National Junior College Mathematics Department 2016

National Junior College

2015 – 2016 H2 Mathematics
Vectors II: Tutorial 1 Tutorial Solutions

Basic Mastery Questions

1 4 2
1(a) r 3 1 , (b) r 1 ,
2 2 5

3 1
(c) (2 t )i j t k 2i j t i k .r 1 0 ,
4 1

1 8 1 8 9
(d) The line is perpendicular to both 0 and 3 , so it is parallel to 0 3 27 or
3 3 3 3 3
3 4 3
9 . Hence the equation of line is r 1 9 , .
1 2 1

2 1
x 2 y 1 z 3
2(a) r 1 1 , ; ( )
1 1 1
3 1
1 2
1 x y 1 x 1 y 1
(b) ,z 1 ,z 1; r 1 3 ,
2 3 2 3
1 0

6 1 5 2
3(a) l1 : r 4 0 and l2 : r 2 2
0 1 0 1
6 5 2 (I)
4 2 2 (II)
(III)
From (II) and (III), we have 1 and 1.
Substitute 1 and 1 into (I),
LHS 7
RHS 5 2 7 LHS
Therefore, they intersect at 7, 4, 1 and are not skew lines.

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2 2 4 2
(b) l1 : r 3 3 and l2 : r 1 1
1 1 1 2
2 2 4 2 (I)
3 3 1 (II)
1 1 2 (III)

1 7
From (I) and (II), we have and .
2 2
1 7
Substitute and into (III),
2 2
3
LHS
2
RHS 6 LHS

Since they do not intersect and they are not parallel lines (their direction vectors are not
scalar multiples of each other), they are skew lines.

(c) r i j k (i j k ), and r ( i j k ), are parallel lines since their

direction vectors are parallel. ( i j k i j k , and they are distinct since the origin
lies on r ( i j k ), but not r i j k (i j k ), .

4(a)

Parametric form: Scalar-product form: Cartesian form:

1 3 1 3 1 1 x 5 y 2z 9
r 2 1 1 , , . n 1 1 5
1 1 2 1 2 2
1 1 1
r 5 2 5 9
2 1 2

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(b)

Parametric form: Scalar-product form: Cartesian form:

3 1 1 1 1 6 3 3x z 9
r 0 1 t 1 , ,t . n 1 1 0 2 0
0 3 3 3 3 2 1
3 3 3
r 0 0 0 9
1 0 1

(c)

Parametric form: Scalar-product form: Cartesian form:

1 2 1 2 2 2x y z 0
r 1 t 1 , ,t . n 1 1 1
1 3 1 3 1
2 0 2
r 1 0 1 0
1 0 1

(d)

Parametric form: Scalar-product form: Cartesian form:

0 2 0 2 4 1 x 2z 0
r 4 0 , , . n 4 0 0 4 0
0 1 0 1 8 2
1
r 0 0
2

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(e)

Parametric form: Scalar-product form: Cartesian form:

3 0 2 0 2 2 1 x y 2z 4
r 1 s 2 t 4 , s, t . n 2 4 2 2 1
3 1 3 1 3 4 2
1 3 1
r 1 1 1 4
2 3 2

5(a) Cartesian form: x y z 2

Parametric form:

Let x be , y be , then z 2 .
0 1 0
r 0 0 1 , , .
2 2 1 1

(b) Scalar-product form:

1 1 9 3
n 1 2 3 3 1
4 1 3 1
3 1 3
r 1 2 1 0
1 1 1

(c) Parametric form:

Let x be , y be .
then z 2 3 2 .
0 1 0
r 0 0 1 , , .
2 3 2 2 3 2

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2 3 0
6. l :r 4 5 , ; p :r 1 1
5 4 0
2 3
Let the position vector of the point of intersection, P, be 4 5 for some fixe .
5 4
2 3 0
4 5 1 1 1 . Thus, the point of intersection is 1, 1, 1 .
5 4 0

7(a) Their normal vectors are not parallel, so the planes intersect.

Step 1: We need to find an arbitrary point A on the common line of intersection l.

0
To find this arbitrary point A, let us choose point A to be a y .
z
Now, since a lies on both planes, it has to satisfy equations of both planes.
For line of intersections btw 2 planes always work with the scalar product formula
0 3
Thus y 2 10 2 y z 10 -------(1) and 0 2 y z 5 2 y z 5 ---------(2)
z 1
0
Solving (1) and (2) for y and z, we get y 1.25, z 7.5 . Thus a 1.25 .
7.5
3 1 4 2
Step 2: The direction vector of l is given by 2 2 2 2 1 .
1 1 8 4

0 2
Step 3: Thus the equation of l is r 1.25 1 , .
7.5 4

(b) A normal vector of the plane r i 2 j k ( i j 4k ) (i 2j k ), , is

1 1 9
1 2 3 .
4 1 3
3
A normal vector of the plane 3x y z 3 is 1 .
1

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9 3
The normal vectors are parallel as 3 3 1 , so the planes are parallel and have no
3 1
intersection

8(a) No pair of normal vectors are parallel.

x 4.5
Using a GC to solve the 3 equations simultaneously, we have y 1 which is the
z 1.5
position of the point of intersection.

(b) No pairs of normal vectors are parallel.

x 1
Using a GC to solve the 3 equations simultaneously, we have y 0.5 z .
z z
1 0
Let z , the equation of the line of intersection is r 0 0.5 , .
0 1

6 3 3
(c) Obviously their normal vectors 2 , 1 1 are parallel, and 6 x 2 y z 2 ,
and
1 0.5 0.5
6 x 2 y z 6 and 6 x 2 y z 10 are distinct planes. Possible extension
question:
For (c), can we key in
Thus, all the 3 planes are parallel and they do not intersect.
the equations into a
GC directly to make a
conclusion?
Practice Questions

2 1
1. vector equation of l1 : r 1 s 1 , s and
4 3
2 a
vector equation of l2 : r 2 b , .
2 0

When the two lines intersect,

2 s 2 a
2
1 s 2 b s by considering the k component
3
4 3s 2

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2
By substituting s into the vector equation of l1 , we get the position vector of the point
3
8
3
1 8 1
of intersection . Its coordinates are , ,2 .
3 3 3
2

14 7
We obtain a or b
3 3
Thus, a 2b

1 0 1
2. (i) When 1, r = 2 2 4 OP
3 1 2
Therefore, l1 passes through the point P.
1 1 1
(ii) Let M be any point on l2 , OM 2 PM 2 4 4 2 .
4 4 2 2

2
PM (4 2 )2 (2 )2 6 2
12 20 (shown) Since
2
6 12 20 6( 1)2 14 .
Therefore, the shortest distance is 14 when 1.

4 1
3. l:r 6 3 , .
12 2
(i) When x 0 , 4 0 4
y 6 4 3 6
z 12 4 2 4
0
The position vector of the point is 6 .
4
(ii) The xy-plane is the plane z = 0.
When z 0 , 12 2 0 6
x 4 61 2
y 6 6 3 12

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2
The position vector of the point is 12 .
0
(iii) The xz-plane is the plane y = 0.
When y 0 , 6 3 0 2
x 4 21 2
z 12 2 2 8
2
The position vector of the point is 0 .
8

x 3 3z
4(i) From GC, solving the equations gives y 1 3z .
z z
3 3
Thus, line of intersection is r 1 3 , by letting z .
0 1

(ii) For the 3 planes to have no common point, p1 must be parallel to the line of intersection of
p2 and p3 .

Thus direction vector of the line must be perpendicular to the normal vector of p1 ,
3 2
3 a 0
1 b
6 3a b 0
3a b 6
3
and a point on this line, say the point with position vector 1 , must not lie on p1 ,
0
3 2
1 a 5
0 b
6 a 5
a 1

Thus the conditions are 3a b 6 and a 1 .

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3 3 2
(iii) Now the point with position vector 1 must lie on p1 , 1 a 5 a 1
0 0 b

3 1 b 6 b 3

5(i) OP OA
P
3 1 1
OB 3OP 3 Q
By Ratio Theorem, OQ 2 3 O
4 4 3
1 4
B
15 1
15
OR 5OQ 10 3 , where .
4
5 4
15 1 11
(ii) p :r 10 3 7 , , .
5 4 8
1 11 52 2 2
3 7 52 26 2 n 2 is a normal vector of p.
4 8 26 1 1
1 2 2 15 2
Line AL: r 3 2 , and plane p: r 2 10 2 55 .
4 1 1 5 1
Since L lies on both line AL and plane p, it satisfies both equations.
101
1 2 2 9
55 137
3 2 2 55 . Thus OL .
9 9
4 1
19
9
Let A’ be point of reflection. Using Ratio Theorem,
211
9
OA OA ' 247
OL OA ' .
2 9
74
9

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2 x y 3z 1
6(i) Using a GC to solve simultaneously, we obtain the equation of
x 2y z 2
0 1
l: r 1 1 , .
To find out whether a line lies in a plane, sub in the coordinates representing
0 1 the eqn of the line into the parametric eqn of the plane
(ii) Substitute x ,y 1 and z into the equation of p3 ,
LHS 2 1 3 1 k 21 2 0 for all k .
Hence l lies in p3 for all k.

Substitute x 2, y 3 and z 4 into the equation of p3 ,

the pt only lies on the plane when k=-3
4 3 12 1 k ( 2 6 4 2) 0 k 3
Equation of plane is 2 x y 3z 1 3( x 2 y z 2) 0 .
Simplifying it, we have x y 1 0 .
Possible extension question:
What other method can we
use to verify a line lies in a
plane?

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