Name of the Chapter: 1.Crop Production and Management.

Std-VIIISubject: Science

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Student will able to:

• Preparation of the soil for a suitable crop

∙ Crops & their types according to seasonal changes.
• Importance of irrigation and about the sources of irrigation.
• The effective use of weedicide, pesticides and insecticides.
• Crops improvement, crop rotation and organic farming.
• Safe Storage of grains.
• Type of food products obtained from animals

Previous Knowledge:Students will be asked to answer the following Questions:

 What do you mean by the term Agriculture and what are its branches?
 What is the difference between crops and plants?
 What are the different types of soil?
 Explain the importance of rhizobium bacteria for increasing soil fertility
 LIFE SKILLS:

The following life skills can be inculcated through the teaching of this chapter in the
class:

 Students will be able to understand about crops with varyingseasons.

 They will be able to understand about thevarious practicesa farmer does in
his field.
 They will get awareness about the types of nutrients (either manure or
fertilizer) required forthefield.
 About the weedicides to remove weeds from the crops
 They will learn about the effective use of weedicide, pesticides and
insecticides.
 Skills of Crops improvement, crops rotation and organic farming.
 Skills of Safe Storage of grains.
 Type of food products obtains from animals.

Subtopic Explanation New words

Agriculture  What is agriculture? synthesis,agricultural

 Various branches of agriculture practices,animal husbandry
Crop plants  Types of crops by giving examples.
  Types of nutrients also need to be explained
Steps involved in crop  Explain by drawing a flowchart
production Teacher will explain all agricultural practices with
the help of pictures.

1.

aAct Steps involved in Teacher will Explain all the steps by giving crop,fertilizers,granaries,
agriculture examples, drawing various agricultural tools.

Levelling Also talk about advantages of leveling.

Manures Discuss the types of manures

Reading and discussion of the content/ concepts
mentioned will be done in the class.

Outcome
Students will recognize various tools used in
agriculture by observing pictures.

Fertilisers Teacher will explain various methods of sowing by fertiiliser

Sub topic: showing pictures or drawing diagrams.
1.Disadvantages of fertilisers

2. Advantages of manures over

fertilizers

3. Sowing

4. Transplantation

OUTCOMES : Students will nowbe able to explain

Sowing, Use of Manures And Fertilizers, Their
Comparisons

Nourishing the Earth

In a humble village, young Raj learned the vital

role of fertilizers from his wise grandfather. With
reverence for the land, Raj applied fertilizers,
understanding they were not just nutrients, but a
promise to care for the earth. As the crops
flourished, Raj shared his knowledge, inspiring his
community to embrace sustainable farming
practices. With each harvest, they honored the gift
of fertilizers, nurturing the soil for generations to
come.

Irrigation, Its Sources, Traditional nitrogen, fertilizers

And Modern Methods Of Irrigation Explanation can be done by following ways: constituents ,host,parasites
(Sprinkler And Drip) irrigation *What is required for proper growth and development of
techniques. flowers, fruits and seeds of plants?
*Why the water is essential for germination of seeds? *In
Crop Protection the
summer season the frequency of watering the crops is
higher, why it is so?
*Sources of irrigation
*Traditional methods of irrigation by using moat, chain
pump, dhekli, rahat.
*Modern methods of irrigation sprinkler and drip
irrigation.

Explain about weeding, Pest control, biological control.

Students can now make out the better way of

irrigation.
Harvesting Explain about types of harvesting – threshing & harvesting, threshing
winnowing winnowing, silos ,granaries

Storage & distribution

*How can wekeep grains for longer time?
*Freshly harvested seeds are dried
*About silos and granaries
Natural ways to store food grains

Methods of increasing crop Methods to be discussed are: crop rotation, mixed

production cropping, field fallow and HYVs

Methods of hybridization

Green revolution

Animal husbandry Explain terms like: Pisciculture, apiculture, milch Pisciculture, apiculture, mil
animals, livestock animals. animals, livestock animals.

HOTS & REASONING BASED QUESTIONS-

1. How might advancements in agricultural technology impact small-scale farmers differently
than large-scale commercial farmers?
2. A farmer is facing a severe pest infestation in their fields. Propose an integrated pest
management plan that minimizes environmental impact while effectively controlling pests.
3. Design a water management strategy for a region facing water scarcity, considering factors
such as drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting, and water-efficient crop selection.
4. As a policymaker, prioritize investments in agricultural research and development to address
pressing challenges such as climate change adaptation, soil conservation, and food security.
5. Given limited resources, prioritize crop varieties for breeding programs based on their
potential to improve yields, nutritional quality, and resilience to pests and diseases.
6. If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
7. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
 VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
1. 1. How can sustainable agricultural practices, such as organic farming and crop rotation,
contribute to environmental conservation? Discuss the importance of preserving
biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems.
2. 2. As a farmer, you notice that some of your neighboring farms are using harmful
pesticides that are polluting nearby water sources and harming wildlife. What actions
would you take to address this issue while promoting responsible farming practices
within your community?
3. In a drought-affected region, farmers are struggling to produce enough food to feed
their families and communities. Discuss the role of innovative farming techniques, water
conservation methods, and community support systems in ensuring food security
during challenging times.
4. 3. Many farms use animal manure as a natural fertilizer for crops. How can farmers
ensure that animals are treated ethically and humanely while also utilizing their waste
for agricultural purposes? Discuss the importance of animal welfare in sustainable
farming practices.
5. 4. A small-scale farmer is considering switching from conventional farming methods to
organic farming practices. Analyze the economic benefits and challenges of
transitioning to organic farming, considering factors such as market demand,
production costs, and long-term sustainability.
6. 5. Imagine you are part of a farming cooperative in a rural village. How can collaboration
among farmers within the community lead to improved crop production, resource
sharing, and collective problem-solving? Discuss the importance of community solidarity
in agricultural development.
7. 6. Indigenous communities have developed unique farming practices over generations
that are adapted to their local environments. Explain the importance of respecting and
preserving indigenous knowledge in modern agricultural practices, and discuss ways to
integrate traditional wisdom with contemporary farming techniques.
8. 7. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture can lead to
environmental pollution and health risks for farmers and consumers. How can
promoting organic farming and the consumption of locally-grown, nutritious foods
contribute to improved public health and well-being?

ASSESSMENT

Students will be assessed on the basis of

 Classroom activity
 MCQs and very short answer questions
 Class tests
 Worksheets
  Constant evaluation in class by asking random questions

LEARNING OUTCOME –

1. Understanding the Importance of Agriculture: Students should understand the

significance of agriculture in providing food, fiber, and other resources essential for
human survival and economic development.
2. Knowledge of Crop Cultivation: Students should be able to describe the process of
crop cultivation, including land preparation, sowing/planting, watering, fertilizing, and
pest control.
3. Types of Crops: Students should be able to identify different types of crops such as
cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and oilseeds, and understand their significance in
agriculture.
4. Soil Management: Students should understand the importance of soil health and
fertility for crop production, including concepts like soil conservation, soil erosion
prevention, and soil improvement techniques.
5. Water Management: Students should learn about the importance of water in
agriculture, various methods of irrigation, water conservation techniques, and the
impact of water scarcity on crop production.
6. Crop Protection: Students should understand the various pests, diseases, and weeds
that affect crops, as well as different methods of pest control, including biological,
chemical, and cultural methods.
7. Harvesting and Storage: Students should be familiar with the harvesting process for
different crops and understand the importance of proper storage techniques to prevent
post-harvest losses.
8. Sustainable Agriculture Practices: Students should learn about the principles of
sustainable agriculture, including organic farming, integrated pest management, and the
importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem balance.
9. Environmental Impact: Students should understand the environmental impact of
agricultural practices, including issues such as deforestation, soil degradation, water
pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions, and learn about sustainable solutions.
10. Economic and Social Aspects: Students should be able to discuss the economic and
social aspects of crop production and management, including the role of agriculture in
rural livelihoods, food security, and global food trade.
MINDMAP