String Operations Converting Data Types Python 2.

7
Useful String functions: Convert anything to a string:
Essentials
Make lowercase: "A".lower()="a" newstring = str(<any variable>)
POCKET REFERENCE GUIDE
Make UPPERCASE : "a".upper()="A" newstring = str(100)
SANS Institute
Make Title Format: "hi world".title()="Hi World"
Replace a substring: "123".replace('2','z')= "1z3" Convert String to Integer: www.sans.org/sec573
http://isc.sans.edu
Count occurrences of substring:"1123".count("1")=2 newint = int(<string>[,base]) Mark Baggett Twitter: @markbaggett

Get offset of substring in string: "123".index("2")=1 All of the following assign the
variable ten the integer 10
Detect substring in string: “is” in “fish” == True
>>> ten = int(“1010”,2) 3 Methods of Python Execution
Encode "a string": "a string".encode(codec name)
>>> ten = int(“0010”)
Decode a string: "a string".decode(codec name) >>> ten = int(“000A”,16) Command line Execution with -c:
Example with the ROT13 codec: # python –c [“script string”]
>>> print "RAPBQR-ZR".decode("rot13") python –c "print 'Hello World!'"
Convert Float to Integer by dropping decimal:
ENCODE-ME
newint = int(<float>)
>>> print int(3.1415) Python Interpreter Script Execution:
Some String encoders/decoder codec names: 3 # cat helloworld.py
Base64, bz2 , hex, rot13, uu, zip, string_escape >>> int(3.6) print "Hello World"
3 # python helloworld.py
Convert a string to a list (default separator=space): Hello World
newlist = astr.split(<separator>) Convert String or number to Float:
>>> print "A B C".split() afloat = float(<var>) Python Interactive Shell:
['A', 'B', 'C'] >>> print float("1.5") # python
>>> print "A B C".split() 1.5 >>> print "Hello World"
['A', 'B', 'C'] >>> print float(1) Hello World
>>> print "A,B, ,C".split(",") 1.0
['A', 'B', ' ', 'C']
>>> print "WANNA BANANA?".split("AN") Convert String Character to ASCII decimal:
['W', 'NA B', '', 'A?'] newint = ord(<string length 1>) Python Command Line Options
>>> print ord("A")
Convert a list (or other iterable object) to a string: 65 # python –c “script as string”
Join a list together putting string between elements. Execute a string containing a script
“astring”.join([list]) Convert ASCII decimal to String of length 1: # python –m <module> [module args]
>>> print "".join(['A','B','C']) newstr = chr(<integer 1 to 255>) Find module in path and execute as a script
ABC >>> print chr(65) Example: python –m “SimpleHTTPServer”
>>> print ",".join(['A','B','C']) A # python –i <python script>
A,B,C Drop to interactive shell after script execution
 Loops Lists & Dictionaries Misc SEC573 PyWars Essentials

List essentials: Adding Comments to code: Create pyWars Object

Create an empty list: newlist=[] #Comments begin the line with a pound sign >>> import pyWars
>>> game= pyWars.exercise()
Assign value at index: alist[index]= value
Access value at index alist[index] Defining Functions:
Here is a function called “add”. It accepts 2 arguments Account Mangement
Add item to list: alist.append(new item) >>> game.new_acct("username","password")
Insert into list: alist.insert(at position, new item) num1 and num2 and returns their sum. Calling “print
>>> game.login("username","password")
Count # of an item in list: alist.count( item ) add(5,5)” will print “10” to the screen: >>> game.logout()
Delete 1 matching item: alist.remove(del item)
def add(num1, num2):
Remove item at index del alist[index] Query a question:
#code blocks must be indented
#each space has meaning in python >>> game.question(<question #>)
Dictionary essentials: myresult = num1 + num2
Create an empty dict: dic={} return myresult Query the data:
Initialize a non-empty dictionary: >>> game.data(<question #>)
dic = { “key1”:”value1”,”key2”:”value2”} if then else statements:
Assign a value: dic[“key”]=”value” if <logic test 1>: Submit an answer:
Determine if key exists: dic.has_key(“key”) #code block here will execute >>> game.answer(<question #>,
#when logic test 1 is True solverfunc(game.data(<question#>)))
Access value at key: dic[“key”], dic.get(“key”)
elif <logic test 2>:
List of all keys: dic.keys() #code block executes logic test 1 is
List of all values: dic.values() #False and logic test 2 is True
List of (key,value) tuples: dic.items() else: Logic and Math Operators
#code block for else has no test and
Looping examples: #executes when if an all elif are False
Math Operator Example X=7, Y=5
For loop 0 thru 9: for x in range(10): Slicing and Indexing Strings, Lists, etc Addition X +Y 12
For loop 5 thru 10: for x in range(5,11):
Subtraction X - Y 2
For each char in a string: for char in astring:
Slicing strings and lists: Multiplication X *Y 35
For items in list : for x in alist:
x[start:stop:step] x=[4,8,9,3,0] x=”48930” Division X /Y 1
For loop retrieving indexes and values in a list : x[0] 4 ‘4’ Exponent X ** Y 16807
for index,value in enumerate(alist): x[2] 9 ‘9’
For keys in a dict : for x in adict.keys(): Modulo X%Y 2
x[:3] [4,8,9] ‘489’ Logic Operator
For all items in dict: for key,value in adict.items(): x[3:] [3,0] ‘30’
while <logic test> do: Equality X == Y False
x[:-2] [4,8,9] ‘489’ Greater Than X>Y False
x[::2] [4,9,0] ‘490’
Loop Control statements (for and while): Less Than X<Y True
x[::-1] [0,3,9,8,4] ‘03984’
Exit loop immediately break Less or Equal X <= Y True
len(x) 5 5
Skip rest of loop and do loop again continue Not Equal X !=Y or X<>Y True
sorted(x) [0,3,4,8,9] ['0', '3', '4', '8', '9']
Other Logical Operators: AND, OR and NOT