National Junior College Mathematics Department 2015

National Junior College

2015 – 2016 H2 Mathematics
Transformations of Graphs Tutorial

Basic Mastery Questions

Translation, Scaling and Reflection

1. The diagram below shows the graph of y = f(x). The curve crosses the x-axis at the origin, O,
and the point A(2, 0), and has a maximum point at B(1, 1).
Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of
(a) y = 1 f(x) (b) y = f( 2x) (c) y 3f( x 1)
showing in each case the coordinates of the points corresponding to O, A and B.

B(1, 1)

A(2, 0)
x
O

y= 1

2. Describe precisely a sequence of transformations which maps

(a) the graph of x 2 y 2 9 onto the graph of ( x a)2 ( y b)2 9, where a and b are
constants.
( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 2 ( y 3)2
(b) the graph of y 2 1 onto the graph of 1.
9 36 4

Step 1:translate 0.5 units in the -ve x axis direction

Step 2: Scale parallel to x

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Modulus, Square-root and Reciprocal Grpahs

y
3.

3, 4
y f ( x)
3

2 1 0 x

The above diagram shows a sketch of the curve y f ( x) . The curve passes through the origin,
the point 2, 0 and has a maximum point at 3, 4 . The lines x 1 and y 3 are
asymptotes to the curve. On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of

1
(i) y f x , (ii) y 2 f ( x) , (iii) y .
f ( x)

Practice Questions

1. The curve shown below is the graph of y f x . The curve intersects the axes at A 0, 5 and
B 2, 0 , and has a maximum point at C 3, 5 . The lines x 1 and y 2 are the
asymptotes of the curve.
y

y f x

C A

y 2
x
B O

x 1
x
Sketch the graph of y f 1 , indicating clearly the asymptotes, axial intercepts and the
2
points corresponding to A, B and C where appropriate.

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2. A curve y = f(x) undergoes, in succession, the following transformations:

A : Translation of magnitude 2 units in the direction of the x-axis,

B : Scaling parallel to the x-axis by a factor of 12 ,
C : Reflection in the y-axis,
D : Translation of magnitude 1 unit in the direction of the y-axis.

The resulting curve has equation y 1 e2 x 1

. Determine the equation of the curve before the
four transformations were effected.

3. State precisely a sequence of transformations which maps the circle in diagram I onto the
ellipse in diagram II. State the equation of the ellipse.
y

x x

Diagram II
Diagram I

4. The graph of y f ( x) has a minimum turning point at (4, 0) and passes through the origin. The
lines x 2 and y 2 are asymptotes to the graph, as shown in the diagram below.
y

y f ( x)

x
O 2 4

1
(i) State the range of values of x for which the graph of y is decreasing.
f(x)
(ii) Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of
(a) y f (| x |) 2 (b) y f x 1 (c) y f x 1 ,
showing clearly the equations of all asymptotes and the coordinates of the stationary
points.

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5. The diagram shows the graph of y f ( x) .

y

C (0,5)
D (6,4)

y=2
x
A (-3,0) 0 B (3,0)

x= 2 x=2

On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of

1 For part one, observe that it is w.r.t y since it’s
(i) y f x , (ii) y . outside the function of F(X)=> do square root first
f x followed by -ve
In each case, state the equations of any asymptotes and the coordinates of the points
corresponding to A, B, C and D where appropriate.

6. The diagram below shows the curve given by y = f(x) having x-intercepts at x = 2, 1 and 6.
y

4
x
2 O 1 6

(i) Sketch the graph C1 given by y2 = f(x), indicating clearly the behaviour of the graph along
the x-axis.

(ii) Give a full description of the graph C2 given by the equation

2 x2 a 2 y 2 16 x 32 2a 2 0 , where a > 0 and a 2.
Sketch C2 on a separate diagram, indicating any axial intercepts.

(iii) Determine the range of values of a such that C1 and C2 intersect at exactly
two distinct points.

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7. y y

y
2
f ( x) 4 y = |f(x)|
y=2

x x
O –2 O
y = –2

The sketches above are the graphs of y 2 f ( x) and y f( x) respectively. Sketch the
graphs of y f x and y 3 f (2 x 1) on separate diagrams.

8. The graph of y f (2 x 1) is shown in the diagram. On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs
of
y B (1, 4)
(i) y f ( x) ,
y f (2 x 1)
1
(ii) y , y=1
f x
A (0, 1)
(iii) y f( x) , x
O
(iv) y f x .

x= 1

ax b
9. It is given that f ( x) for non-zero constants a, b, c and d.
cx d
(i) Given that ad bc 0 , show by differentiation that the graph of y f ( x) has no
turning points.
(ii) What can be said about the graph of y f ( x) when ad bc 0 ?
3x 7
(iii) Deduce from part (i) that the graph of y has a positive gradient at all points
2x 1
of the graph.
(iv) On separate diagrams, without using the graphing calculator, draw sketches of the
graphs of
3x 7 3x 7
(a) y (b) y 2
2x 1 2x 1
1
(v) State the sequence of transformations which transform the graph of y
x
3x 7
to the graph of y .
2x 1

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4x 5
10. The diagram below shows the graph of y = .
1 x2
y

5
1
2 ,4

( 2, 1)

x
1 O 1

Without using the graphing calculator, sketch on separate diagrams, the graphs of

5 4x
(i) y
1 x2
8x 5
(ii) y=
1 4 x2
4x 5
(iii) y2 =
1 x2
1 x2
(iv) y=
4x 5

Indicate clearly the equations of any asymptotes and the coordinates of the turning points
and intercepts on the axes.

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Further Practice Questions

y
1.
y g( x)

1 x
O

1
x= 1

The graph of y g( x) above intersects the x-axis at ( , 0) and ( , 0), where 1 and 1. It
has a turning point (0, 1) and a vertical asymptote x 1.

y g( x) undergoes two transformations in sequence: a translation of 1 unit in the positive y-

direction, followed by a scaling of factor 2 parallel to the x-axis. The resulting graph is y h( x).

1
Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of y h( x) and y , showing clearly all relevant
g( x)
asymptotes, intercepts and turning point(s), where possible.

y y
2. y f x
y2 f x

2
2
1
x x
1 O 1 1 O 1
2 2
2

The diagrams show the graphs of y f (x) and y 2 f x . On separate diagrams, sketch the
graphs of

(i) y f x ,
1
(ii) y 2f x ,
2
showing clearly the asymptotes and the coordinates of the intersections with the axes.

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3. The diagram below shows the graph of y f ( x) . The graph crosses the x-axis at x 0 ,
x 2 and has a turning point at (3,3). The asymptotes of the graph are x 1 and y 2 .
y

(3,3)

x
0 1 2

Sketch, on separate clearly labelled diagrams, the graphs of

1
(i) y ,
f x

(ii) y f x 1 .

4. The diagram shows the graph of y f (2 x) which has asymptotes x 2 and y 0 . The
curve passes through the origin and has a minimum point (2, 4) .
y

y 0 x
O

(2, 4)
x 2

Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of

1
(i) y f (2 x 4) , (ii) y f ( 2 | x |) , (iii) y .
f ( x)

5. Consider the graph of y f ( x) in Practice Question 4. Sketch the graph of y 2 f ( x) ,

showing clearly the equations of all asymptotes and the shape of the graph at the origin.

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Challenging Questions

1. List the sequence of simple transformations to obtain the following seemingly simple
transformations of y f( x) . Write down the equations of the graph after the transformations.
(i) Reflection about the line x a
(ii) Reflection about the line y b
(iii) Reflection about the origin
(iv) Reflection about the line y x
(v) Anticlockwise rotation of 90 about the origin

2. Given the graph y f( x) below, give a suggestion for the equation of the graph in the
second diagram.

y y
y f( x)
2
x
–1 1 –2 2
–2

3. Refer to the graph of y f (2 x 1) in Practice Question 8. Sketch the graph of | y 1| f x .

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