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Tutorial Problem I

The document contains 20 exercises involving vector spaces and subspaces. The exercises ask students to determine if sets are vector spaces or subspaces, find bases and dimensions of vector spaces, check linear independence, find complements of subspaces, and other vector space concepts. Solutions require using definitions and results from Chapter 1 on vector spaces.

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aayush.5.parashar
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18 views

Tutorial Problem I

The document contains 20 exercises involving vector spaces and subspaces. The exercises ask students to determine if sets are vector spaces or subspaces, find bases and dimensions of vector spaces, check linear independence, find complements of subspaces, and other vector space concepts. Solutions require using definitions and results from Chapter 1 on vector spaces.

Uploaded by

aayush.5.parashar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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spanda@maths.iitkgp.ac.

in 1

Tutorial Problems set-I


Note: All these problems can be solved using the results of Chapter-I.

[0.0.1] Exercise Check that each of the following sets are vector space with respect to usual addition
and scalar multiplication.
(i) The set of all real sequences over the field F = R.
(ii) The set of all bounded real sequences over the filed R.
(iii) The set of all convergent real sequences over the field R.
(iv) {(an ) | an ∈ R, an → 0} over the field R.
(v) The set of all eventually 0 sequences over the field R. We call (xn ) eventually 0 if ∃k s.t. xn = 0
for all n ≥ k.
(vi) P(x)= {p(x) | p(x) is a real polynomial in x} over the field R.
(vii) P5 (x)= {p(x) ∈ R[x] | degree of p(x) ≤ 5} over the field R.
(viii) {An×n | aij ∈ R, A upper triangular} over the field R.

[0.0.2] Exercise Consider Pn (x) and P(x) over R. Check that each of the following sets is subspace or
not.
(i) {P (x) ∈ P3 (x) | P (x) = ax + b, a, b ∈ R}.
(ii) {P (x) ∈ P | P (0) = 0}.
(iii) {P (x) ∈ P | P (0) = 1}.
(iv) {P (x) ∈ P | P (−x) = P (x)}.
(v) {P (x) ∈ P | P (−x) = −P (x)}.

[0.0.3] Exercise Fix A ∈ Mn (R). Let U = {B ∈ Mn (R) : AB = BA}.


a) Show that U is a subspace of Mn (R).
b) Let W = {a0 I + a1 A + · · · an Am |m ∈ N0 := N ∪{0}, ai ∈ R}. Show that W is a subspace of U.

[0.0.4] Exercise Find basis and dimension for each of the following vector spaces.
(i) Mn (C) over R.
(ii) Hn (C), n × n Hermitian matrices, over R.
(iii) Sn (C), n × n Skew-Hermitian matrices, over R.

[0.0.5] Exercise Check whether the following vector space is finite dimensional or infinite dimensional.
(i) The set of all real sequences over the field F = R.
(ii) The set of all bounded real sequences over the field R.
(iii) The set of all convergent real sequences over the field R.
(iv) {(an ) | an ∈ R, an → 0} over the field R.
(v) The set of all eventually 0 sequences over the field R.
(vi) We call (xn ) eventually 0 if ∃k s.t. xn = 0 for all n ≥ k.
(vii) P(x)= {p(x) | p(x) is a real polynomial in x} over the field R.
(viii) P5 (x)= {p(x) ∈ R[x] | degree of p(x) ≤ 5} over the field R.

[0.0.6] Exercise Write 4 nontrivial subspaces of R4 .


spanda@maths.iitkgp.ac.in 2

[0.0.7] Exercise Show that u1 , · · · , uk ∈ Rn are linearly independent iff Au1 , · · · , Auk are linearly
independent for any invertible An .
k
P k
P
[0.0.8] Exercise Show that u1 , · · · , uk ∈ V is linearly independent iff ai1 ui , · · · , aik ui are linearly
i=1 i=1
independent for any invertible Ak×k . Show that {u, v} is linearly independent iff {u + v, u − v} is
linearly independent.

[0.0.9] Exercise Let V be a vector space over F. Let A and B be two non-empty subsets of V. Prove
or disprove: ls(A) ∩ ls(B) 6= {0} =⇒ A ∩ B 6= φ.

[0.0.10] Exercise Show that a vector space V over F has a unique basis if and only if either dim (V) = 0
or dim (V) = 1 and |F| = 2.

[0.0.11] Exercise Let V be an n dimensional vector space over F and let F has exactly p elements.
Then show that |V| = pn .

[0.0.12] Exercise Check whether vector space R (set of real numbers) over the field Q (set rational
number) is infinite dimensional or finite dimensional.
     
4 a 4
[0.0.13] Exercise Let S = { 5 , 2 , 3}. Find the values of a for which ls(S) 6= R3 .
    
6 4 2

[0.0.14] Exercise Give 2 bases for the trace 0 real symmetric matrices of size 3 × 3. Extend these bases
to bases of the real symmetric matrices of size 3 × 3. Extend these bases to bases of the real matrices
of size 3 × 3.

[0.0.15] Exercise Consider W = {v ∈ R6 |v1 + v2 + v3 = 0, v2 + v3 + v4 = 0, v4 + v5 + v6 = 0}. Supply a


basis for W and extend it to a basis of R6 .

[0.0.16] Exercise For what values α are the vectors (0, 1, α), (α, 1, 0) and (1, α, 1) in R3 linearly inde-
pendent?

[0.0.17] Exercise If S and T are two subspaces of a vector spaces having a common complement set
W , does it follow that S = T ?

[0.0.18] Exercise In the vector space R4 , find two different complements of the subspace S =
{(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) : x3 − x4 = 0}

[0.0.19] ExerciseShow that a non-trivial subspace S of a finite dimensional vector space V has two
virtually disjoint complements iff dim (S) ≥ dim2 (V) .
n
xi = 0} in Rn .
P
[0.0.20] Exercise Find a complement of the subspace {(x1 , x2 , . . . , xn } :
i=1

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