DIVISIBILITY

RULES
The Divisibility Rules
allow us to test if one
number is divisible by
another, without using a
calculator.
Divisibility by 2
If the last digit of a number is even
(0,2,4,6,8), then the number is divisible
by 2.
Ex.
32 / 2 = 16
128/2 = 64
129/2 = 64 remainder 1
Divisibility by 3
a number is divisible by 3 if the sum
of all digits of a number is divisible by 3
Ex.
1353 = ?
1 + 3 + 5 + 3 = 12
12 is divisible by 3
12/3 = 4
Divisibility by 4
a number is divisible by 4 if the last
2 digits of a number are divisible by 4

Ex.
1512 = ?
Look at the last 2 digits
12 is divisible by 4
Divisibility by 5
A number is divisible by 5 if the last
digit of a number is 0 or 5

Ex
345, 780
Look at the last digit
The last digit is 0
Divisibility by 6
a number is divisible by 6 if the sum
of all number is divisible by both 2 and 3

Ex.
312 642
Calculate the sum of all digits
3+1+2+6+4+2 = 18
18 is divisible by 2 & 3
Divisibility by 8
A number is divisible by 8 if the last
3 digits of a number are divisible by 8

Ex
535 384 divisible by 8?
Look at the last 3 digits
384 is divisible by 8
384 / 8 = 48
Divisibility by 9
a number is divisible by 9 if the sum
of all the digits of a number is divisible
by 9

Ex.
561 321 is divisible by 9 ?
Calculate the sum of all digits
5+6+1+3+2+1 = 18
18 is divisible by 9 = 18/9 = 2
Divisibility by 10
A number is divisible by 10 if the last
digit of a number is 0.

Ex.
805 780 is divisible by 10?
Look at the last digit
The last digit is 0
Divisibility by 11
a number is divisible by 11 if the difference between
the sum of the digit is in the odd places and the sum of the
digits in the even places is divisible by 11
Ex.
Is 298 969 divisible by 11?
Calculate the sum of digits in the odd places (ones,
hundreds, ten thou.)
9+9+9 = 27
Calculate the sum of digits in the even places (tens,
thousands, hundred thous.)
6+8+2 = 16
Calculate the difference between the 2 sums
27-16 = 11
The difference is divisible by 11
Divisibility by 12
a number is divisible by 12 if the
number is divisible by both 3 and 4.

Ex.
405 624 divisible by 12
Calculate the sum of all digits of
4+0+5+6+2+4 = 21
21 is divisible by 3
Look at the last 2 digits
24 is divisible by 24/4 = 6
 LEAST COMMON
MULTIPLE (LCM)

•The least common

multiple is the smallest
number that is common
between two lists of
multiples.
 EXAMPLE:
FIND THE LCM OF 12 AND 18

The multiples of 12: The multiples of 18:

•12 x 1 = 12 •18 x 1 = 18
•12 x 2 =24 •18 x 2 = 36
•12 x 3 = 36 •18 x 3 = 54
•12 x 4 = 48 •18 x 4 = 72
•12 x 5 =60 •18 x 5 = 90
12, 24, 36, 48, 60
18, 36, 54, 72, 90

The first number you see in both lists is 36.

The least common multiple of 12 and 18 is 36.

 EXAMPLE 2:
FIND THE LCM OF 9 AND 10

9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 81, 90, 99

72
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 90, 100,
80
If you don’t see a common multiple, 110
make each list go further.

The LCM of 9 and 10 is 90

 EXAMPLE 3:
FIND THE LCM OF 4 AND 12

4, 8, 12,
16
12, 24, 36
Answer: 12
 EXAMPLE 4:
FIND THE LCM OF 5 AND 8

5, 10, 15, 20, 25,35,

30
8, 16, 24, 32, 40,40
48

Answer: 40
 EXAMPLE 5:
FIND THE LCM OF 6 AND 20

6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 42, 48, 54,

36 60
20, 40, 60, 80, 100,
120

Answer: 60
EXERCISES
Find the divisibility rules
126 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
735 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
2849 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
5350 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
8316 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
78 750 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
325 413 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
473 853 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
638 880 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
874 125 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
GCF (GREATEST
COMMON
FACTOR) AND
LCM (LEAST
COMMON
MULTIPLE)
Greatest Common Factor
The highest number that
divides exactly into two or
more numbers.
It is the "greatest" thing for
simplifying fractions
So ... what is a "Factor" ?
Factors are numbers we can multiply
together to get another number:

A number can have many factors:

Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 ...

... because 2 × 6 = 12, or 4 × 3 = 12,

or 1 × 12 = 12.
Least Common Multiple
The smallest positive
number that is a multiple
of two or more numbers.
WORD PROBLEMS
 GCF AND LCM PROBLEM
SOLVING

HOW CAN YOU TELL IF A

WORD PROBLEM REQUIRES
YOU TO USE GREATEST
COMMON FACTOR OR
 GCF AND LCM
PROBLEM SOLVING

First, use the KWL method for approaching all

problems…

• K: What do you know?

• W: What do you want to know

• L: What did you learn?

 IF IT IS A GCF PROBLEM
• What is the question asking us?
• Do we have to split things into smaller sections?
• Are we trying to figure out how many people we
can invite?
• Are we trying to arrange something into rows or
groups?
GCF EXAMPLE: APPLYING WHAT
WE HAVE LEARNED…
• Samantha has two pieces of cloth. One piece is 72
inches wide and the other piece is 90 inches wide.
She wants to cut both pieces into strips of equal
width that are as wide as possible. How wide should
she cut the strips?
 SAMANTHA HAS TWO PIECES OF CLOTH. ONE
PIECE IS 72 INCHES WIDE AND THE OTHER PIECE
IS 90 INCHES WIDE. SHE WANTS TO CUT BOTH
PIECES INTO STRIPS OF EQUAL WIDTH THAT ARE
AS WIDE AS POSSIBLE. HOW WIDE SHOULD SHE
CUT THE STRIPS?

• K: The pieces of cloth are 72 and 90 inches

wide.
• W: How wide should she cut the strips so that
they are the largest possible equal lengths.
 SAMANTHA HAS TWO PIECES OF
CLOTH. ONE PIECE IS 72 INCHES WIDE
AND THE OTHER PIECE IS 90 INCHES
WIDE. SHE WANTS TO CUT BOTH
PIECES INTO STRIPS OF EQUAL WIDTH
THAT ARE
• L: This AS WIDEcan
problem AS POSSIBLE.
be solvedHOW
WIDE SHOULD SHE CUT THE STRIPS?
using Greatest Common Factor
because we are cutting or
“dividing” the strips of cloth into
smaller pieces (factor) of 72 and
90.
• Find the GCF of 72 and 90
 GCF WORD PROBLEM
SOLUTION
2 l 72 2 l 90
2 l 36 3 l 45
2 l 18 3 l 15
3l9 5l5
3l3 1
1

72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
90 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 5

GCF = 2 x 3 x 3 = 18
Samantha should cut each piece to be 18 inches
wide
 IF IT IS AN LCM
PROBLEM
• What is the question asking us?
• Do we have an event that is or
will be repeating over and over?
• Will we have to purchase or get
multiple items in order to have
enough?
• Are we trying to figure out when
something will happen again at
the same time?
LCM EXAMPLE: APPLYING WHAT
WE HAVE LEARNED…
• Ben exercises every 12 days and Isabel every 8
days. Ben and Isabel both exercised today. How
many days will it be until they exercise together
again?
 BEN EXERCISES EVERY 12 DAYS
AND ISABEL EVERY 8 DAYS. BEN
AND ISABEL BOTH EXERCISED
TODAY. HOW MANY DAYS WILL
IT BE UNTIL THEY EXERCISE
TOGETHER AGAIN?
• K: Ben exercises every 12 days
and Isabel every 8 days and they
both exercised today.
• W: How many days is it until they
will both exercise on the same
day again.
 BEN EXERCISES EVERY 12 DAYS AND ISABEL
EVERY 8 DAYS. BEN AND ISABEL BOTH
EXERCISED TODAY. HOW MANY DAYS WILL IT
BE UNTIL THEY EXERCISE TOGETHER AGAIN?

• L: This problem can be solved

using Least Common Multiple.
We are trying to figure out when
will be the next time they are
exercising together.

• Find the LCM of 12 and 8.

LCM WORD PROBLEM
SOLUTION
2 l 12 2l8
2l6 2l4
3l3 2l2
1 1
12 = 2 x 2 x 3
8=2x2x2
LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24

Ben and Isabel would exercise on the same

day every 24 days.
Exercise #3
504 employees from Company A, 648
employees from Company B and 299
employees from Company C are attending a
workshop. Discussion groups are to be formed
such that employees from each of the
companies are distributed equally among all
the groups.
a. What is the greatest number of discussion
groups that can be formed?
b. How many employees from Company B will
there be in each group?
Tricia, Miguel and Ann each had a rope of
equal length. Tricia cut her rope into equal
lengths of 336 cm, Miguel cut his rope into
equal lengths of 560 cm and Ann cut her rope
into equal lengths of 112 cm. If none of them
had any remainder, find the shortest possible
length of rope that they each had at first Give
your answer in meters. ( 0.01cm = 100 meter)
Antonio is working on an art piece. He has
three strips of paper of length 630 cm, 315 cm,
504 cm. He wants to cut the three strips of
paper into shorter pieces of equal length with
no remainders.

a. What is the greatest possible length of each

of the shorter pieces of paper?
b. How many of the shorter pieces of paper
can he get altogether?
 QUIZ!!!!!!

• On a sheet of notebook paper, tell whether

the following word problems could be
solved using GCF or LCM…
• Also Solve Questions 5 - 8
• Write it out in the KWL format you have just
learned.
 QUESTION #1
Mrs. Evans has 120 crayons
and 30 pieces of paper to
give to her students. What is
the largest # of students she
can have in her class so that
each student gets equal # of
crayons and equal # of
paper.
 QUESTION #2
• Rosa is making a game board that is
16 inches by 24 inches. She wants to
use square tiles. What is the largest tile
she can use?
 QUESTION #3
• Z100 gave away a Z $100 bill for every
100th caller. Every 30th caller received
free concert tickets. How many callers
must get through before one of them
receives both a coupon and a
concert ticket?
 QUESTION #4
• Two bikers are riding a circular path.
The first rider completes a round in 12
minutes. The second rider completes
a round in 18 minutes. If they both
started at the same place and time
and go in the same direction, after
how many minutes will they meet
again at the starting point?
 QUESTION #5
SOLVE THE
FOLLOWING:
• Sean has 8-inch pieces of toy train
track and Ruth has 18-inch pieces of
train track. How many of each
piece would each child need to
build tracks that are equal in length?
 QUESTION #6
SOLVE THE
FOLLOWING:
• I am planting 50 apple trees and
30 peach trees. I want the same
number and type of trees per
row. What is the maximum
number of trees I can plant per
row?
 QUESTION # 7
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING:
• Two faucets are dripping. One
faucet will drip every 4 seconds
and the other faucet drips every 9
seconds. If a drop of water falls
from both faucets at the same,
how many seconds will it be
before you see the faucets drip at
the same time again?
 QUESTION # 8
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING:

• Three pieces of timber 42 m, 49

m and 63 m long have to be
divided into planks of the same
length.
What is the greatest possible
length of each plank ?
Question #9
Daniel has 352 pieces of white chocolate
and 320 pieces of milk chocolate. He
wants to put them into boxes. What is
the greatest number of boxes of
chocolate that he can form?
Question #10
Kristel bought some packets of red
beads and some boxes of white beads.
There were 156 red beads in each packet
and 216 white beads in each box. She
realized she had the same number of red
beads and white beads. What was the
minimum number of beads of each color
she bought?
Daniel took 90 minutes, Amelia took 180
minutes and Megan took 150 minutes to swim
some laps. They swam the same number of
laps.

a. Find the greatest possible number of laps

that each of them swam.
b. How long did Amelia take to swim each lap?
INTEGER OPERATIONS
Students will solve
problems using
addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and
division of positive and
negative integers.
 NUMBER LINE
A number line can be used to show
addition.
(-4)+8
Start at negative 4 on the
number line.

Move to the right 8 spaces.

-10 -5 0 5 10

The answer is…

1 2 34 56 78
4
 NUMBER LINE (CONT.)
A number line can be used to show
subtraction.
(6)–8
Start at positive 6 on the
number line.

Move to the left 8 spaces.

-10 -5 0 5 10

The answer is…

87654321
-2
 ADDITION
When adding positive and negative
numbers, first look at the sign and
determine if the signs are the same
Example: or different.
( -3 ) + ( -5 ) ( -3 ) + ( -5 )
Are these the *** Since the signs are
same sign or the same, add the
different signs? numbers and keep the
“THE SAME” same sign.
-(3+5)
Both signs
are
negative.
- 8
 ADDITION (CONT.)
Example:

( -8 ) + ( 12 ) ( -8 ) + ( 12 )
Are the signs the same or
Which number is
different? bigger? 12
“DIFFERENT” What sign is the
12?
“POSITIVE”
*** If the signs are
different, subtract + ( 12 – 8 )
Since our answer is
the 2 numbers and positive we can 4
take the sign of the leave off the sign.

“biggest”.
 ADDITION (CONT.)
Example:

( 7 ) + ( -11 ) ( 7 ) + ( -11 )
Are the signs the same or
Which number is
different? bigger? 11
“DIFFERENT” What sign is the
11?
“NEGATIVE”
If the signs are
different, subtract - ( 11 – 7 )
Since our answer is
the 2 numbers and negative we MUST -4
take the sign of the write the sign.

“biggest”.
 ADDITION (CONT.)
When the numbers have different
signs, but are “the same”, what
Example: happens?
When you
( -5 ) + ( 5 )
add two
Since the signs are
different, subtract the opposite
5–5
numbers.
Since neither number is numbers,
0
bigger, the answer gets
neither sign. they always
equal ZERO.
ADDITION SUMMARY

Same sign – add

and keep the
same sign.

Different signs –
subtract and take
the sign of the
ADDITION GUIDED PRACTICE
1. ( - 8 ) + ( - 2 4. ( - 9 ) + ( 9 )
) -10 0

2. ( - 9 ) + ( 2 ) 5. ( 7 ) + ( - 3 )
-7 4

3. ( - 4 ) + ( 8 ) 6. ( 4 ) + ( - 8
4 ) -4
 SUBTRACTION
When you have a subtraction
problem,
re-write it as an addition problem and
change
Example: the sign of the number AFTER
After re-writing the
( -4 ) – ( -8the
) subtraction. problem, follow the
rules for addition.
( -4 ) +… Change it to addition.

( -4 ) + ( 8 ) Change the sign of the 8.

+ ( 8 – 4 Since the signs are different, subtract and
take the sign of the “biggest”.
) 4
 SUBTRACTION (CONT.)
Example:

(-8)–(7)
Re-write the REMEMBER: When you
change it to addition,
( - 8problem.
)+(-7) change the sign of the
number after the subtraction
Since the signs are sign.
the same, add
and keep the
same sign.
-(8+7)
- 15
SUBTRACTION SUMMARY
Change subtraction to
addition and change the
sign of the number after
the subtraction.
Follow rules for addition.
 SUBTRACTION
GUIDED PRACTICE
1. ( - 9 ) – ( 9 ) 3. ( - 7 ) – ( - 7
Re-write ( - 9 ) + ( - 9 ) ) (-7)+(7)
- 18 0

2. ( 14 ) – ( - 3 4. ( 4 ) – ( 9 )
) ( 14 ) + ( 3 ) (4)+(-9)
17 -5
 MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION
The rules are the same for multiplication &
division.
If the signs are the same, the answer is
positive. Example:
Example: NOTE:
(-5)•(-2) The dot • ( - 15 ) ÷ ( - 3
Multiply the numbers and means ) Divide the numbers
make it positive. multiply. and make it positive.

10 Since the answer 5

is positive, we
can leave off the
sign.
 MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION
(CONT.)
If the signs are different, the answer is
Example: negative. Example: ( - 18 )
( - 4 )( 3 (3)
)Multiply the NOTE: The fraction bar
numbers and make it negative. means divide.
NOTE: Parenthesis next
- 12 to parenthesis means
multiply.
Divide the numbers and
make it negative.

-6
 MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION
SUMMARY

Same sign – the answer

is POSITIVE.

Different signs – the

answer is NEGATIVE.
 MULTIPLY & DIVIDE
GUIDED PRACTICE
1. ( - 64 ) ÷ ( 8 4. ( 7 ) ( - 4 )
) -8 -28
2. ( - 10 ) • ( 5. ( - 3 ) ( - 3 )
2) - 20 9

3. ( - 20 ) 6. -9
(-2) 9
10 -1
 SUMMARY:
Addition Subtraction
Same sign – add Change subtraction
and keep the to addition and
same sign. change the sign of
the number after the
Different signs –
subtraction.
subtract and take
the sign of the Follow rules for
“biggest”. addition.
Multiplication and Division
Same sign – the answer is POSITIVE.
Different signs – the answer is
NEGATIVE.
FOUR OPERATIONS
PEMDAS RULE
What is P.E.M.D.A.S? P.E.M.D.A.S is
the acronym we use to explain the
order of operations. The order of
operations are Parentheses,
Exponents, Multiply, Divide, Add or
Subtract. We must use this order to
solve problems with multiple sign
being used.
Parentheses You may see
Parentheses like ( or ) to show that
this is part of the problem that must
be computed first. Parentheses may
go around multiple numbers and
signs.

Example: (9+67)x36 76x36=2736

Exponents Exponents are basically
the fancy name for powers on
numbers. They mean that there is a
number raised to a base number. To
show an exponent you may use a
sign like ^ before the
power. Example: 7^2x4 49x4=196
Multiply The next stetp to P.E.M.D.A.S
is to multiply, then divide to make the
equasion easier, but you may also
multiply or divide left to right.
Multiplication is done normally in
order of operations. Example: 9x5-
3 40-3=37
Divide After multipling, its time to
divide. Dividing is also done regularlly
in order of operations. We should
divide left to right, but it is not
necessary. Example: 6/3-1 2-1=1
Add Now it is tiime to add. We can
add or subtract left to right, but is
usually easier to add first. We add
normally. Example: 7+4-3 11-3=8
Subtract The last step before
computing your answer is to subtract.
As I said, we do not need to subtract
for multiplying going left to right, but
you may. Subtract normally, then its
time to compute your answer.
Example: 7-5+4 2+4=6
Check One important thing to do once
you have computed your answer is to
check it. First, check your math with a
calculator, then make sure that you
have answered the question entirely.
Example: First
Answer Once
Checked 3x4/6-
1 3x4/6-
1 12/6-
1 12/6-1 6-
1=5 2-1=1
 WORD
PROBLEM
FOR
FRACTIONS
Gemma’s father ordered same pizza
DECIMAL
 Decimals Class #2

Decimal
Operations
Addition & Subtraction of
Decimal Numbers,
Multiplication & Division of
Decimal Numbers
Adding decimals is much like adding whole
numbers.
The “trick” is to make sure you have lined up
the place value columns correctly (KEEP THE
DECIMALS IN 1 COLUMN).

. add:
Example 0.37 + 13.5 + 2.638 = .is
0 7to: Or 0 7 0
3
changed 3
. bette .
1 3 r 1 3 0 0
5 5
. .
+ 2 3 8 + 2 3 8
6 6
Try this one next…

Example add: 0.236 + 2.4 + 2.87 = is

changed to:

.
0 3 6 Or
2
. bette
2 r
4
.
+ 2 7
8
Try this one next…

Example add: 0.236 + 2.4 + 2.87 = is

changed to:

. .
0 3 6 Or 0 3 6
2 2
. bette .
2 r 2 0 0
4 4
. .
+ 2 7 + 2 7 0
8 8
Subtracting decimals is much like adding
decimals, but you subtract AFTER you line up
the decimals in one column.

Example subtract: 14.512 – 8.7 = is changed

to:

. Or .
1 2 1 2 better 1 2 1 2
5 5
. .
- 8 - 8 0 0
7 7
Try this one next…

Example subtract: 9.0 – 3.604 = is changed

to:

. Or
9 better
0
.
- 3 0 4
6
Try this one next…

Example subtract: 9.0 – 3.604 = is changed

to:

8 9 9
Or 1
. .
9 better 9 0 0
0 0
. .
- 3 0 4 - 3 0 4
6 6
Try these two next…

. Then… .
2 7 9 4
1 5 1 2
. .
- 0 - 0
7 8
Try these two next…
6
. Then… .1
2 7 9 4
1 5 1 2
. .
- 0 - 0 0 0
7 8
Round. this Round
. this
1one
1 to the 6 to 9the
one 4
8 1 4
nearest nearest
WHOLE TENTH
NUMBER
Try these two next…
6
. Then… .1
2 7 9 4
1 5 1 2
. .
- 0 - 0 0 0
7 8
Round this
Round. this . the
1one
1 to the one
6 to 9 4
8 1 nearest
4
nearest
TENTH
WHOLE
NUMBER
11.8 rounds This rounds
to 12 to 16.5
 Multiplication of Decimals
The rules here are, multiply the numbers,
then adjust the decimal in the answer.
There has to be the same number of
decimal places in the answer as the total in
the math.
2.6
Example: 2.6 x .45 becomes… 26
SO WE CHANGE
x .45 1170 TO
THERE ARE 1 AND 2 x 45
DECIMAL PLACES =
3 TOTAL DECIMAL
PLACES IN THE 1.170 130
 Try this one…
Example: 5.3 X 0.5 becomes…
 Try this one…
Example: 5.3 X 0.5 becomes…

5.3
x 0.5 5.3
SO WE CHANGE
265xTO0.5
THERE ARE 1 AND 1
265 →
DECIMAL PLACES =
2 TOTAL DECIMAL 2.65
PLACES IN THE
MATH.
 Division of Decimals
The rules here are, figure out where the
decimal belongs in the answer before you divide
the numbers. Put the decimal point in the
QUOTIENT right above the one inside the
division “box”

Example: Divide 14.4 by 6 6

14.4
will become…
 Division of Decimals
The rules here are, figure out where the
decimal belongs in the answer before you divide
the numbers. Put the decimal point in the
QUOTIENT right above the one inside2.4the
division “box”

Example: Divide 14.4 by 6 6

14.4
will become…
-12
 Try this one…

Example: Divide 20.45 by 5 5

20.45
will become…
 Try this one…
4.09
Example: Divide 20.45 by 5 5
20.45
will become… -
20

45
There’s one trick in Division of decimals…

If the divisor is a decimal, you must move the

decimal points
before you start in BOTH divisor and dividend
before you start.
14.
Example: divide 4.9 by 0.35 becomes…

0.35 4.9 which must become 35

490.
There’s one trick in Division of decimals…

If the divisor is a decimal, you must move the

decimal points
before you start in BOTH divisor and dividend
before you start.
14.
Example: divide 4.9 by 0.35 becomes…

0.35 4.9 which must become 35

490.
Try these four now…
rewrite them as necessary

ADD 2.8 and 9.46

SUBTRACT 10 minus 7.89
MULTIPLY 13.5 times 0.25
DIVIDE 2.76 by 0.6
ADD 2.8 and 9.46

Becomes…
ADD 2.8 and 9.46

Becomes… 2.80
+ 9.46
12.26
SUBTRACT 10 minus 7.89

Becomes…
SUBTRACT 10 minus 7.89

Becomes… 1 0 .0 0
- 7 .8 9
2 .1 1
MULTIPLY 13.5 times 0.25

Becomes…
You do not have to
line up the decimals in
multiplication, just
count the places, and
fix your answer.
MULTIPLY 13.5 times 0.25

1 0 5
Becomes… x 2 5
13.5 2 6 2 5
X .25 The answer must get 3
decimal places… The
right answer is
2.625
DIVIDE 2.76 by 0.6
Becomes… 0.6 2.76

Which changes to…

DIVIDE 2.76 by 0.6
Becomes… 0.6 2.76
4.6
Which changes to… 6 27.6
- 24
36
- 36
0