HSPA+ Principle 0

HSPA+ Principle

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 HSPA+ Principle 1

About This Course

l This course introduces principles and some key
technologies of HSPA+.

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 HSPA+ Principle 2

References
l 3GPP Release 7 Specification References:
p 3GPP TS 25.211: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto
physical channels (FDD)
p 3GPP TS 25.212: Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
p 3GPP TS 25.213: Spreading and modulation (FDD)
p 3GPP TS 25.214: Physical layer procedures (FDD)
p 3GPP TS 25.308, "UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSPDA); Overall
description"
p 3GPP TS 25.309: FDD Enhanced Uplink
p 3GPP TS 25.301: Radio Interface Protocol Architecture
p 3GPP TS 25.302: Services provided by the physical layer
p 3GPP TS 25.321: Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification

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 HSPA+ Principle 3

Contents
1. HSPA+ Overview

2. Key Technologies of HSPA+

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 HSPA+ Principle 4

Contents
1. HSPA+ Overview

2. Key Technologies of HSPA+

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 HSPA+ Principle 5

HSPA+ Introduction
l HSPA refers to HSDPA and HSUPA which are introduced in
3GPP Release 5 and Release 6. It can provide significant
throughput, latency, and capacity gains on the downlink and
uplink, compared to Release 99.

l HSPA+ (also known as HSPA evolution) is introduced in 3GPP

Release 7. It is an enhancement to HSPA.

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 HSPA+ Principle 6

Goals for HSPA+ in Release7

l Reduced service delay

l Increase peak data rates

l Improve spectrum efficiency

l Increase system capacity

l Reduce UE power consumption

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 HSPA+ Principle 7

Room to Improve Release 6

l Release 6 (HSDPA and HSUPA) already provides high-speed
wireless access to large number of users.
l But there is room for even more improvements:
p Use of multiple antenna techniques (MIMO) to increase peak data rate
and system capacity
p Higher order modulation scheme to improve downlink spectral efficiency
and peak data rate
p Adapt system behavior to match application requirements to reduce
interference and to extend UE battery life
p Expand use of high speed HS-PDSCH channel beyond DTCH and DCCH,
extend it to the CELL_FACH state.

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 HSPA+ Principle 8

HSPA+ Features in Release 7

l Downlink enhanced L2

l Downlink 64QAM

l MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)

l Enhanced CELL_FACH operation

l CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)

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l DL 64QAM, MIMO, and Enhanced CELL_FACH must be used in combination with HSDPA
and Enhanced L2. CPC must be used in combination with both HSDPA and HSUPA.

l MIMO and DL 64QAM are used to achieve higher data rates.

l CPC, enhanced CELL_FACH operation are used to achieve more efficient system operation.

Features dependencies:

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 HSPA+ Principle 9

MIMO and DL 64QAM

l MIMO
p MIMO increases transmission rates through space multiplexing
and improves channel qualities through space diversity. The
network side can dynamically select single- or dual-stream
transmission according to channel conditions. The peak rate at
the MAC layer can reach 28 Mbit/s.

l DL 64QAM
p DL 64QAM allows the use of 64QAM in HSDPA to increase the
number of bits per symbol and thus to obtain higher transmission
rates. The peak rate at the MAC layer can reach 21 Mbit/s.

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l MIMO and DL 64QAM can not be used simultaneously in Release 7.

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 HSPA+ Principle 10

Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation

l Enhanced CELL_FACH operation
p Enhanced CELL_FACH operation allows the use of HSDPA
technologies for the UEs in the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, and
URA_PCH state. The purpose is to increase the peak rates in these
states and reduce the signaling transmission delay during service
setup or state transition with the result improving the user
experience.

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l RAN 11.0 supports HSDPA in only the CELL_FACH state.

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 HSPA+ Principle 11

DL Enhanced L2
l This feature allows Uu L2 to use flexible PDU size on RLC layer
and segmentation on MAC layer. The feature prevents the L2
from becoming the bottleneck of higher Uu rate increased by
MIMO and 64QAM.

l DL enhanced L2 is the precondition of MIMO, 64QAM and

enhanced CELL_FACH operation.

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 HSPA+ Principle 12

CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)

l CPC allows the uplink and downlink transmissions to take place
at periodic intervals. This feature reduces the transmitted power
(and thus increases the UE battery life) because the UE does not
have to monitor and transmit overhead channels every TTl. This
reduction in the transmitted power also helps to increase the
uplink capacity by decreasing the total interference. This
improvement is especially significant when there are users who
transmit data infrequently as VoIP users.
l CPC feature consists of DL DRX, UL DTX and HS-SCCH less
operation.

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l DL DRX is discontinuous downlink reception.

l UL DTX is discontinuous uplink transmission.

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 HSPA+ Principle 13

HSPA+ Capable UE Categories

HS-DSCH Supported Modulations Supported Modulations
category Without MIMO with MIMO

Category 13
QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM None
Category 14

Category 15
QPSK and 16QAM QPSK and 16QAM
Category 16

Category 17
QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM QPSK and 16QAM
Category 18

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l All such UEs must support DL Enhanced L2. These categories do not indicate whether CPC
and Enhanced CELL_FACH operation are supported.

l During the connection setup procedure or the service setup procedure, the UE notifies the
network of its capability to support these features.

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 HSPA+ Principle 14

Contents
1. HSPA+ Overview

2. Key Technologies of HSPA+

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 HSPA+ Principle 15

Contents
2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
2.1 Downlink Enhanced L2

2.2 Downlink 64QAM

2.3 MIMO

2.4 Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation

2.5 CPC

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 HSPA+ Principle 16

Limitation of Original L2 Function

l MIMO and 64QAM increase the DL rates on the Uu interface.
The original DL L2 function cannot adapt to such high rates. To
prevent L2 from becoming the bottleneck of network
performance, 3GPP Release 7 introduces enhancements to L2.

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l The original L2 function uses fixed RLC PDU sizes. The typical fixed size is 336 or 656. This
cannot meet the requirement of high-speed transmission for larger RLC PDU sizes.

l The peak date rate can be achieved by MIMO is 28Mbps and it is 21Mbps by 64QAM.
However, small fixed RLC PDU will limit the maximum data rate with original L2 function.
The following is a typical example:

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 HSPA+ Principle 17

Downlink Enhanced L2 in Release 7

l Downlink enhanced L2 includes the following two features:
p Improving the RLC entity to support flexible RLC PDU sizes

p Adding a new entity, the MAC-ehs, implementing data

segmentation at the MAC layer, and supporting the multiplexing
of multiple priority queues

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l The difference between Release 6 L2 and Release 7 L2:

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 HSPA+ Principle 18

Flexible RLC PDU size

l With introduction of flexible RLC PDU sizes, the RLC layer will
not segment higher-layer packets with sizes less than maximum
RLC PDU size (the maximum RLC PDU size is configurable and
maximum value is 1500 bytes). Thus, the RLC layer can flexibly
adapt to variations in traffic volume and reduce the overhead
of the RLC PDU header.

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 HSPA+ Principle 19

MAC-hs Entity (UTRAN side) in Release 6

MAC-d flows
MAC-hs Scheduling/Priority handling
Priority Queue Priority Queue
distribution distribution

Priority Priority Priority Priority MAC – Control

Queue Queue Queue Queue

HARQ entity

TFRC selection

Associated Uplink Associated Downlink

Signalling HS-DSCH Signalling

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 HSPA+ Principle 20

MAC-ehs Entity (UTRAN side) in Release 7

MAC-d flows
MAC-ehs Scheduling/Priority handling
Priority Queue
distribution

Priority Priority Priority

MAC – Control
Queue Queue Queue

Segme Segme Segme

ntation ntation ntation

Priority Queue MUX

HARQ entity

TFRC selection

Associated Associated
Uplink Signalling HS-DSCH Downlink Signalling

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l MAC-ehs entity is introduced in Release 7 to replace MAC-hs entity to support HSPA+.

Higher layer can configure which one is used. MAC-ehs and MAC-hs can not be used
simultaneously.

l MAC-ehs can support segmentation and concatenation.

l MAC-ehs can choose to segment or concatenate data based on Uu interface channel

condition. For example, when the channel conditions of the UE are poor (for example, on
the cell edge), the MAC-ehs can segment the RLC PDU into smaller PDUs for transmission
at lower rates to ensure the service continuity.

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 HSPA+ Principle 21

Contents
2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
2.1 Downlink Enhanced L2

2.2 Downlink 64QAM

2.3 MIMO

2.4 Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation

2.5 CPC

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 HSPA+ Principle 22

Modulation Modes for HSPA+

l Three modulation modes can be used for HS-PDSCH

64QAM allows more bits per Higher peak rate achieved in

Symbol to be transmitted good channel condition

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l HSPA+ can support three modulation modes: QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. Which mode is
used is stilled based on the channel condition of UE.

l The AMC feature introduced with HSDPA enables adaptation of modulation and coding to
varying radio conditions. To improve the advantages of AMC even further, a new
modulation scheme, 64 QAM, is introduced with HSPA+. Theoretically 64QAM can provide
a peak rate of 21 Mbit/s to a single UE. It enables the user with good channel conditions
to download data at higher rates, improves user experience.

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 HSPA+ Principle 23

CQI Mapping Table Change for 64QAM

l 64QAM not configured l 64QAM configured

Modula Modula
CQI TBS Codes CQI TBS Codes
tion tion
1 137 1 QPSK 1 136 1 QPSK
… …
25 14411 10 16-QAM 25 14424 10 16-QAM
26 17237 12 16-QAM 26 15776 10 64-QAM
27 21754 15 16-QAM 27 21768 12 64-QAM
28 23370 15 16-QAM 28 26504 13 64-QAM
29 24222 15 16-QAM 29 32264 14 64-QAM
30 25558 15 16-QAM 30 38576 15 64-QAM

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l Additional CQI mapping tables have been added to cover the CQI mapping for the new UE
categories.

l The example in the slide is for UE Category 14:

p The table on the left side is used when 64QAM is disabled.

p The table on the right side is used when 64QAM is configured.

l The upper range of the CQI values is mapped into modulation of 64QAM, with significant
changes, while the rest of the table has limited changes only.

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 HSPA+ Principle 24

HS-SCCH Change for 64QAM

l Release 6 l Release 7

Channelization Code Set

Channelization Code Set
Last bit: 0:16QAM
Last bit 1: 64QAM

Modulation Scheme Modulation Scheme

0: QPSK 0: QPSK
1: 16QAM 1: QAM

MUX MUX

HS-SCCH part 1 HS-SCCH part 1

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l In Release 7, three different types of HS-SCCH are available: type 1 (normal operation: no
MIMO and no type 2), type 2 (HS-SCCH less operations), and type 3 (for MIMO operations).

l Type 1 is the format for downlink 64QAM. There is no change in redundancy version
mapping. A few changes are necessary in physical layer for the HS-SCCH (type 1) to
indicate the modulation format:

p Mapping of Modulation Scheme is now: ‘0’ stands for QPSK and ‘1’ stands for
QAM.

p When 64QAM is configured, the last bit in Channelization Code Set is used to
distinguish between 16QAM and 64QAM modulation format.

The remaining 6 bits of the CCS are used for the channelization code set
n

information, 3 bits for the code group ID (as previous release), and 3 bits
for the code offset ID (instead of the previous 4 bits, it means range is
reduced when 64QAM is configured.).
l HS-SCCH part 2 is not affected by 64QAM.

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 HSPA+ Principle 25

Prerequisites for Downlink 64QAM

l UE capability
p UE category 13, 14, 17 and 18 can support downlink 64QAM.

l Service type
p 64QAM modulation mode is only used for HSPDA service.

l Cell capability
p The Serving cell must support downlink enhanced L2 and 64 QAM.

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l By Uu interface signaling and Iub interface signaling RNC can get the UE capability and cell
capability information for 64QAM. If both UE and the HSPA serving cell support 64QAM, it
can be enabled.

l In Release 7, MIMO and downlink 64QAM can not be configured simultaneously.

Downlink enhanced L2 must be supported as the prerequisite for downlink 64QAM. A UE
category 19 shall be treated as category 17 and a UE category 20 shall be treated as
category 18.

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 HSPA+ Principle 26

Contents
2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
2.1 Downlink Enhanced L2

2.2 Downlink 64QAM

2.3 MIMO

2.4 Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation

2.5 CPC

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 HSPA+ Principle 27

What is MIMO?
l MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output

Wireless
WirelessChannel
Channel

…
Receiver
…

Transmitter

N M

Channel Condition Feedback

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l In wireless communications, MIMO refers to a wireless channel with multiple inputs and
multiple outputs.

l In a MIMO system, there are N*M signal paths from the transmit antennas and the receive
antennas, and the signals on these paths are not identical.

l 3GPP Release 7 supports only 2×2 MIMO system.

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 HSPA+ Principle 28

What can MIMO provide?

l 2×2 MIMO can increase peak data rate to 28Mbps
Data Stream 1

Wireless
WirelessChannel
Channel
Transmitter Receiver

Data Stream 2

Channel Condition Feedback

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l For HSDPA, the peak physical layer throughput is14.4Mbps. To achieve 14.4 Mbps peak
rate, all available SF-16 OVSF codes will be used.

l With MIMO system, the multiplexing gain is obtained with independent data streams on
different antennas. The 2*2 MIMO system defined by 3GPP Release 7 can be 28Mbps.

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 HSPA+ Principle 29

Effect of Channel Condition to MIMO

l MIMO operation is affected by channel condition of UE.

l Only when the channel conditions are good, two parallel data
streams can be carried in different transmitters. This is dual-
stream case. Otherwise only one data stream is carried even
though two transmitters are used. This is single-stream case.

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l In the dual-stream case, two MAC-ehs PDUs can be transmitted simultaneously in a TTI.
After coding, the two streams are mapped onto the corresponding HS-PDSCHs with the
same orthogonal code.

l In the single-stream case, only one MAC-ehs PDU is transmitted in a TTI, and using
transmit diversity through two antennas can provide higher transmission qualities.

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 HSPA+ Principle 30

HSDPA with MIMO in Release 7

l Operation is similar to Release 5 HSDPA, but with different signaling:
p Via HS-DPCCH UE reports
n Channel Condition
n Preferred antenna weight
n Dual stream or single stream preference

p Based on UE report, NodeB

n Determines number of data streams, TB size, modulation and coding scheme and
antenna weighting
n Informs UE of the decision via HS-SCCH

l NodeB transmits the data via HS-PDSCH channel.

l Upon receiving the data, UE sends ACK/NACK via HS-DPCCH.

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l HSPDA MIMO operation in Release 7 is the same procedure as Release 5 HSDPA operation.
The same control channels are used for both; however, the signaling carried on the control
channels is different. The signaling formats on HS-SCCH and HS-DPCCH are changed to
handle the additional information needed for MIMO operation. These changes includes:

p More feedback from UE:

n Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) is reported for both antennas

Antenna weighting vector is reported
n

p More signaling sent to UE supporting dual stream transmission

n Transport block (TB) sizes for each stream

n Modulation and coding scheme for each stream
n Antenna weighting vector used

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 HSPA+ Principle 31

Pilot for channel

Illustration of 2×2 MIMO estimation

Pre-coding

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l Actually MIMO is a closed-loop pre-coding mode.

l Based on UE feedback NodeB decides to transmit dual stream data (two transport blocks
in one TTI) or single stream data (one transport block in one TTI). If dual stream data is
transmitted, two streams are spread and scrambled independently. The spreading code for
two streams are identical.

l After spreading and scrambling the data streams are pre-coded. For dual streams pre-
coding is used to make the two stream orthogonal. For single stream the pre-coding is just
like transmit diversity.

l On each antenna, a common pilot channel is transmitted. It is used for channel estimation.
UE can monitor the two pilot channels to estimate the channel between NodeB and UE
and then give feedback to NodeB.

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 HSPA+ Principle 32

Pre-coding
l In single-stream case pre-coding is used to achieve transmit
diversity. It is similar to closed-loop transmit diversity.
l In dual-stream case pre-coding is used to reduce the
interference between two streams and try to make them
orthogonal.
l Four predefined antenna weighting vectors are used,
identified by PCI (Pre-coding Indicator). NodeB decides which
weighting vector is used and inform UE.

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l When transmitting the data, the NodeB decides which pre-coding vector to use, which
may not be preferred by the UE. When one TB is sent:

p TB is called primary TB.

p Vector (w1, w2) is used. w1 is fixed, 4 possible choices for w2

p The chosen w2 is signaled on the HS-SCCH

l When two TBs are sent:

p One TB is called the primary, the other is called the secondary TB.

p Vector (w1, w2) is used for the primary TB. w1 is fixed, 4 possible choices for w2.

p Vector (w3, w4) is used for the secondary TB. w3 is fixed, w4 is a function of w2.

p The chosen w2 is signaled on the HS-SCCH

PCI 0 1 2 3
w1 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2

w2 (1+j)/2 (1-j)/2 (-1+j)/2 (-1-j)/2

w3 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
w4 -(1+j)/2 -(1-j)/2 -(-1+j)/2 -(-1-j)/2

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 HSPA+ Principle 33

Pilots for Channel Estimation

l On each antenna, a common pilot channel is transmitted. It is
used to estimate the channels between NodeB and UE.
l In 2×2 MIMO mode the channel between transmitter and
receiver can be expressed as the following format, where hi,j is
the estimate of the channel between the physical antenna i
at the base station and the antenna j at the UE.

h1,1 h1,2 
H = 
h h
 2,1 2,2 
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l Supposing pilots are P. UE can receive P’. So the relationship between P and P’ is P ’ = PH.

l P is predefined and P’ is received by UE. So UE can estimate the result of H.

l Two pilots in different antennas have different formats, they are just like the following
figure is a example:
Antenna 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

Antenna 2 11 11 00 00 11 11 00 00 11 00 11 11 00 00 11 11 00 00 11 11 00 00 11 11

slot #14 slot #0 slot #1

Frame#i Frame#i+1
Frame Boundary

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 HSPA+ Principle 34

HS-DPCCH Signaling
l UE reports on HS-DPCCH
p Preferred number of transport blocks
n 2 TBs = dual stream transmission
n 1 TBs = single stream transmission
p Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
n Type A: provide CQI for each TB when 2 TBs are preferred
n Type B: provide CQI when only one TB should be sent

p Preferred pre-coding (Pre-coding Control Indication: PCI)

n Indicate 1 of 4 predefined pre-coding vectors

p ACK/NACK
n If one TB was transmitted, UE sends one ACK or NACK
n If two TBs were transmitted, UE reports one out of four possible values for
ACK/ACK, ACK/NACK, NACK/ACK, NACK/NACK
n Each TB is acknowledged independently.

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l UE measures pilot signals from two transmit antennas. Based on this, the UE indicates the
following:

p Preferred number of TBs in one TTI according to current channel

p Preferred pre-coding

p CQI

l UE send a composite PCI/CQI report on HS-DPCCH.

l NodeB decides:

p Whether one or two TBs are scheduled

p Which modulation scheme and TBs to use for each

p Which pre-coding to use

l When two TBs are sent, the one with higher modulation (if different) will be the primary
one. The NodeB signals the pre-coding and the number of TBs on HS-SCCH. UE
independently ACK/NACKs each transmitted TB.

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 HSPA+ Principle 35

Two Types of CQI Feedback

l Two types of CQI is reported by UE: type A and type B
l In type A report, UE indicates:
p Preferred pre-coding vectors (2 bits)
p Preferred number of TBs per TTI
p CQI (8 bits)
n “Old” 31-level CQI report, if one TB is preferred
n “New” 255-level CQI report, if two TBs is preferred

l In type B report, UE indicates:

p Preferred pre-coding vectors (2 bits)
p CQI (5 bits)

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l Type A CQI reports are constructed using a CQI value that is computed according to:

15 x CQI1 + CQI 2 + 31, 0 ≤ CQI 1 / 2 < 15 when 2 transport blocks are preferred by the UE
CQI = 
 CQI S 0 ≤ CQI S < 31 when 1 transport block is preferred by the UE
l Type A CQI value greater than 30 indicates that 2 TBs are preferred, while type A CQI
value smaller than 31 means that 1 TB is preferred.

l NodeB configures UE to use N type A reports every period of M CQI reports. UE uses type
B reports in remaining time. The following figures are two examples for type A/B CQI
reporting:

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 HSPA+ Principle 36

Two Types of CQI Feedback (continued)

l NodeB Configures UE to use N type A reports every period of M
CQI reports. UE uses type B in remaining time.

l The following are two examples for type A/B reporting:

Type A Type A Type A Type A Type B Type A Type A Type A Type A Type B
Time
Configuration N/M = 4/5, CQI feedback cycle = 1 (2ms)

Type A Type A Type B

Time
Configuration N/M = 2/3, CQI feedback cycle = 4 (8ms)

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l When the UE reports both type of CQI, the network gets complete channel condition
information for both single and dual stream transmission. The network can then schedule
single or dual stream as appropriate for the UE and the system.

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 HSPA+ Principle 37

HS-SCCH Signaling – Part 1

l New HS-SCCH format Part 1
p Transmitted in the first slot of the 3-slot HS-SCCH TTI

p Supports single stream (8 bits) or dual streams (12bits)

p For dual stream operation (12 bits)

n Channelization code set (7 bits)

n Modulation Scheme and number of TBs (3 bits)

n Pre-coding vector (2 bits)

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l If two TBs are transmitted in one TTI, both TBs are transmitted using the same set of OVSF
codes.

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 HSPA+ Principle 38

HS-SCCH Signaling – Part 2

l Transmitted in the second and third slots of the HS-SCCH TTI

l Supports single stream (12 bits) or dual stream (20 bits)

l For dual stream transmission (20 bits):

p Transport block size (6 bits per TB)

p HARQ IDs (4bits)

p Redundancy version (2 bits per TB)

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 HSPA+ Principle 39

Prerequisites for MIMO

l UE capability
p UE category 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 can MIMO

l Service type
p MIMO modulation mode is only used for HSPDA service.

l Cell capability
p The Serving cell must support downlink enhanced L2 and MIMO.

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l By Uu interface signaling and Iub interface siganlling RNC can get the UE capability and
cell capability information for MIMO. If both UE and the HSPA serving cell support MIMO,
it can be enabled.

l In Release 7, MIMO and downlink 64QAM can not be configured simultaneously.

Downlink enhanced L2 must be supported as the prerequisite for MIMO. A UE category 19
shall be treated as category 17 and a UE category 20 shall be treated as category 18.

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 HSPA+ Principle 40

Contents
2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
2.1 Downlink Enhanced L2

2.2 Downlink 64QAM

2.3 MIMO

2.4 Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation

2.5 CPC

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 HSPA+ Principle 41

Purpose of Enhanced CELL_FACH

Operation
l The RRC states of a UE in connected mode include CELL_DCH,
CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, and URA_PCH. HSPA significantly
increases the maximum achievable uplink and downlink data
rates, but only for UEs in CELL_DCH states.
l The purpose of the Enhanced CELL_FACH feature is to extend
the use of HSDPA function to the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, and
URA_PCH state as well, allowing a more flexible allocation of
resources, increased data rates, and reduced transmission
delays. So far RAN11 only supports HSDPA in CELL_FACH.

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 HSPA+ Principle 42

Benefits of Enhanced CELL_FACH

Operation
l UE can reduce the state transitions from CELL_FACH to
CELL_DCH

l UE can receive high speed downlink traffic (data or signaling) in

CELL_FACH.

l UL transmission is still possible in CELL_FACH and uplink traffic

(data or signaling) is carried on RACH. (as in Release 6)

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l In Releases prior to Release 7, the data and signaling of the UE in the CELL_FACH state are
carried on the FACH. The resources of the channel cannot be allocated flexibly and the
transmission rates are limited.

l In Release 7, the data and signaling ( BCCH, CCCH, DTCH, and DCCH ) of the UE in the
Enhanced CELL_FACH state can be carried on the HS-DSCH.

l The HSDPA reception in CELL_FACH state requires the UE to support MAC-ehs.

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 HSPA+ Principle 43

Logical Channel Mapping in Enhanced

CELL_FACH
DTCH DCCH CCCH BCCH

FACH HS-DSCH

RAN10 RAN11

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l In RAN10 the data and signaling ( BCCH, CCCH, DTCH, and DCCH ) of the UE in
CELL_FACH state are carried on the FACH.

l In RAN11 the data and signaling ( BCCH, CCCH, DTCH, and DCCH ) of the UE in the
Enhanced CELL_FACH state can be carried on the HS-DSCH.

l The mapping from BCCH to HS-DSCH is used only to send the SYSTEM INFORMATION
CHANGE INDICATION message. The real broadcast system information is still mapped to P-
CCPCH (BCH).

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 HSPA+ Principle 44

UE Reception in Enhanced CELL_FACH

l UE can decode HS-SCCH using:
p Dedicated H-RNTI (from prior dedicated RRC signaling)

p Or an H-RNTI selected from list of common H-RNTI in SIB5

l UE use HS-SCCH channelization code from SIB5.

l UE decodes HS-PDSCH to receive DL data transmissions.

p BCCH/CCCH/DTCH/DCCH

l No Uplink ACK/NACK or CQI is transmitted.

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l When UE receive HS-PDSCH channel in enhanced CELL_FACH state, it can not receive
SCCPCH (FACH) simultaneously.

l UE in enhanced CELL_FACH state does not report ACK/NACK to NodeB. NodeB must
perform blind retransmissions of HSDPA data in the downlink.

l UE does not report CQI to NodeB. The measurement result on RACH can be used for link
adaption.

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 HSPA+ Principle 45

State Transition – Idle to CELL_FACH/CELL_DCH

l UE procedures in state transition from idle to CELL_FACH/CELL_DCH
1. Read system information in SIB5

2. Sends an RRC Connection Request on PRACH to request PS service

3. Selects an H-RNTI from common H-RNTI listed, HS-SCCH channelization code

from SIB5.

4. Monitor HS-SCCH using selected common H-RNTI.

n Decode HS-PDSCH to receive RRC Connection Setup.

5. Transitions to CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH based on the reconfiguration message.

n Uses new assigned H-RNTI for further HS-PDSCH reception.

6. May receive subsequent data in CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH

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l When the UE enters Connected Mode from Idle Mode by sending an RRC Connection
Request message, it starts listening to the HS-SCCH indicated in SIB5. Detection of HS-
SCCH is based on the common H-RNTI listed in SIB 5. The UE selects the common H-RNTI
to be used for reception of the RRC Connection Setup message in the HS-PDSCH.

l After detecting the HS-SCCH with common H-RNTI, the UE begins reception of the
corresponding HS-PDSCH TTI. The UE may enter CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH. When entering
CELL_FACH from Idle Mode, the RRC Connection Setup Message should include a new H-
RNTI and C-RNTI for the UE to use for further HS-DSCH reception. When entering
CELL_DCH from Idle Mode, the RRC Connection Setup Message should include a new H-
RNTI for the UE to use for further HS-DSCH reception.

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 HSPA+ Principle 46

Contents
2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
2.1 Downlink Enhanced L2

2.2 Downlink 64QAM

2.3 MIMO

2.4 Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation

2.5 CPC

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 HSPA+ Principle 47

CPC Motivation
l CPC allows packet data users to remain in CELL_DCH state to a
larger extent, thus avoiding frequent packet connection re-
establishments.

l CPC motivation is mainly to allow more efficient use of

continuous packet data connections:
p Higher capacity

p Lower UE battery consumption

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 HSPA+ Principle 48

What is CPC?
l CPC adds three main features:
p UL DTX (discontinuous uplink transmission)
p DL DRX (discontinuous downlink reception)
p HS-SCCH less operation

l These three features are optional

p UL DTX can be used alone or in combination with other CPC
features.
p DL DRX can be used only if UL DTX is used.
p HS-SCCH less operation can be used alone or in combination with
other CPC features.

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 HSPA+ Principle 49

Preconditions for CPC Configuration

l UE is in CELL_DCH state.

l No DCH is configured.

l Downlink traffic is carried by HS-DSCH and uplink traffic is

carried by E-DCH.

l SRB (Signaling radio bearer) is carried by HSPA.

l F-DPCH is configured.

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l The DCH cannot be configured in the uplink or downlink. The E-DCH must be configured
in the uplink, and the HS-DSCH and F-DPCH must be configured in the downlink.

l Signaling and data must be carried on HSPA channels. So CPC is dependent on SRB over
HSDPA and SRB over HSUPA.

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 HSPA+ Principle 50

Basic Concepts of UL DTX

l UL DTX includes the following features:
p UL DPCCH DTX
p E-DCH transmission restriction
p CQI reporting DTX

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l UL DPCCH DTX: The UL DPCCH is transmitted whenever E-DCH or HS-DPCCH is

transmitted. When UE is not transmitted data on E-DCH or HS-DPCCH, the UE shall not
transmit UL DPCCH except for a shot burst periodically (based on configuration
parameters).

l E-DCH transmission restriction: RNC can configure UE to restrict the start of E-DCH
transmission to coincide with UL DTX intervals, if there has been no E-DCH transmission
for a configurable number of TTI.

l CQI reporting DTX: If configured by the RNC, the CQI on HS-DPCCH can be transmitted in
the HS-DPCCH subframes when the CQI reporting period defined transmission overlaps
with DPCCH DTX transmission.

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 HSPA+ Principle 51

UL DPCCH DTX

Release 6
UL DPCCH

Release 7
UL DPCCH DTX

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l A basic UL DTX feature is UL DPCCH DTX

l If there is no uplink data transmission, UE can stop continuous UL DPCCH transmission and
regularly transmit a DPCCH burst to maintain power control signalling and link
synchronisation. In this mode UE can save power and reduce uplink interference.

l UL DPCCH DTX is activated/deactivated via RRC or layer 1 message.

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 HSPA+ Principle 52

UL DPCCH DTX Activation/Deactivation

l UL DPCCH DTX activation and deactivation

UL DTX enabled UL DTX

Y deactivated
Enabling_delay
DTX activation DTX deactivation
elapse
order order
UL DTX
Configured in UL DTX Active
RRC?
DTX at UE_DTX_cycle_1 (Initial state)

N No E-DCH data for

Data to Inactivity_threshold_for
transmit _UE_DTX_cycle_2 TTIs
No UL DTX
DTX at UE_DTX_cycle_2

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l After UL DTX parameters are sent received in some RRC messages (RRC Connection
Setup/Radio Bearer Setup etc.), UL DPCCH DTX is enabled, but it will be activated only
after Enabling_Delay radio frames.

l When UL DTX is active, two transmission periods can be defined for UL DPCCH DTX. They
are UE_DTX_cycle_1 (shorter) and UE_DTX_cycle_2 (longer) depending on E-DCH inactivity.
This enables the UL DPCCH transmission rate to autonomously adapt to data transmission
activity: for higher data activity, UL DPCCH can be configured for more frequent
transmission; and for lower data activity, DPCCH can be configured for less frequent
transmission. This increase DTX gain.

l NodeB can also deactive/active UL DTX by sending order on HS-SCCH.

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 HSPA+ Principle 53

UL DPCCH DTX Operation

l When UL DTX is active:
p UE shall transmit the uplink DPCCH in a slot if there is:
n HARQ-ACK/NACK transmission on HS-DPCCH

n CQI transmission on HS-PDSCH

n E-DCH transmission

p Otherwise, UL DPCCH shall be transmitted based on:

n Two periodic (DTX_cycle) transmission gaps

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 HSPA+ Principle 54

UL DPCCH DTX Operation (continued)

l Two cycles of UL DPCCH DTX

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l Generally, the UE uses cycle 1 for UL DTX. If the UE has no data to transmit for a longer
time, the UE uses cycle 2 for UL DTX. When there is data to transmit, the UE uses cycle 1
again.

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 HSPA+ Principle 55

CQI Reporting DTX

l CQI reporting DTX
Does not coincide with UE_DTX_cycle
Normal CQI reporting
No CQI reporting
CQI feedback cycle

DPCCH additional transmissions

(When CQI is transmitted)

UE_DTX_cycle

Last HS-DSCH CQI DTX timer

activity on the CQI DTX timer expires
downlink

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l UL DTX can perform CQI DTX.

p If DL data is inactive for a configurable time, UE can stop sending periodic CQI
reports, unless overlapping with UL DPCCH DTX bursts. In this mode UE can save
power can reduce uplink interference.

l If UL DTX is active, the UE shall transmit CQI base on the following rules:

p After every HS-SCCH/HS-PDSCH decoding:

n CQI reports have higher priority than the UL DPCCH DTX bursts.
n CQI is sent every CQI feedback cycle, as Release 6

p After CQI_DTX_TIMER subframes of DL inactivity (HS-PDSCH)

n CQI is sent only when overlapping with UL DPCCH DTX bursts

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 HSPA+ Principle 56

E-DCH transmission restriction

l UL DTX supports configurable E-DCH transmission start time
restrictions
p It can enable DRX at NodeB to save NodeB processing power.

After data inactivity, UE shall wait next

MAC_DTX_cycle for sending E-DCH data

MAC_Inactivity_Threshold MAC_DTX_cycle

E-DCH data to send

but not sent

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l RNC can configure UE to restrict the start of E-DCH transmission, which is also called E-
DCH DTX.

l The rule of MAC E-DCH DTX is:

p After last E-DCH transmitted TTI:

p If there has been no E-DCH transmission for MAC_Inactivity_Threshhold TTI:

E-DCH data shall be transmitted only at given times (every MAC_DTX_cycle

n

subframes).
p Whenever UE transmits one E-DCH TTI, the UE can transmit E-DCH data as long as
data inactivity is shorter than MAC_Inactivity_Threshold TTIs.

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 HSPA+ Principle 57

Basic Concepts of DL DRX

l DL DRX feature is designed to save UE battery.

l If UL DTX is configured, RNC can also configure DL DRX.

p UE can receive the following channels discontinuously:
n HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH

n E-AGCH and E-RGCH

p When DRX is configured, RNC will send DL data (on HS-SCCH and
HS-PDSCH) only at pre-defined periodic intervals.

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 HSPA+ Principle 58

DL DRX Activation/Deactivation
l DL DRX activation and deactivation

DTX/DRX enabled DL DRX

Y deactivated
Enabling_delay
DRX activation DRX deactivation
elapse
UL DTX and order order
DL DRX
Configured in DL DRX Active
RRC?
NO DRX (Initial state)

N No HS-SCCH/HS-PDSCH
reception during
Inactivity_threshold_for_UE
No DL DRX _DRX_cycle subframes
DRX at UE_DRX_cycle

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l Configuration and activation/deactivation rules for DL DRX are similar as for UL DTX. DRX
is configured/enabled using the same RRC messages that configure DTX and will be
activated (DL DRX active state) only after Enabling_delay frames.

l Different with UL DTX, DL DRX has only one cycle which is UE_DRX_cycle.

l Inactivity_threshold_for_UE_DRX_cycle defines additional successive subframes where

NodeB can transmit unrestricted.

l NodeB can also deactive/active UL DTX by sending order on HS-SCCH.

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 HSPA+ Principle 59

DL DRX Operation
l If DL DRX (and UL DTX) is configured and supported by UE:
p UE shall continue to receive F-DPCH and E-HICH as normal
operation.

p UE can apply DRX to HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH.

n If UE has not received an HS-SCCH or HS-PDSCH subframes during
the last Inactivity_Threshlod_for_UE_DRX_cycle subframes, UE shall
monitor HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH every DRX_cycle frames.

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 HSPA+ Principle 60

DL DRX Operation (continued)

Inactivity_threshold_for_UE
_DRX_cycle UE_DRX_cycle
subframe subframe subframe subframe subframe subframe subframe subframe subframe

HS-SCCH UE doesn’t monitor

HS-SCCH/HS-PDSCH
subframe subframe subframe subframe subframe subframe subframe subframe subframe

HS-PDSCH

UE shall monitor continuously

UE shall monitor HS-SCCH/HS-
HS-SCCH/HS-PDSCH
PDSCH every UE_DRX_cycle only

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l When DL DRX is not active, UE shall continuously monitor and receive all downlink physical
channels.

l When DL DRX is active, UE shall continue to receive F-DPCH as required, and the UE does
not need to receive physical downlink channels other than the F-DPCH, except for the
following cases:

p UE shall receive E-HICH frame corresponding to an E-DCH transmission.

p UE shall monitor the HS-SCCH subframes in HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH (if scheduled)
periodically.

p UE has received an HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH (if scheduled) during the last
Inactivity_Threshold_for_UE_DRX_cycle subframes.

p UE shall monitor E-AGCH transmission from the serving E-DCH cell.

p UE shall monitor E-RGCH transmission.

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 HSPA+ Principle 61

E-AGCH and E-RGCH Monitoring

l UE can apply DRX to E-AGCH and E-RGCH
p There are two main RRC parameters to control E-AGCH and E-RGCH DRX:
Inactivity_Threshold_for_UE_Grant_Monitoring and
UE_DRX_Grant_Monitoring.

l UE can avoid monitoring E-AGCH and E-RGCH channels except for the
following case:
p A scheduled E-DCH transmission has been performed in any of
Inactivity_Threshold_for_UE_Grant_Monitoring previous TTIs.

p UE_DRX_Grant_Monitoring is TRUE and the start of E-AGCH or E-AGCH

transmission overlaps with an HS-SCCH subframe.

p E-AGCH and E-RGCH commands overlap with an E-HICH corresponding to a

scheduled E-DCH transmission.

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 HSPA+ Principle 62

Basic Concepts of HS-SCCH Less

Operation
l Under certain conditions (for example low data rate), HS-
PDSCH (only for first transmission) can carry data without
associated HS-SCCH.

l With HS-SCCH less operation, DL OVSF codes and power can

be saved for low data rate downlink transmission.

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l HS-SCCH less operation mechanism enables the following features:

p The first transmission of small transport blocks on predefined HS-DSCH is

performed without the accompanying HS-SCCH.

p HARQ retransmissions of the first HS-DSCH transmission are accompanied by HS-

SCCH.

p HARQ is limited to two retransmissions and the redundancy version is pre-defined.

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 HSPA+ Principle 63

HS-SCCH Less Operation

l If HS-SCCH less operation is configured by RRC, UE shall
behave as follows:
p UE monitors one or two pre-assigned HS-PDSCH codes every TTI
n HS-PDSCH CRC is generated based on UE specific H-RNTI.

p UE performs a blind decoding of HS-PDSCH, trying some

predefined transport block sizes.

p The modulation mode can only be QPSK.

n Suitable for low data rate transmission

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l The modulation mode can only be QPSK. It is suitable for low data transmission.

l Only four predefined TB formats for MAC-hs PDU are allowed. These formats information
will be informed to UE in RRC signaling.

l At most two predefined HS-PDSCH OVSF codes are assigned per UE. Which OVSF codes
are used will also be informed to UE in RRC signaling.

l HS-PDSCH CRC is UE specific so UE knows that whether the data belongs to it.

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 HSPA+ Principle 64

HS-SCCH Less Operation (continued)

HS-SCCH carries
•Pointer to previous transmission
•Retransmission number
•Transport format
•Channelization codes for HS-PDSCH

HS-SCCH
first transmission first retransmission second retransmission

HS-DPSCH
blind
decoding

HS-DPCCH
NACK ACK
NACK not
transmitted

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l If UE can decode the first transmission successfully, it sends ACK to NodeB on HS-DPCCH.
If UE can not decode the first transmission, it buffers the data but doesn’t send NACK.

l In HS-SCCH less operation mode, the HARQ retransmissions of HS-PDSCH are

accompanied by HS-SCCH.

l HS-SCCH used for HS-SCCH less operation is type 2. It carries the following information for
retransmissions:

p An indication that this is a retransmission of a previous HS-SCCH less operation.

p Whether the retransmission is the first retransmission or the second retransmission.

p The channelization codes and the transport block size used by the retransmission
data.

p A pointer to the previous transmission attempt the retransmission should be soft

combined with.

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 HSPA+ Principle 65

CPC Coexistence with Other HSPA+

Features
Feature UL DTX DL DRX HS-SCCH less

UL DTX N/A Compulsory Possible

DL DRX Possible N/A Possible

HS-SCCH less Possible Possible N/A

HSDPA Compulsory Compulsory Compulsory

HSUPA Compulsory Compulsory Possible

F-DPCH Compulsory Compulsory Compulsory

MIMO Possible Possible Not supported

DL 64 QAM Possible Possible No supported

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l Possible means combination of the features is valid but not mandatory.

l Compulsory means combination of the features is mandatory.

l Not supported means combination is not valid.

l N/A means not applicable.

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 HSPA+ Principle 66

Thank you
www.huawei.com

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