Basic W-, S-, C- and MC Shapes

Design Values W-Shapes

S-, C- and MC-Shapes
ASTM A992
ASTM A36
Fy = 50 ksi
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi
This reference is based upon simplifying assump-
tions and arbitrarily selected limitations. Direct use
of the 2022 AISC Specification (ANSI/AISC 360-
22) may be less constrained and less conservative.

Condition ASD LRFD Related Info

For Ae, see AISC Specification

Tension 0.6Fy Ag ≤ 0.5Fu Ae 0.9Fy Ag ≤ 0.75Fu Ae
Equation D3-1.

Lb ≤ Lp 0.66Fy Sx 0.99Fy Sx
300ry
Lp =
Strong Axis Lp < Lb ≤ Lr Use linear interpolation between Lp and Lr. Fy
Bending See Note 1.1.
Lb = Lr 0.42Fy Sx 0.63Fy Sx Lr and strength when
Lb > Lr are given in
Weak Axis 0.9Fy Sy 1.35Fy Sy the AISC Manual.

Shear (in strong axis) 0.4Fy Aw 0.6Fy Aw See Note 1.2.

Lc r ≤ 800 Fy 0.6Fy Ag (0.658)P 0.9Fy Ag (0.658)P

Fy (Lc r )
2

Compression P=
150, 000 Ag 226, 000 Ag 286, 000
Lc r > 800 Fy
(Lc r )
2
(Lc r )
2
See Note 1.3.

Notes
1.1 Multiply equations given for strong axis with Lb ≤ Lp, or weak axis, by values in parentheses for W21×48 (0.99), W14×90 (0.97), W12×65 (0.98),
W10×12 (0.99), W8×10 (0.99), W6×15 (0.95) and W6×8.5 (0.98).
1.2 Multiply equations given by 0.9 for W44×230, W40×149, W36×135, W33×118, W30×90, W24×55, W16×26 and W12×14 and all C- and MC-
shapes. In weak axis, equations can be adapted by using Aw = 1.8bf tf.
1.3 Not applicable to slender shapes. For slender shapes, use Ae from AISC Specification Section E7 in place of Ag. For C- and MC- shapes, see
AISC Specification Section E4.
Connected Parts Basic
Bolts
Group A (ASTM F3125 Grades A325 and F1852)
Group B (ASTM F3125 Grades A490 and F2280)
Fu = 120 ksi
Fu = 150 ksi
Design Values
This reference is based upon simplifying assump-
Group C (ASTM F3043 and F3111) Fu = 200 ksi tions and arbitrarily selected limitations. Direct use
Welds FEXX = 70 ksi – of the 2022 AISC Specification (ANSI/AISC 360-
22) may be less constrained and less conservative.

Condition ASD LRFD Related Info

Tension 0.38Fu Ab 0.56Fu Ab —
Shear (N bolts, per shear plane) 0.23Fu Ab 0.34Fu Ab Multiply by 1.25 for X bolts.
Bolts

Slip Resistance (Class A, STD holes) 0.12Fu Ab 0.18Fu Ab Per slip plane. See Note 2.1.
Bearing 1.2db tFu 1.8db tFu
See Note 2.2.
Tearout 0.6lc tFu 0.9lc tFu
Shear (all welds except CJP) 0.3FEXX Awe ≤ 0.3Fu ABM 0.45FEXX Awe ≤ 0.45Fu ABM See Note 2.3.
PJP Tension 0.32FEXX Aw ≤ 0.5Fu ABM 0.48FEXX Aw ≤ 0.75Fu ABM
Welds

See AISC Specification

Groove Compression
0.48FEXX Aw ≤ 0.6Fy ABM 0.72FEXX Aw ≤ 0.9Fy ABM Section J2.1a.
Welds (joint not finished to bear)
CJP Groove Welds Strength equal to base metal. —
For Ae, see AISC Specification
Tension 0.6Fy Ag ≤ 0.5Fu Ae 0.9Fy Ag ≤ 0.75Fu Ae
Connected Parts

Equation D3-1.
Shear 0.4Fy Ag ≤ 0.3Fu An 0.6Fy Ag ≤ 0.45Fu An —
Block Shear 0.3Fu Anv + 0.5Ubs Fu Ant 0.45Fu Anv + 0.75Ubs Fu Ant See Note 2.4.
Lc /r ≤ 25 0.6Fy A 0.9Fy A
Compression —
Lc /r > 25 Same as for W-shapes with Ag = A.
Notes
2.1 For Class B multiply by 1.67. Multiply by values in parentheses for SSL perpendicular to load direction (1.0), OVS or SSL parallel to load
direction (0.85), and LSL holes (0.70). Multiply by 0.85 if multiple fillers are used within grip.
2.2 For LSL holes perpendicular to load direction, multiply by 0.83.
2.3 For fillet welds, multiply by 1.5 for transverse loading (90-degree load angle). For other load angles, see AISC Specification Section J2.
2.4 For calculation purposes, Fu Anv cannot exceed Fy Agv. Ubs = 1.0 for a uniform tension stress; 0.5 for non-uniform tension stress.
 Basic HSS Members
Design Values Round Rectangular
This reference is based upon simplifying assump- ASTM A500 Grade C Fy = 46 ksi Fu = 62 ksi Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 62 ksi
HSS
tions and arbitrarily selected limitations. Direct use ASTM A1085 Grade A Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi
of the 2022 AISC Specification (ANSI/AISC 360-
Pipe ASTM A53 Grade B Fy = 35 ksi Fu = 60 ksi – –
22) may be less constrained and less conservative.

Condition ASD LRFD Related Info

For Ae, see AISC Specification
Tension 0.6Fy Ag ≤ 0.5Fu Ae 0.9Fy Ag ≤ 0.75Fu Ae
Equation D3-1.
Rectangular HSS 0.66Fy S 0.99Fy S See Note 3.1.
Bending
Round HSS and Pipe 0.78Fy S 1.17Fy S See Note 3.2.
Rectangular HSS 0.36Fy Aw 0.54Fy Aw See Note 3.3.
Shear
Round HSS and Pipe 0.18Fy Ag 0.27Fy Ag See Note 3.4.
Lc r £ 800 Fy 0.6Fy Ag(0.658)P 0.9Fy Ag(0.658)P 2
Fy ( Lc r )
Compression P=
150, 000 Ag 226, 000 Ag 286, 000
Lc r > 800 Fy 2 2
(Lc r ) (Lc r ) See Note 3.5.

Notes
Table 3.1. Size Limits for Rectangular HSS, in.* 3.1 Not applicable if size limit from Table 3.1 at left is exceeded (see
Nominal Wall Thickness, in. ⁄
78 ⁄
34 ⁄
58 ⁄
12 ⁄
38 ⁄
5 16 ⁄
14 ⁄
3 16 ⁄
18 Section F7).
3.2 Not applicable if D/t > 2,030/Fy (see Section F8).
Flange 22 20 16 12 10 8 6 5 3 3.3 Not applicable if size limit from Table 3.1 at left is exceeded (see
Bending Section G4).
Web 24 24 24 24 20 18 14 10 7 3.4 Equations provided for shear yielding. See AISC Specification
Section G5 for shear buckling provisions.
Shear 24 24 24 24 20 18 14 10 7 3.5 For rectangular HSS, if size limit from Table 3.1 at left is exceeded
Compression 24 24 20 16 12 10 8 6 4 use Ae from AISC Specification Section E7 in place of Ag. For round
HSS and Pipe where D/t > 3,190/Fy, use Ae from AISC Specification
*Table only covers up to 88-in. periphery Section E7 in place of Ag.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

ANSI/AISC 360-22 is available free at aisc.org/specifications.
P325-23A © AISC 2022
Analysis and Design Basic
Simplified Method (see Note 4.1) Design Values
Step 1 Perform first-order elastic analysis. Use 0.002 times the total story gravity load as lateral This reference is based upon simplifying assump-
load in gravity-only combinations. tions and arbitrarily selected limitations. Direct use
Step 2 Establish the design story drift limit and determine the lateral load that produces that drift. of the 2022 AISC Specification (ANSI/AISC 360-
Step 3 Determine the ratio of the total story gravity load to the lateral load determined in 22) may be less constrained and less conservative.
Step 2. For ASD, multiply by 1.6.
Step 4 Multiply first-order results by the tabular value. K = 1, except for moment frames when
the tabular value is greater than 1.1.
Design Story Load Ratio from Step 3 (times 1.6 for ASD, 1.0 for LRFD)
Drift Limit 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 120
H/100 1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5/1.4 When ratio exceeds 1.5, simplified method
H/200 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4/1.3 1.5/1.4 requires a stiffer

K=1
H/300 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5/1.4 structure.
H/400 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4/1.3 1.5
H/500 1 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4
Notes W
 here two values are provided, the value in bold is the value associated with RM = 0.85.
Interpolation between values in the table may produce an incorrect result.

Forces and
Elastic Methods Effective Length
Moments
Limitations References
First-Order Analysis Method—second-order effects cap- K = 1 for all frames ∆2nd/∆1st ≤ 1.5; Specification
From analysis
tured from effects of additional lateral load (see Note 4.2) axial load limited Appendix 7.3
Effective Length Method—second-order analysis with K = 1, except for
From analysis Specification
0.2% of total gravity load as lateral load in gravity-only moment frames ∆2nd/∆1st ≤ 1.5
(see Note 4.3) Appendix 7.2
combinations (see Note 4.3) with ∆2nd/∆1st > 1.1
Direct Analysis Method—second-order analysis with no- From analysis Specification
K = 1 for all frames None
tional lateral load and reduced EI and AE (see Note 4.3) (see Note 4.3) Chapter C
Notes
∆2nd/∆1st is the ratio of the second-order drift to first-order drift, which is also represented by B2.
4.1 Derived from the effective length method, using B1-B2 approximation with B1 taken equal to B2.
4.2 An additional amplification for member curvature effects is required for columns in moment frames.
4.3 The B1-B2 approximation (Appendix 8) can be used to accomplish a second-order analysis within the limitation that B2 ≤ 1.5. Also, B1 and B2
can be taken equal to the multiplier tabulated for the simplified method above.