in the problem title text box.

STEP 5:

Select the “Model 1 – BASIC ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY UNDER GENERAL”.

STEP 6:

Go to production menu and enter the value D-ANNUAL DEMAND, S-AVERAGE

ORDERING COST ($ per order) C- CARRYING COST ($ unit year).

STEP 7:

Go to solve menu and get the result.

STEP 8:

Save the program and exit.

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 STEP 9:

Stop the process.

OUTPUT

*** FIXED ORDER QUANTITY INVENTORY MODEL ***

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

PROBLEM NAME: Untitled

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

MODEL I -- Basic Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

Annual Demand (units per year) D = 10000

Average Ordering Cost ($ per order) S = 50

Carrying Cost ($ per unit per year) C = 2.5

Order Quantity = 632.456

Total Annual Stocking Cost = $1,581.14

Expected # of Orders per Year = 15.811

Maximum Inventory Level = 632.456

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

RESULT:

Thus the fixed order quantity inventory model of the given values is calculated using the software
package POM.

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 Exp No.: 22 EOQ WITH QUARTERLY DISCOUNT Date:

AIM

To calculate the fixed order quantity inventory model of the given values using the software
package.

ALGORITHM

STEP 1: Start the program.

STEP 2: Open the POM application.

STEP 3: Click the module menu and open fixed order quantity inventory model.

STEP 4: Give suitable title for the experiment in the problem title bar.

STEP 5: Select the module III EOQ with quantity discounts under the column general.

STEP 6: Enter the value under quantity D- annual -4800, S- average ordering cost

($ per order) 500, what percent acquisition cost is carrying cost 24 and

how many different acquisition cost is there-3.

STEP 7: Enter the following values under the column inventory

Lower limit Upper limit Cost

0 1200 10

1200 2000 9

2000 3000 8

STEP 8: Select the solve menu and get the result.

STEP 9: Save the program and exit.

STEP 10: Stop the process

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OUTPUT

*** FIXED ORDER QUANTITY INVENTORY MODEL ***

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

PROBLEM NAME: Untitled

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

MODEL III -- EOQ with Quantity Discounts: Gradual Deliveries

Annual Demand (units per year) D = 4800

Average Ordering Cost ($ per order) S = 500

Carrying Cost Percentage of Acquisition Cost = 24 %

Materials Supply Rate p = 0.02

Materials Usage Rate d = 0.01

Expected Demand During Lead Time (units) EDDLT = 0

Quantity Quantity Acquisition

Lower Limit Upper Limit Cost

0.000 1200.000 10.000

1200.000 2000.000 9.000

2000.000 3000.000 8.000

Order Quantity = 2236.068

Acquisition Cost = $8.00

Total Annual Material Cost = $40,546.63

Order Point = 0.

Expected # of Orders per Year = 2.147

Maximum Inventory Level = 1118.034

Days to Produce One Batch = 111803.399

RESULT:

Thus the fixed order quantity inventory model of the given values is calculated using the software POM.

59